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Mitigating ventilation air methane cost-effectively from a colliery in Australia

- Holmes, Robert

Authors: Holmes, Robert
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences Vol. 6, no. 19 (2016), p. 41-50
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Description: Methane has been controlled in collieries in the past only for safety and statutory compliance reasons; however concerns over greenhouse gas emissions mean that this is now changing. About 65% of greenhouse emissions associated with underground coal mining come from ventilation air methane (VAM). The machinery to mitigate these fugitive emissions once the VAM exits the mine fans is expensive, has safety concerns and is not widely used at present. Consider these factors; more collieries are mining lower seams, methane content increases with depth, VAM mitigation plants are not widely used, most mine emissions are VAM, and widespread concern over greenhouse gases mean that it is desirable to lower VAM emissions now. One solution would be a method to prevent more methane from entering the mine airstream and becoming VAM in the first place. Recently, in a colliery in the Hunter Valley, this mitigation method underwent a 12-month trial, and involved six different measures. Measurements were taken to assess the emissions mitigation which was achieved, and the cost of the works; all the results are detailed herein. A reduction in fugitive emissions of 80,307 t/CO2-e below that which was projected for the next 12-month period was quantified, at an average cost of A$1.28c t/CO2-e. The mitigation measure outlined here represent a first attempt to the author’s knowledge, in an operating mine, to lower a collieries’ environmental footprint by preventing methane from entering the mine airstream and becoming VAM gas by the deliberate use of mitigation measures.

Tax policy and innovation : A search for common ground

- Courvisanos, Jerry, Laramie, Anthony, Mair, Douglas

Authors: Courvisanos, Jerry , Laramie, Anthony , Mair, Douglas
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Intervention. European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies Vol. 6, no. 2 (2009), p. 271-287
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Description: The paper is motivated by a desire to find common ground between mainstream and post-Keynesian approaches to fiscal policy. A post-Keynesian approach with origins in Kalecki offers a promising line of enquiry which is developed here. The paper identifies the principal differences between the Keynesian and Kaleckian approaches. The possibilities are explored of finding accommodation between the mainstream and Kaleckian approaches to the taxation of greenhouse gases. The macroeconomic implications of taxing greenhouse gases are identified. However, these may be thwarted by the emergence of ›political aspects of innovation‹, akin to Kalecki’s ›political aspects of full employment‹. A Kaleckian balanced budget approach allied to fiscal incentives to innovate offers some prospect of common ground with the mainstream.
Description: 2003007340

Backcasting : Planning a sustainable energy success story for central Victoria by 2020

- Hall, Stephen

Authors: Hall, Stephen
Date: 2005
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: Paper presented at the 2005 Environmental Engineering & Sustainability National Conference, Sydney : 18th July, 2005
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Description: The Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance (CVGA) has aset a goal of zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Recent completion by all local government members of CVGA of the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) energy auditing stage (Milestone 1) together with the establishment of significant energy efficiency, renewabale energy and carbon sequestration projects has allowed backcasting to be commenced.
Description: E1
Description: 2003001070

Mechanical behavior and frost-resistance of alkali-activated cement concrete with blended binder at ambient curing condition

- Tekle, Biruk, Holschemacher, Klaus, Löber, Philipp, Heiden, Björn

Authors: Tekle, Biruk , Holschemacher, Klaus , Löber, Philipp , Heiden, Björn
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Buildings (Basel) Vol. 11, no. 2 (2021), p. 52
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Description: Concrete is the most commonly used construction material because of its various advantages, such as versatility, familiarity, strength, and durability, and it will continue to be in demand far into the future. However, with today’s sensitivity to environmental protection, this material faces unprecedented challenges because of its high greenhouse gas emissions, mainly during cement production. This paper investigates one of the promising cement replacement materials, alkali-activated cement (AAC) concrete. Being produced mainly from byproduct materials and having a comparable structural performance to conventional concrete, AAC concrete can transform the construction industry. Mechanical properties such as compressive and flexural strength and the relationship between them are studied. Different source materials such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF), and Metakaolin (MK) are used. The effect of the source materials and the activator solutions on the concrete performance is studied. Furthermore, the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete is studied. The study results showed that the behavior of AAC depends highly on the source material combinations and type used. The effect of the alkaline solution is also dependent on the source material used. Mixes with higher GGBS content showed the highest strength, while mixes with MK showed the highest flexural strength. The freeze-thaw test results showed that proper design of AAC concrete with lower water content is critical to achieving a good resistance.

