- Title
- Inflammation and Oral Contraceptive Use in Female Athletes Before the Rio Olympic Games
- Creator
- Larsen, Brianna; Cox, Amanda; Colbey, Candice; Drew, Michael; McGuire, Helen; Fazekas de St Groth, Barbara; Hughes, David; Vlahovich, Nicole; Waddington, Gordon; Burke, Louise; Lundy, Bronwen; West, Nicholas; Minahan, Clare
- Date
- 2020
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/172844
- Identifier
- vital:14582
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00497
- Identifier
- ISBN:1664-042X (ISSN)
- Abstract
- This study investigated the association between synthetic ovarian hormone use [i.e., the oral contraceptive (OC) pill] and basal C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood immune cell subsets, and circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in elite female athletes. Elite female athletes (n = 53) selected in Rio Summer Olympic squads participated in this study; 25 were taking an OC (AthletesOC) and 28 were naturally hormonally cycling (AthletesNC). Venous blood samples were collected at rest for the determination of sex hormones, cortisol, CRP, peripheral blood mononuclear memory and naïve CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and natural killer cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. C-reactive protein concentrations were elevated (p < 0.001) in AthletesOC (median = 2.02, IQR = 3.15) compared to AthletesNC (median = 0.57, IQR = 1.07). No differences were reported for cortisol, cytokines, or PBMC immune cell subsets, although there was a trend (p = 0.062) for higher IL-6 concentrations in AthletesNC. Female Olympians had substantially higher CRP concentrations, a marker of inflammation and tissue damage, before the Rio Olympic Games if they used an OC. Future research should examine the potential consequences for athlete performance/recovery so that, if necessary, practitioners can implement prevention programs. © Copyright © 2020 Larsen, Cox, Colbey, Drew, McGuire, Fazekas de St Groth, Hughes, Vlahovich, Waddington, Burke, Lundy, West and Minahan.
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A.
- Relation
- Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 11, no. (2020), p.
- Rights
- Copyright © 2020 Larsen, Cox, Colbey, Drew, McGuire, Fazekas de St Groth, Hughes, Vlahovich, Waddington, Burke, Lundy, West and Minahan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- Rights
- Open Access
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- 0606 Physiology; 1116 Medical Physiology; 1701 Psychology; athletes; C-reactive protein; contraception; cytokines; sex hormones
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