The visual appearance of beer : A review concerning visually-determined expectations and their consequences for perception
- Van Doorn, George, Timora, Justin, Watson, Shaun, Moore, Chris, Spence, Charles
- Authors: Van Doorn, George , Timora, Justin , Watson, Shaun , Moore, Chris , Spence, Charles
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Food Research International Vol. 126, no. (2019), p.
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- Description: This review critically evaluates the literature concerning the impact of visual appearance cues (including colour, foam, and cloudiness) on people's perception in the beer category. The authors assess both the sensory expectations that are elicited by the visual appearance of beer, and the extent to which those expectations carry-over to influence the actual tasting experience. Beer is a particularly intriguing category to study since the differing production rules in different countries mean that there is not always the same scope to modify the colour in order to meet perceived consumer demands. What is more, there is currently disagreement in the literature concerning the impact of beer colour and foam on people's expectations of beer prior to tasting, and their multisensory flavour perception on tasting. Given how much beer is consumed annually, it is surprising that more research has not been published that assesses the undoubtedly important role of visual appearance in this beverage category. Part of the reason for this may simply be that it is difficult to create consistent experimental stimuli given the rapid transition of the head of the beer post-serving. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Van Doorn, George , Timora, Justin , Watson, Shaun , Moore, Chris , Spence, Charles
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Food Research International Vol. 126, no. (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This review critically evaluates the literature concerning the impact of visual appearance cues (including colour, foam, and cloudiness) on people's perception in the beer category. The authors assess both the sensory expectations that are elicited by the visual appearance of beer, and the extent to which those expectations carry-over to influence the actual tasting experience. Beer is a particularly intriguing category to study since the differing production rules in different countries mean that there is not always the same scope to modify the colour in order to meet perceived consumer demands. What is more, there is currently disagreement in the literature concerning the impact of beer colour and foam on people's expectations of beer prior to tasting, and their multisensory flavour perception on tasting. Given how much beer is consumed annually, it is surprising that more research has not been published that assesses the undoubtedly important role of visual appearance in this beverage category. Part of the reason for this may simply be that it is difficult to create consistent experimental stimuli given the rapid transition of the head of the beer post-serving. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
A preliminary investigation of the effect of ethical labeling and moral self-image on the expected and perceived flavor and aroma of beer
- Doorn, George, Ferguson, Rose, Watson, Shaun, Timora, Justin, Berends, Dylan, Moore, Chris
- Authors: Doorn, George , Ferguson, Rose , Watson, Shaun , Timora, Justin , Berends, Dylan , Moore, Chris
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Beverages Vol. 7, no. 2 (2021), p.
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- Description: Ethical labelling has been shown to influence taste/flavour perception. Across two experiments, the present study examined how ethical labelling and moral self-image influenced both the expected (Experiment One) and perceived (Experiment Two) taste/flavour characteristics of beer. In Experiment One, 170 participants read either a ‘moral’ or ‘control’ label describing a brewery, after which they were presented with an image of a beer. Participants then completed a Beer Taste Perception Questionnaire and the Moral Self-Image Scale. In Experiment Two, 59 participants were exposed to either the moral or control label before tasting a beer and completing the same questionnaires from Experiment One. The results of Experiment One indicated that label type moderated the relationship between moral self-image and the intensity ratings of the beer. Specifically, in the presence of a control label, the expected intensity of the beer’s flavour increased as moral self-image increased. Experiment Two found no evidence that the moral label influenced the perceived taste of the beer. However, the results showed that as moral self-image became more positive the perceived refreshingness of the beer increased. This study provides novel evidence of the potential relationship between an individual’s moral self-image and the expected and perceived taste/flavour characteristics of beer. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Doorn, George , Ferguson, Rose , Watson, Shaun , Timora, Justin , Berends, Dylan , Moore, Chris
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Beverages Vol. 7, no. 2 (2021), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Ethical labelling has been shown to influence taste/flavour perception. Across two experiments, the present study examined how ethical labelling and moral self-image influenced both the expected (Experiment One) and perceived (Experiment Two) taste/flavour characteristics of beer. In Experiment One, 170 participants read either a ‘moral’ or ‘control’ label describing a brewery, after which they were presented with an image of a beer. Participants then completed a Beer Taste Perception Questionnaire and the Moral Self-Image Scale. In Experiment Two, 59 participants were exposed to either the moral or control label before tasting a beer and completing the same questionnaires from Experiment One. The results of Experiment One indicated that label type moderated the relationship between moral self-image and the intensity ratings of the beer. Specifically, in the presence of a control label, the expected intensity of the beer’s flavour increased as moral self-image increased. Experiment Two found no evidence that the moral label influenced the perceived taste of the beer. However, the results showed that as moral self-image became more positive the perceived refreshingness of the beer increased. This study provides novel evidence of the potential relationship between an individual’s moral self-image and the expected and perceived taste/flavour characteristics of beer. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Community expectations and anticipated outcomes for crisis support services—Lifeline Australia
