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Hazard perception skills of young drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be improved with computer based driver training : an exploratory randomised controlled trial

- Bruce, C., Unsworth, Carolyn, Dillon, M., Tay, R., Falkmer, T., Bird, P., Carey, L.

  • Authors: Bruce, C. , Unsworth, Carolyn , Dillon, M. , Tay, R. , Falkmer, T. , Bird, P. , Carey, L.
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Accident Analysis and Prevention Vol. 109, no. (2017), p. 70-77
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  • Description: Background: Young drivers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk of road traffic injuries than their peers. Increased risk correlates with poor hazard perception skill. Few studies have investigated hazard perception training using computer technology with this group of drivers. Objectives: *Determine the presence and magnitude of the between-group and within- subject change in hazard perception skills in young drivers with ADHD who receive Drive Smart training. *Determine whether training-facilitated change in hazard perception is maintained over time. Methods: This was a feasibility study, randomised control trial conducted in Australia. The design included a delayed treatment for the control group. Twenty-five drivers with a diagnosis of ADHD were randomised to the Immediate Intervention or Delayed Intervention group.The Immediate Intervention group received a training session using a computer application entitled Drive Smart. The Delayed Intervention group watched a documentary video initially (control condition), followed by the Drive Smart computer training session. The participant's hazard perception skill was measured using the Hazard Perception Test (HPT). Findings: After adjusting for baseline scores, there was a significant betweengroup difference in post-intervention HPT change scores in favour of the Immediate Intervention group. The magnitude of the effect was large. There was no significant within-group delayed intervention effect. A significant maintenance effect was found at 6-week follow-up for the Immediate Intervention group. Conclusions: The hazard perception skills of participants improved following training with large effect size and some maintenance of gain. A multimodal approach to training is indicated to facilitate maintenance. A full-scale trial is feasible. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Survey of occupational therapy driver assessors’ rehabilitation interventions with older drivers

- Unsworth, Carolyn, Baker, Anne, Morton-Kehle, Dana, Darzins, Susan

  • Authors: Unsworth, Carolyn , Baker, Anne , Morton-Kehle, Dana , Darzins, Susan
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: OTJR Occupation, Participation and Health Vol. 42, no. 2 (2022), p. 115-126
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  • Description: The rehabilitation strategies used by occupational therapy driver assessors with older drivers with age-related decline or health conditions are not well understood. The objective of the study was to describe driver rehabilitation interventions used by Australian driver assessors, identify factors that guide rehabilitation choices, and identify barriers and facilitators encountered. An online survey was emailed to 300 driver assessors. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and to rank order participant responses. A total of 148 respondents selected from a combined total of 655 interventions. The four most common rehabilitation methods were (a) graded driving (18%, n = 118), (b) practicing specific maneuvers (17.7%, n = 116), (c) using a modified vehicle (16.9%, n = 111), and (d) graded driving in local areas only (15.1%, n = 99). The most common barrier limiting driver rehabilitation was cost (M = 2.92, SD = 1.24). The most frequently used driver rehabilitation method was on-road training. Practice can be enhanced by collating and evaluating resources, and ensuring effective interventions are more accessible. © The Author(s) 2021.

Responsible management of motor vehicle drivers with dementia

- Yates, Mark, Ibrahim, Joseph

  • Authors: Yates, Mark , Ibrahim, Joseph
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Vol. 44, no. 1 (2014), p. 4-7
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  • Description: When Bridget Driscoll, a 44-year-old mother of two died after being struck by a motor vehicle, considered to be the first motor vehicle fatality in UK and possibly the world, the coroner stated 'I trust this sort of nonsense will never happen again'.1 Sadly, the coroner, medical practitioners and general public would be deeply and repeatedly disappointed. It was 1896. Motor vehicles were a curiosity. Drivers did not undergo any form of testing, be it medical fitness, driving ability or otherwise, and there were no licensing regulatory agencies. By 2010, road injury was the ninth most common cause of death globally (1.3 million deaths per annum) and dementia the fourth most common in high income countries.2 By 2030 the number of all licensed UK drivers who are 65 years or older will increase by almost 50% to almost one in every four drivers.3 If the juxtaposition of driving with dementia in an ageing population is not already a contentious social, political and medical issue, it certainly will become so.

A systematic review of effective interventions and strategies to support the transition of older adults from driving to driving retirement/cessation

- Dickerson, Anne, Stapleton, Tadhg, Bloss, Jamie, Géinas, Isabelle, Harries, Priscilla, Choi, Moon, Margot-Cattin, Isabel, Mazer, Barbara, Patomella, Anne-Helen, Swanepoel, Lizette, Van Niekerk, Lana, Unsworth, Carolyn, Vrkljan, Brenda

  • Authors: Dickerson, Anne , Stapleton, Tadhg , Bloss, Jamie , Géinas, Isabelle , Harries, Priscilla , Choi, Moon , Margot-Cattin, Isabel , Mazer, Barbara , Patomella, Anne-Helen , Swanepoel, Lizette , Van Niekerk, Lana , Unsworth, Carolyn , Vrkljan, Brenda
  • Date: 2024
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Innovation in Aging Vol. 8, no. 6 (2024), p.
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  • Description: Background and Objectives: In most western countries, older adults depend on private cars for transportation and do not proactively plan for driving cessation. The objective of this review was to examine current research studies outlining effective interventions and strategies to assist older adults during their transition from driver to driving retirement or cessation. Research Design and Methods: A search was completed across 9 databases using key words and MeSH terms for drivers, cessation of driving, and older adult drivers. Eligibility screening of 9,807 titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed screening of 206 papers, was completed using the Covidence platform. Twelve papers were selected for full-text screen and data extraction, comprising 3 papers with evidence-based intervention programs and 9 papers with evidence-informed strategies. Results: Three papers met the research criteria of a controlled study for programs that support and facilitate driving cessation for older adults. Nine additional studies were exploratory or descriptive, which outlined strategies that could support older drivers, their families, and/or healthcare professionals during this transition. Driving retirement programs/toolkits are also presented. Discussion and Implications: The driver retirement programs had promising results, but there were methodological weaknesses within the studies. Strategies extracted contributed to 6 themes: Reluctance and avoidance of the topic, multiple stakeholder involvement is important, taking proactive approach is critical, refocus the process away from assessment to proactive planning, collaborative approach to enable “ownership” of the decision is needed, and engage in planning alternative transportation should be the end result. Meeting the transportation needs of older adults will be essential to support aging in place, out-of-home mobility, and participation, particularly in developed countries where there is such a high dependency on private motor vehicles. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.
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