The effect of an 8 week prescribed exercise and low-carbohydrate diet on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals: A randomised controlled trial
- Perissiou, Maria, Borkoles, Erika, Kobayashi, Kent, Polman, Remco
- Authors: Perissiou, Maria , Borkoles, Erika , Kobayashi, Kent , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nutrients Vol. 12, no. 2 (2020), p. 482
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are an effective method for treating obesity and reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, exposure to LC diets is associated with reductions in muscle mass and increased osteoporosis risk in obese individuals. The combination of exercise with a LC diet appears to attenuate muscle mass loss induced by LC diets alone, and to further improve cardiometabolic profile. However, evidence to date in obese individuals is limited. We assessed the effect of LC diet in combination with supervised exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals. Male and female participants in the experimental (EX-LC structured supervised exercise program + low-carbohydrate meals n = 33 35.3 years) and control (EX-CO structured supervised exercise program + standard dietary advice n = 31 34.2 years) conditions underwent measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness ( O peak), body fat, lean muscle mass (LMM), and cardiometabolic biomarkers before and after an 8 week intervention. : Participants in the EX-LC condition demonstrated greater improvements in O peak ( = 0.002) and fat mass index (FMI, = 0.001) compared to the EX-CO condition. Achieving a ketogenic state (β-hydroxybutyrate, βHB ≥0.3 mmol/L) was associated with greater reductions in total body fat ( = 0.011), visceral adipose tissue ( = 0.025), FMI ( = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP, = 0.041) but also with greater reductions in LMM ( = 0.042). : Short-term LC diet combined with prescribed exercise enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and the cardiometabolic profile of obese individuals but was also associated with greater muscle mass loss compared to similar exercise training and standard dietary advice. The long-term effects of the LC diet should be further explored in future studies.
- Authors: Perissiou, Maria , Borkoles, Erika , Kobayashi, Kent , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nutrients Vol. 12, no. 2 (2020), p. 482
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are an effective method for treating obesity and reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, exposure to LC diets is associated with reductions in muscle mass and increased osteoporosis risk in obese individuals. The combination of exercise with a LC diet appears to attenuate muscle mass loss induced by LC diets alone, and to further improve cardiometabolic profile. However, evidence to date in obese individuals is limited. We assessed the effect of LC diet in combination with supervised exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals. Male and female participants in the experimental (EX-LC structured supervised exercise program + low-carbohydrate meals n = 33 35.3 years) and control (EX-CO structured supervised exercise program + standard dietary advice n = 31 34.2 years) conditions underwent measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness ( O peak), body fat, lean muscle mass (LMM), and cardiometabolic biomarkers before and after an 8 week intervention. : Participants in the EX-LC condition demonstrated greater improvements in O peak ( = 0.002) and fat mass index (FMI, = 0.001) compared to the EX-CO condition. Achieving a ketogenic state (β-hydroxybutyrate, βHB ≥0.3 mmol/L) was associated with greater reductions in total body fat ( = 0.011), visceral adipose tissue ( = 0.025), FMI ( = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP, = 0.041) but also with greater reductions in LMM ( = 0.042). : Short-term LC diet combined with prescribed exercise enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and the cardiometabolic profile of obese individuals but was also associated with greater muscle mass loss compared to similar exercise training and standard dietary advice. The long-term effects of the LC diet should be further explored in future studies.
The lifestyle of our kids (LOOK) project : Outline of methods
- Telford, Richard, Bass, Shona, Budge, Marc, Byrne, Donald, Carlson, John, Coles, David, Cunningham, Ross, Daly, Robin, Dunstan, David, English, Rowena, Fitzgerald, Robert, Eser, Prisca, Gravenmaker, Karen, Haynes, Wayne, Hickman, Peter, Javaid, Ahmad, Jiang, Xiaoli, Lafferty, Tony, McGrath, Mark, Martin, Mary Kay, Naughton, Geraldine, Potter, Julia, Potter, Stacey, Prosser, Laurie, Pyne, David, Reynolds, Graham, Saunders, Philo, Seibel, Markus, Shaw, Jonathan, Southcott, Emma, Srikusalanukul, Wichat, Stuckey, Darryl, Telford, Rohan, Thomas, Kerry, Tallis, Ken, Waring, Paul
- Authors: Telford, Richard , Bass, Shona , Budge, Marc , Byrne, Donald , Carlson, John , Coles, David , Cunningham, Ross , Daly, Robin , Dunstan, David , English, Rowena , Fitzgerald, Robert , Eser, Prisca , Gravenmaker, Karen , Haynes, Wayne , Hickman, Peter , Javaid, Ahmad , Jiang, Xiaoli , Lafferty, Tony , McGrath, Mark , Martin, Mary Kay , Naughton, Geraldine , Potter, Julia , Potter, Stacey , Prosser, Laurie , Pyne, David , Reynolds, Graham , Saunders, Philo , Seibel, Markus , Shaw, Jonathan , Southcott, Emma , Srikusalanukul, Wichat , Stuckey, Darryl , Telford, Rohan , Thomas, Kerry , Tallis, Ken , Waring, Paul
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 12, no. 1 (2009), p. 156-163
- Full Text:
- Description: This methods paper outlines the overall design of a community-based multidisciplinary longitudinal study with the intent to stimulate interest and communication from scientists and practitioners studying the role of physical activity in preventive medicine. In adults, lack of regular exercise is a major risk factor in the development of chronic degenerative diseases and is a major contributor to obesity, and now we have evidence that many of our children are not sufficiently active to prevent early symptoms of chronic disease. The lifestyle of our kids (LOOK) study investigates how early physical activity contributes to health and development, utilizing a longitudinal design and a cohort of eight hundred and thirty 7-8-year-old (grade 2) school children followed to age 11-12 years (grade 6), their average family income being very close to that of Australia. We will test two hypotheses, that (a) the quantity and quality of physical activity undertaken by primary school children will influence their psychological and physical health and development; (b) compared with existing practices in primary schools, a physical education program administered by visiting specialists will enhance health and development, and lead to a more positive perception of physical activity. To test the first hypothesis we will monitor all children longitudinally over the 4 years. To test the second we will involve an intervention group of 430 children who receive two 50 min physical education classes every week from visiting specialists and a control group of 400 who continue with their usual primary school physical education with their class-room teachers. At the end of grades 2, 4, and 6 we will measure several areas of health and development including blood risk factors for chronic disease, cardiovascular structure and function, physical fitness, psychological characteristics and perceptions of physical activity, bone structure and strength, motor control, body composition, nutritional intake, influence of teachers and family, and academic performance. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Authors: Telford, Richard , Bass, Shona , Budge, Marc , Byrne, Donald , Carlson, John , Coles, David , Cunningham, Ross , Daly, Robin , Dunstan, David , English, Rowena , Fitzgerald, Robert , Eser, Prisca , Gravenmaker, Karen , Haynes, Wayne , Hickman, Peter , Javaid, Ahmad , Jiang, Xiaoli , Lafferty, Tony , McGrath, Mark , Martin, Mary Kay , Naughton, Geraldine , Potter, Julia , Potter, Stacey , Prosser, Laurie , Pyne, David , Reynolds, Graham , Saunders, Philo , Seibel, Markus , Shaw, Jonathan , Southcott, Emma , Srikusalanukul, Wichat , Stuckey, Darryl , Telford, Rohan , Thomas, Kerry , Tallis, Ken , Waring, Paul
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 12, no. 1 (2009), p. 156-163
- Full Text:
- Description: This methods paper outlines the overall design of a community-based multidisciplinary longitudinal study with the intent to stimulate interest and communication from scientists and practitioners studying the role of physical activity in preventive medicine. In adults, lack of regular exercise is a major risk factor in the development of chronic degenerative diseases and is a major contributor to obesity, and now we have evidence that many of our children are not sufficiently active to prevent early symptoms of chronic disease. The lifestyle of our kids (LOOK) study investigates how early physical activity contributes to health and development, utilizing a longitudinal design and a cohort of eight hundred and thirty 7-8-year-old (grade 2) school children followed to age 11-12 years (grade 6), their average family income being very close to that of Australia. We will test two hypotheses, that (a) the quantity and quality of physical activity undertaken by primary school children will influence their psychological and physical health and development; (b) compared with existing practices in primary schools, a physical education program administered by visiting specialists will enhance health and development, and lead to a more positive perception of physical activity. To test the first hypothesis we will monitor all children longitudinally over the 4 years. To test the second we will involve an intervention group of 430 children who receive two 50 min physical education classes every week from visiting specialists and a control group of 400 who continue with their usual primary school physical education with their class-room teachers. At the end of grades 2, 4, and 6 we will measure several areas of health and development including blood risk factors for chronic disease, cardiovascular structure and function, physical fitness, psychological characteristics and perceptions of physical activity, bone structure and strength, motor control, body composition, nutritional intake, influence of teachers and family, and academic performance. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
Reply to a Bosy-Westphal and MJ Müller
- Swinburn, Boyd, Jolley, Damien, Kremer, Peter, Salbe, Arline, Ravussin, Eric
- Authors: Swinburn, Boyd , Jolley, Damien , Kremer, Peter , Salbe, Arline , Ravussin, Eric
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 84, no. 4 (2006), p. 945-946
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
Changes in dietary patterns and body composition within 12 months of liver transplantation
- McCoy, Simone, Campbell, Katrina, Lassemillante, Annie-Claude, Wallen, Matthew, Fawcett, Jonathon, Jarrett, Maree, Macdonald, Graeme, Hickman, Ingrid
- Authors: McCoy, Simone , Campbell, Katrina , Lassemillante, Annie-Claude , Wallen, Matthew , Fawcett, Jonathon , Jarrett, Maree , Macdonald, Graeme , Hickman, Ingrid
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition Vol.6 , no.5 (2017), p. 317-326
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors are increasing in liver transplant recipients (LTR). Influencing dietary factors have not been assessed. The aim of this observational study was to assess changes in weight, metabolic function, dietary intake and eating behaviours in the first year after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods: Consecutive recruitment of 17 patients (14 males) awaiting OLT at a single tertiary hospital. Dietary intake, food behaviours and anthropometry were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 months posttransplant. Results: By 12 months, patients had gained on average 7.3% of body weight. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased from baseline 53% to 77% (P=0.001). By 6 months, 65% (n=11/17) of patients had altered glucose metabolism. Dietary intake was consistent with a Western-style dietary pattern with high saturated fat. Over half of the patients (69%, n=11/16) reported low to no depressive feelings and rated their self-esteem as good (53%, n=9/16). The Power of Food Scale increased between pre and post-transplant, indicating a stronger appetitive drive. Conclusions: Weight gain occurs early post-transplant, with significant metabolic dysfunction present within 6 months, however is not associated with significant psychological distress. Early dietary intervention designed to limit weight gain and target cardiometabolic health is recommended for this unique patient population.
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