Climate variability over the last 35,000 years recorded in marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: An OZ-INTIMATE compilation

- Reeves, Jessica, Barrows, Timothy, Cohen, Tim, Kiem, Anthony, Bostock, Helen, Fitzsimmons, Kathryn, Jansen, John, Kemp, Justine, Krause, Claire, Petherick, Lynda, Phipps, Steven

Authors: Reeves, Jessica , Barrows, Timothy , Cohen, Tim , Kiem, Anthony , Bostock, Helen , Fitzsimmons, Kathryn , Jansen, John , Kemp, Justine , Krause, Claire , Petherick, Lynda , Phipps, Steven
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Quaternary Science Reviews Vol. 74, no. (2013), p. 21-34
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Description: The Australian region spans some 60Â° of latitude and 50Â° of longitude and displays considerable regional climate variability both today and during the Late Quaternary. A synthesis of marine and terrestrial climate records, combining findings from the Southern Ocean, temperate, tropical and arid zones, identifies a complex response of climate proxies to a background of changing boundary conditions over the last 35,000 years. Climate drivers include the seasonal timing of insolation, greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, sea level rise and ocean and atmospheric circulation changes. Our compilation finds few climatic events that could be used to construct a climate event stratigraphy for the entire region, limiting the usefulness of this approach. Instead we have taken a spatial approach, looking to discern the patterns of change across the continent.The data identify the clearest and most synchronous climatic response at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (21Â±3ka), with unambiguous cooling recorded in the ocean, and evidence of glaciation in the highlands of tropical New Guinea, southeast Australia and Tasmania. Many terrestrial records suggest drier conditions, but with the timing of inferred snowmelt, and changes to the rainfall/runoff relationships, driving higher river discharge at the LGM. In contrast, the deglaciation is a time of considerable south-east to north-west variation across the region. Warming was underway in all regions by 17ka. Post-glacial sea level rise and its associated regional impacts have played an important role in determining the magnitude and timing of climate response in the north-west of the continent in contrast to the southern latitudes. No evidence for cooling during the Younger Dryas chronozone is evident in the region, but the Antarctic cold reversal clearly occurs south of Australia. The Holocene period is a time of considerable climate variability associated with an intense monsoon in the tropics early in the Holocene, giving way to a weakened monsoon and an increasingly El NiÃ±o-dominated ENSO to the present. The influence of ENSO is evident throughout the southeast of Australia, but not the southwest. This climate history provides a template from which to assess the regionality of climate events across Australia and make comparisons beyond our region. Â© 2013.
Description: 4 Earth Sciences
Description: 21 History And Archaeology

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A multiobjective reverse logistics model for inventory management with environmental impacts: An application in industry

- Forkan, Mohammad, Rizvi, Mustafa, Chowdhury, Mohammad

Authors: Forkan, Mohammad , Rizvi, Mustafa , Chowdhury, Mohammad
Date: 2022
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Intelligent Systems with Applications Vol. 14, no. 1-13 (2022), p.
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Description: We propose new mathematical models of inventory management in a reverse logistics system. The proposed models extend the model introduced by Nahmias and Rivera with the assumption that the demand for newly produced and repaired (remanufacturing) items are not the same. We derive two mathematical models and formulate unconstrained and constrained optimization problems to optimize the holding cost. We also introduce the solution procedures of the proposed problems. The exactness of the proposed solutions has been tested by numerical experiments. Nowadays, it is an essential commitment for industries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as energy consumption during the production and remanufacturing processes. This paper also extends along this line of research, and therewith develops a three-objective mathematical model and provides an algorithm to obtain the Pareto solution.

Carbon offsetting in the road transport industry : issues and challenges of meeting the objectives

- Peters, L., Chattopadhyay, Gopinath, Kandra, Harpreet

Authors: Peters, L. , Chattopadhyay, Gopinath , Kandra, Harpreet
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: 2021 International Conference on Maintenance and Intelligent Asset Management, ICMIAM 2021; Ballarat; 12-15 December 2021
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Description: The overall performance of the transport industry is generally reported in terms of moving goods, or freight or people from any location to their final destination in a safe, reliable, cost-effective, and timely manner. However, greenhouse gas and exhaust fumes resulting from their operations has an adverse impact on climate and health of people living around transport corridors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaust fumes, if not contained, can cause poisonous air pollution and contributes to global warming. Australia's Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment statistics predict that in 2030, CO2 emissions from the road transport industry through the usage of articulated and rigid trucks, are expected to grow by 37 percent from 2015 levels and is 80 percent higher compared to 2006 levels. In various parts of the world, there are annual mandatory road worthiness and exhaust testing requirements for responding to these problems. Some countries like Singapore (5.4 years) Luxembourg (6.5 years) and Austria (8.3 years), replace vehicles in five to 10 years on an average. Affordability, easy access, congestions, greenhouse gasses, impacts on health and safety are some of the important factors in asset management that can potentially impact climate change. Fleet asset management considers capital investments, operational and maintenance costs for informed decision making based on risks, life cycle costs and performances. This paper presents a review of studies on the impact of carbon offsetting on the transport infrastructure. Issues and challenges of alternative options for reducing risks and lifecycle costs along with approaches for enhancing performance covering reduction of greenhouse gasses and adverse impacts on human health have also been presented. © 2021 IEEE.

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