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The development of the Malaysian vocational education and training system

- Ramanathan Chettiar, Palaniappan

  • Authors: Ramanathan Chettiar, Palaniappan
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: The vocational education and training (VET) sector in Malaysia has experienced significant change over the last 10 years. This thesis aimed to identify the challenges facing VET development in Malaysia and consider the lessons that can be learnt from Australian and Singaporean VET experiences. This research explored the challenges using a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative) to answer the research question from a multiple stakeholder perspective. The 42 respondents included policymakers, chief executive officers (CEOs) from industry, CEOs from registered training organisations (RTOs), VET instructors and trainees. There were 34 respondents from Malaysia involved in the interviews. Two policymakers and two CEOs of RTOs from Singapore and Australia were also involved in the interviews. An online survey was answered by 209 Malaysian respondents. Significantly, the literature review, including literature from Malaysia, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, focused on the development of VET policy and the ideas associated with vocational education theory, human capital theory, systems theory and threshold theory, program theory, employability theory, collective skills formation, stakeholder engagement and the capability approach. The literature review provided an overview of the motivations behind government initiates to expand skills development initiatives using different models, the shifting of responsibility for employability to the employee and promoting inclusivity within the nation. While VET objectives were overt, the need for socially inclusive results were not. There is a need to consider economic, social and education contexts when developing VET systems, given the diversity of Malaysian society. The argument is made within the thesis that the development of VET policy has been largely led by government and legislation, rather than industry. The thesis suggests that challenges inherent in the development of a VET system arise from the gaps between VET policy and practice, rhetoric and implementation. While the presence of policy mechanisms for system efficiency was acknowledged by stakeholders, VET policy was characterised by respondents as incremental rather than long term. Most stakeholders acknowledged the importance of lifelong learning and for the need for Malaysia to become a learning nation. The lack of a single agency to monitor skills development was considered an obstacle for effective skills development within the country. Accordingly, this thesis proposes a set of recommendations to address these challenges and provides directions for future research.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

Network analyses of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms in children

- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Gomez, Andre, Brown, Taylor, Watson, Shaun

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Gomez, Andre , Brown, Taylor , Watson, Shaun
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMC Psychiatry Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p. 263-263
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  • Description: Based on parent and teacher ratings of their children, this study used regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBIC glasso) to examine the structure of DSM-5 Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms. Parent and teachers (N = 934) from the general community in Malaysia completed questionnaires covering DSM-5 ODD symptoms. The most central ODD symptom for parent ratings was anger, followed by argue. For teacher ratings, it was anger, followed by defy. For both parent and teacher ratings, the networks revealed at least medium effect size connections for temper and argue, defy, and argue, blames others, and annoy, and spiteful and angry. Overall, the findings were highly comparable across parent and teacher ratings, and they showed a novel understanding of the structure of the ODD symptoms. The clinical implications of the findings for assessment and treatment of ODD are discussed.

Teacher ratings of ODD symptoms: Measurement equivalence across Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian children

- Gomez, Rapson

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 8, no. 1 (2014), p. 52-55
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  • Description: Background The study examined the measurement equivalence for teacher ratings across Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian children. Methods Malaysian teachers completed ratings of the ODD symptoms for 574 Malay, 247 Chinese and 98 Indian children. Results The results supported the equivalences for the configural, metric, and error variances models, and the equivalences for ODD latent variances and mean scores. Discussion Together, these findings suggest good support for measurement and structural equivalences of the ODD symptoms across these ethnic groups. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for cross-cultural equivalence of the ODD symptoms are discussed.

Market power, credit risk, revenue diversification and bank stability in selected ASEAN countries

- Ovi, Nafisa Zabeen, Perera, Shrimal, Colombage, Sisira

  • Authors: Ovi, Nafisa Zabeen , Perera, Shrimal , Colombage, Sisira
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: South East Asia Research Vol. 22, no. 3 (2014), p. 399-416
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  • Description: This paper investigates the effects of market power on credit risk, revenue diversification and bank stability in selected Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) using a sample of 153 commercial banks during 1998-2010. The authors find that bank market power is positively associated with credit risk and revenue diversification. Nevertheless, these associations diminished during the global financial crisis (GFC), implying that banks with greater market power have been better able to manage their non-performing loans during the crisis period. Bank stability, however, is not associated with market power. Instead, it is found to be a negative function of state ownership, asset composition and banking freedom. Overall, even though ASEAN banks with greater market power have higher credit risk, they are more diversified, thus leaving their overall bank risk unaffected.

Malay muslim religious ideology : representations of gendered beauty ideals in women’s magazines

- French, Juliana, Lee, Christina, Brace-Govan, Jan

  • Authors: French, Juliana , Lee, Christina , Brace-Govan, Jan
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Macromarketing Vol. 40, no. 4 (2020), p. 459-474
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  • Description: Responding to Drenten and McManus (2016) call on the lack of scholarship on the intersections of macromarketing and religion, this article uses magazines to demonstrate how beauty discourses reinforce or contest religious ideology in Malaysia. We draw from institutional logics to show how magazine discourses present macrolevel belief systems that can both shape and constrain the micro level behaviour of women. We identify three dialectical tensions of gendered beauty ideals as firstly both something that is embraced and something that is imposed; secondly it is collectively and individually displayed in fashion and thirdly offers contradictory discourses over blending-in versus standing-out in physical appearance. This study supplements the very limited literature on how the media as an institutional and social structure injects religious ideology to gendered representations of beauty ideals. © The Author(s) 2020.

Economic crisis and policy response formulation in Malaysia

- Doraisami, Anita

  • Authors: Doraisami, Anita
  • Date: 2012
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 41st Australian Conference of Economists
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  • Description: Since achieving Independence in 1957, Malaysia has experienced three recessions, each of which emanated from different sources of vulnerability. This paper analyses the policy response to economic crisis in particular, the role of the New Economic Policy (NEP) which was introduced in 1970 and which remains in force today. It concludes that in spite of the diversity in the proximate causes of the crises, the policy response was consistent and sought to ensure that NEP objectives were paramount and the vested interest that had emerged as a result of the NEP and which were linked to the ruling party were preserved.
  • Description: E1
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