Description:
This paper, based on data from thirty-two large businesses in Bangladesh, investigates if the various efforts taken to promote CSR have had any impact on local businesses' attitudes towards CSR and if those efforts have been able to change their perceptions as to the important considerations of CSR practices which could meaningfully contribute to sustainable development. The study confirms that businesses have a positive attitude towards CSR which has improved quite considerably in recent years. Philanthropic and charitable contributions seem to be the most important determinants of CSR while environmental performance is thought to be the least important determinant, as revealed by perception data. Although philanthropy certainly has a role in developing countries, this paper emphasizes on the need to revisit strategies and intervention to promote CSR so that they are able to generate interest among businesses to consider other CSR initiatives, along with philanthropy-based CSR, that could meaningfully contribute to sustainable development.
Description:
Plant strategy schemes aim to classify plants according to measurable traits and group species according to their shared evolutionary responses to selective pressures. In this way, it becomes possible to make meaningful comparisons among ecosystems and communities and to predict how plant communities might respond to changes in their environment. Here, we classified common alpine plants which occur in snowpatches (Early and Late snowmelt sites) and in adjacent vegetation (Snow-free sites which melt early in the growing season) using Grime's CSR plant strategy scheme. Alpine plant communities are largely driven by environmental filters associated with a relatively constant gradient of snowmelt timing. Since snow persistence influences the abiotic environment and plant assemblages alike, we hypothesised that these patterns would be reflected in community CSR scores. Weighted community CSR scores were clustered towards the stress-tolerator (S) corner of the triangular CSR space, and Snow-free communities were significantly more stress-tolerant than Early and Late snowmelt communities. This suggests that snowpatch communities are functionally distinct from surrounding vegetation when considering the major axes of plant variation identified by CSR theory. These results lend further support to the importance of the timing of snowmelt as a key filter, influencing how species and plant strategy types distribute themselves across the alpine landscape.
Description:
Plant strategy schemes aim to classify plants according to measurable traits and group species according to their shared evolutionary responses to selective pressures. In this way, it becomes possible to make meaningful comparisons among ecosystems and communities and to predict how plant communities might respond to changes in their environment. Here, we classified common alpine plants which occur in snowpatches (Early and Late snowmelt sites) and in adjacent vegetation (Snow-free sites which melt early in the growing season) using Grime's CSR plant strategy scheme. Alpine plant communities are largely driven by environmental filters associated with a relatively constant gradient of snowmelt timing. Since snow persistence influences the abiotic environment and plant assemblages alike, we hypothesised that these patterns would be reflected in community CSR scores. Weighted community CSR scores were clustered towards the stress-tolerator (S) corner of the triangular CSR space, and Snow-free communities were significantly more stress-tolerant than Early and Late snowmelt communities. This suggests that snowpatch communities are functionally distinct from surrounding vegetation when considering the major axes of plant variation identified by CSR theory. These results lend further support to the importance of the timing of snowmelt as a key filter, influencing how species and plant strategy types distribute themselves across the alpine landscape.
Description:
Shows both the diversity and the coherence in the way social responsibility, corporate responsibility, sustainability, and governance inter-relate Offers a truly global perspective on the integrated concepts of sustainability, governance and social responsibility Links the theory of corporate social responsibility back to the domain of real-world business situations