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BCT-CS : blockchain technology applications for cyber defense and cybersecurity : a survey and solutions

- Kshetri, Naresh, Bhushal, Chandra, Pandey, Purnendu, Vasudha,

  • Authors: Kshetri, Naresh , Bhushal, Chandra , Pandey, Purnendu , Vasudha,
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications Vol. 13, no. 11 (2022), p. 364-370
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  • Description: Blockchain technology has now emerged as a ground-breaking technology with possible solutions to applications from securing smart cities to e-voting systems. Although it started as a digital currency or cryptocurrency, bitcoin, there is no doubt that blockchain is influencing and will influence business and society more in the near future. We present a comprehensive survey of how blockchain technology is applied to provide security over the web and to counter ongoing threats as well as increasing cybercrimes and cyber-attacks. During the review, we also investigate how blockchain can affect cyber data and information over the web. Our contributions included the following: (i) summarizing the Blockchain architecture and models for cybersecurity (ii) classifying and discussing recent and relevant works for cyber countermeasures using blockchain (iii) analyzing the main challenges and obstacles of blockchain technology in response to cyber defense and cybersecurity and (iv) recommendations for improvement and future research on the integration of blockchain with cyber defense. © 2022,International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.

Unsupervised authorship analysis of phishing webpages

- Layton, Robert, Watters, Paul, Dazeley, Richard

  • Authors: Layton, Robert , Watters, Paul , Dazeley, Richard
  • Date: 2012
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings
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  • Description: Authorship analysis on phishing websites enables the investigation of phishing attacks, beyond basic analysis. In authorship analysis, salient features from documents are used to determine properties about the author, such as which of a set of candidate authors wrote a given document. In unsupervised authorship analysis, the aim is to group documents such that all documents by one author are grouped together. Applying this to cyber-attacks shows the size and scope of attacks from specific groups. This in turn allows investigators to focus their attention on specific attacking groups rather than trying to profile multiple independent attackers. In this paper, we analyse phishing websites using the current state of the art unsupervised authorship analysis method, called NUANCE. The results indicate that the application produces clusters which correlate strongly to authorship, evaluated using expert knowledge and external information as well as showing an improvement over a previous approach with known flaws. © 2012 IEEE.
  • Description: 2003010678

A survey on latest botnet attack and defense

- Zhang, Lei, Yu, Shui, Wu, Di, Watters, Paul

  • Authors: Zhang, Lei , Yu, Shui , Wu, Di , Watters, Paul
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings
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  • Description: A botnet is a group of compromised computers, which are remotely controlled by hackers to launch various network attacks, such as DDoS attack and information phishing. Botnet has become a popular and productive tool behind many cyber attacks. Recently, the owners of some botnets, such as storm worm, torpig and conflicker, are employing fluxing techniques to evade detection. Therefore, the understanding of their fluxing tricks is critical to the success of defending from botnet attacks. Motivated by this, we survey the latest botnet attacks and defenses in this paper. We begin with introducing the principles of fast fluxing (FF) and domain fluxing (DF), and explain how these techniques were employed by botnet owners to fly under the radar. Furthermore, we investigate the state-of-art research on fluxing detection. We also compare and evaluate those fluxing detection methods by multiple criteria. Finally, we discuss future directions on fighting against botnet based attacks. © 2011 IEEE.

Recent cyber security attacks and their mitigation approaches - An overview

- Chowdhury, Abdullahi

  • Authors: Chowdhury, Abdullahi
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 6th International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Information Security, ATIS 2016; Cairns, Australia; 26th-28th October 2016; published in Applications and Techniques in Information Security (Communications in Computer and Information Science series) Vol. 651, p. 54-65
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  • Description: The advent of digital media, Internet, web and online social media has drawn the attention of relevant research community significantly and created many new research challenges on cyber security. People, organisations and governments around the world are losing a huge amount of money because of having cyber-attacks. For this reason, cyber security has become one of the most difficult and significant problems across the world. Currently, cyber security researchers of both industries and academic institutes are analysing existing cyber-attacks happening across the world and are developing different types of techniques to protect the systems against potential cyber-threats and attacks. This paper discusses the recent cyber security-attacks and the economic loss resulted from the growing cyber-attacks. This paper also analyses the increasing exploitation of a computer system, which has created more opportunities for the current cyber-crimes. Protective mechanisms and relevant laws are being implemented to reduce cyber-crimes around the world. Contemporary and important mitigation approaches for cyber-crimes have also been articulated in this paper. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2016.

A survey on representation learning efforts in cybersecurity domain

- Usman, Muhammad, Jan, Mian, He, Xiangjian, Chen, Jinjun

  • Authors: Usman, Muhammad , Jan, Mian , He, Xiangjian , Chen, Jinjun
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: ACM computing surveys Vol. 52, no. 6 (2020), p. 1-28
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  • Description: In this technology-based era, network-based systems are facing new cyber-attacks on daily bases. Traditional cybersecurity approaches are based on old threat-knowledge databases and need to be updated on a daily basis to stand against new generation of cyber-threats and protect underlying network-based systems. Along with updating threat-knowledge databases, there is a need for proper management and processing of data generated by sensitive real-time applications. In recent years, various computing platforms based on representation learning algorithms have emerged as a useful resource to manage and exploit the generated data to extract meaningful information. If these platforms are properly utilized, then strong cybersecurity systems can be developed to protect the underlying network-based systems and support sensitive real-time applications. In this survey, we highlight various cyber-threats, real-life examples, and initiatives taken by various international organizations. We discuss various computing platforms based on representation learning algorithms to process and analyze the generated data. We highlight various popular datasets introduced by well-known global organizations that can be used to train the representation learning algorithms to predict and detect threats. We also provide an in-depth analysis of research efforts based on representation learning algorithms made in recent years to protect the underlying network-based systems against current cyber-threats. Finally, we highlight various limitations and challenges in these efforts and available datasets that need to be considered when using them to build cybersecurity systems.

Assessing reliability of smart grid against cyberattacks using stability index

- Rashed, Muhammad, Gondal, Iqbal, Kamruzzaman, Joarder, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Rashed, Muhammad , Gondal, Iqbal , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2021, Virtual, Online 26 to 30 September 2021, Proceedings of 2021 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2021
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  • Description: The degradation of stability index within smart grid leads to incorrect power generation and poor load balancing. The remote data dependency of the central energy management system (CEMS) causes communication delay that further leads to poor synchronization within the system. This becomes worse in the presence of cyber-attacks such as stealth or false data injection attack (FDIA). We used dynamic estimation to obtain state data after the inception of false data attack and analyzed its impact on the stability index of the smart grid. A lookup table was constructed based on the fluctuations within the voltage estimates of IEEE-Bus system. An index number was assigned to output estimates at the bus that highlights the level of severity within the grid. We used IEEE-57 Bus using MATLAB to capture and plot the results related to voltage estimates, latency, and inception time delay. The results demonstrate a clear relationship between stability index and state estimates especially when the system is under the influence of a cyber-attack. © 2021 IEEE.
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