A review of analytical techniques and their application in disease diagnosis in breathomics and salivaomics research
- Beale, David, Jones, Oliver, Karpe, Avinash, Dayalan, Saravanan, Oh, Ding, Kouremenos, Konstantinos, Ahmed, Warish, Palombo, Enzo
- Authors: Beale, David , Jones, Oliver , Karpe, Avinash , Dayalan, Saravanan , Oh, Ding , Kouremenos, Konstantinos , Ahmed, Warish , Palombo, Enzo
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, no. 1 (2017), p. 1-26
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The application of metabolomics to biological samples has been a key focus in systems biology research, which is aimed at the development of rapid diagnostic methods and the creation of personalized medicine. More recently, there has been a strong focus towards this approach applied to non-invasively acquired samples, such as saliva and exhaled breath. The analysis of these biological samples, in conjunction with other sample types and traditional diagnostic tests, has resulted in faster and more reliable characterization of a range of health disorders and diseases. As the sampling process involved in collecting exhaled breath and saliva is non-intrusive as well as comparatively low-cost and uses a series of widely accepted methods, it provides researchers with easy access to the metabolites secreted by the human body. Owing to its accuracy and rapid nature, metabolomic analysis of saliva and breath (known as salivaomics and breathomics, respectively) is a rapidly growing field and has shown potential to be effective in detecting and diagnosing the early stages of numerous diseases and infections in preclinical studies. This review discusses the various collection and analyses methods currently applied in two of the least used non-invasive sample types in metabolomics, specifically their application in salivaomics and breathomics research. Some of the salient research completed in this field to date is also assessed and discussed in order to provide a basis to advocate their use and possible future scientific directions. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Beale, David , Jones, Oliver , Karpe, Avinash , Dayalan, Saravanan , Oh, Ding , Kouremenos, Konstantinos , Ahmed, Warish , Palombo, Enzo
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, no. 1 (2017), p. 1-26
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The application of metabolomics to biological samples has been a key focus in systems biology research, which is aimed at the development of rapid diagnostic methods and the creation of personalized medicine. More recently, there has been a strong focus towards this approach applied to non-invasively acquired samples, such as saliva and exhaled breath. The analysis of these biological samples, in conjunction with other sample types and traditional diagnostic tests, has resulted in faster and more reliable characterization of a range of health disorders and diseases. As the sampling process involved in collecting exhaled breath and saliva is non-intrusive as well as comparatively low-cost and uses a series of widely accepted methods, it provides researchers with easy access to the metabolites secreted by the human body. Owing to its accuracy and rapid nature, metabolomic analysis of saliva and breath (known as salivaomics and breathomics, respectively) is a rapidly growing field and has shown potential to be effective in detecting and diagnosing the early stages of numerous diseases and infections in preclinical studies. This review discusses the various collection and analyses methods currently applied in two of the least used non-invasive sample types in metabolomics, specifically their application in salivaomics and breathomics research. Some of the salient research completed in this field to date is also assessed and discussed in order to provide a basis to advocate their use and possible future scientific directions. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Proteomic identification of galectin-11 and 14 ligands from Haemonchus contortus
- Sakthivel, Dhanasekaran, Swan, Jaclyn, Preston, Sarah, Shakif-Azam, MD, Faou, Pierre, Jiao, Yaqing, Downs, Rachael, Rajapaksha, Harinda, Gasser, Robin, Piedrafita, David, Beddoe, Travis
- Authors: Sakthivel, Dhanasekaran , Swan, Jaclyn , Preston, Sarah , Shakif-Azam, MD , Faou, Pierre , Jiao, Yaqing , Downs, Rachael , Rajapaksha, Harinda , Gasser, Robin , Piedrafita, David , Beddoe, Travis
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Peerj Vol. 6, no. 3 (2018), p. 1-19
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (two proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS- 14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.
- Authors: Sakthivel, Dhanasekaran , Swan, Jaclyn , Preston, Sarah , Shakif-Azam, MD , Faou, Pierre , Jiao, Yaqing , Downs, Rachael , Rajapaksha, Harinda , Gasser, Robin , Piedrafita, David , Beddoe, Travis
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Peerj Vol. 6, no. 3 (2018), p. 1-19
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (two proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS- 14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.
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