- Ma, Jennifer, Batterham, Philip, Kõlves, Kairi, Woodward, Alan, Bradford, Sally, Klein, Britt, Titov, Nickolai, Mazzer, Kelly, O’Riordan, Megan, Rickwood, Debra
- Authors: Ma, Jennifer , Batterham, Philip , Kõlves, Kairi , Woodward, Alan , Bradford, Sally , Klein, Britt , Titov, Nickolai , Mazzer, Kelly , O’Riordan, Megan , Rickwood, Debra
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 5 (2022), p. 1775-1788
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- Description: Crisis lines provide a critical first line of mental wellbeing support for community members in distress. Given the increasing referral to such services, there is a need to understand what the expectations of the community are around the role of such services in our public health responses. A computer assisted telephone interview was undertaken between 28th October and 30th November 2019. The aim was to explore expectations and anticipated outcomes of Lifeline Australia's crisis support services from a nationally representative community sample (N = 1,300). Analysis was undertaken to determine if demographic variables (age, gender, indigenous status, country of birth, culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) status, sexual orientation, household composition, region and State/territory) and past service use affected community expectations. Results showed that a majority of respondents expected Lifeline to listen and provide support, recommend other services, and provide information. Help-seekers were expected to feel heard and listened to, receive safety advice or support to stay safe, and feel more hopeful. Lifeline was expected to prioritise people feeling suicidal, in immediate personal crisis, and experiencing domestic violence. Findings reveal that community members hold expectations for Lifeline Australia to serve as a suicide prevention and general crisis support service, which are congruent with the service's aims. There was little variation in community expectations of crisis support services based on demographic factors and past service use. The results show that the community has extensive and diverse expectations for this national crisis service to meet both short and longer-term needs for all vulnerable members of the community—entailing a very substantial public health service responsibility. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Help-seeker expectations and outcomes of a crisis support service : comparison of suicide-related and non-suicide-related contacts to lifeline Australia
- O'Riordan, Megan, Ma, Jennifer, Mazzer, Kelly, Batterham, Philip, Kõlves, Kairi, Woodward, Alan, Klein, Britt, Larsen, Mark, Goecke, Roland, Gould, Madelyn, Rickwood, Debra
- Authors: O'Riordan, Megan , Ma, Jennifer , Mazzer, Kelly , Batterham, Philip , Kõlves, Kairi , Woodward, Alan , Klein, Britt , Larsen, Mark , Goecke, Roland , Gould, Madelyn , Rickwood, Debra
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 6 (2022), p. e4535-e4544
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- Description: Lifeline Australia aims to prevent suicide and support community members in personal crisis via the provision of free anonymous telephone, online chat and text message services. This study aimed to identify the expectations and outcomes of Lifeline help-seekers, including whether there are differences between suicide-related and non-suicide-related contacts. Help-seekers (N = 553) who had previously contacted Lifeline via telephone, online chat, or text message crisis services were recruited via social media and a link provided after Lifeline service use, who completed an online survey about their awareness, expectations and outcomes of Lifeline's services. The responses from help-seekers who self-reported suicide-related and non-suicide-related reasons for contact were compared. Participants were highly aware of Lifeline's services, particularly the phone service. The main expectations of all help-seekers were to feel heard and listened to, feel less upset and feel understood. There were 59.5% of the sample that reported suicidality as a reason for contact. Suicide-related contacts endorsed more reasons for contact than non-suicide-related contacts. Expectations of suicide-related help-seekers were greater, but they were less likely to report that their expectations were met. The high expectations and complexity of suicide-related contacts reveal the challenges in meeting the needs of this high-priority group, particularly within the context of the multiple demands on crisis support services. © 2022 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: O'Riordan, Megan , Ma, Jennifer , Mazzer, Kelly , Batterham, Philip , Kõlves, Kairi , Woodward, Alan , Klein, Britt , Larsen, Mark , Goecke, Roland , Gould, Madelyn , Rickwood, Debra
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 6 (2022), p. e4535-e4544
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Lifeline Australia aims to prevent suicide and support community members in personal crisis via the provision of free anonymous telephone, online chat and text message services. This study aimed to identify the expectations and outcomes of Lifeline help-seekers, including whether there are differences between suicide-related and non-suicide-related contacts. Help-seekers (N = 553) who had previously contacted Lifeline via telephone, online chat, or text message crisis services were recruited via social media and a link provided after Lifeline service use, who completed an online survey about their awareness, expectations and outcomes of Lifeline's services. The responses from help-seekers who self-reported suicide-related and non-suicide-related reasons for contact were compared. Participants were highly aware of Lifeline's services, particularly the phone service. The main expectations of all help-seekers were to feel heard and listened to, feel less upset and feel understood. There were 59.5% of the sample that reported suicidality as a reason for contact. Suicide-related contacts endorsed more reasons for contact than non-suicide-related contacts. Expectations of suicide-related help-seekers were greater, but they were less likely to report that their expectations were met. The high expectations and complexity of suicide-related contacts reveal the challenges in meeting the needs of this high-priority group, particularly within the context of the multiple demands on crisis support services. © 2022 The Authors. Health and Social Care in the Community published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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