Evolution of the boundary between the western and central Lachlan Orogen : Implications for tasmanide tectonics
- Spaggiari, Catherine, Gray, David, Foster, David, McKnight, Stafford
- Authors: Spaggiari, Catherine , Gray, David , Foster, David , McKnight, Stafford
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 50, no. 5 (2003), p. 725-749
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Differences in oblique overprinting, along-strike complexity as well as structural, metamorphic and timing constraints suggest that the boundary between the western and central subprovinces of the Lachlan Orogen, currently designated by the Governor Fault, cannot be a single structure. Previously limited data on the nature and kinematics of the fault/shear systems defining the boundary have led to varying scenarios for the tectonic evolution of the Lachlan Orogen. These scenarios either involve large-scale strike-slip displacement along the boundary with subsequent overthrusting or convergence of oppositely vergent thrust-systems with limited strike-slip translation. Geometrical constraints, fabric chronology and kinematic indicators in both the Mt Wellington (Melbourne Zone) and Governor (Tabberabbera Zone) Fault Zones indicate that maximum displacements relate to thrusting and duplex formation, followed by minor strike-slip faulting perhaps in response to slightly oblique collision of the Melbourne and Tabberabbera structural zones. Collision of these zones took place between ca 400 and 390 Ma. At Howqua, structural relationships indicate that collision involved northeast-directed thrusting of the Melbourne Zone (Mt Wellington Fault Zone) over the Tabberabbera Zone (Governor Fault Zone), and was followed by regional, northwest-trending, open folding. These structures overprint the dominant fabrics and metamorphic assemblages that are interpreted to relate to disruption and underthrusting of Cambrian oceanic/arc crust during closure of a marginal basin. Major deformation in the Tabberabbera Zone took place from ca 445 Ma and was associated with mélange formation, underplating and imbrication or duplexing (Governor Fault Zone, East Howqua segmennt). At slightly higher crustal levels, and following deposition of Upper Ordovician black shale and chert sequences (ca 440 Ma), Tabberabbera Zone evolution included offscraping of a serpentinite body (Dolodrook segment) that may have been either a Marianas-style seamount or transform fault zone within the Cambrian oceanic/arc crust. Major thrusting in the Mt Wellington Fault Zone was underway sometime after ca 420 Ma, and in contrast to the Governor Fault Zone, no mélange or broken formation was produced, metamorphism was at slightly higher temperatures and deformation probably occurred under higher strain states.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000547
- Authors: Spaggiari, Catherine , Gray, David , Foster, David , McKnight, Stafford
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 50, no. 5 (2003), p. 725-749
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Differences in oblique overprinting, along-strike complexity as well as structural, metamorphic and timing constraints suggest that the boundary between the western and central subprovinces of the Lachlan Orogen, currently designated by the Governor Fault, cannot be a single structure. Previously limited data on the nature and kinematics of the fault/shear systems defining the boundary have led to varying scenarios for the tectonic evolution of the Lachlan Orogen. These scenarios either involve large-scale strike-slip displacement along the boundary with subsequent overthrusting or convergence of oppositely vergent thrust-systems with limited strike-slip translation. Geometrical constraints, fabric chronology and kinematic indicators in both the Mt Wellington (Melbourne Zone) and Governor (Tabberabbera Zone) Fault Zones indicate that maximum displacements relate to thrusting and duplex formation, followed by minor strike-slip faulting perhaps in response to slightly oblique collision of the Melbourne and Tabberabbera structural zones. Collision of these zones took place between ca 400 and 390 Ma. At Howqua, structural relationships indicate that collision involved northeast-directed thrusting of the Melbourne Zone (Mt Wellington Fault Zone) over the Tabberabbera Zone (Governor Fault Zone), and was followed by regional, northwest-trending, open folding. These structures overprint the dominant fabrics and metamorphic assemblages that are interpreted to relate to disruption and underthrusting of Cambrian oceanic/arc crust during closure of a marginal basin. Major deformation in the Tabberabbera Zone took place from ca 445 Ma and was associated with mélange formation, underplating and imbrication or duplexing (Governor Fault Zone, East Howqua segmennt). At slightly higher crustal levels, and following deposition of Upper Ordovician black shale and chert sequences (ca 440 Ma), Tabberabbera Zone evolution included offscraping of a serpentinite body (Dolodrook segment) that may have been either a Marianas-style seamount or transform fault zone within the Cambrian oceanic/arc crust. Major thrusting in the Mt Wellington Fault Zone was underway sometime after ca 420 Ma, and in contrast to the Governor Fault Zone, no mélange or broken formation was produced, metamorphism was at slightly higher temperatures and deformation probably occurred under higher strain states.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000547
Leven Star deposit: An example of Middle to Late Devonian intrusion-related gold systems in the western Lachlan Orogen, Victoria
- Whittam, R. R., Bierlein, Frank, McKnight, Stafford
- Authors: Whittam, R. R. , Bierlein, Frank , McKnight, Stafford
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 53, no. 2 (2006), p. 343-362
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- Description: This study documents an example of atypical gold mineralisation in the central Victorian gold province of the western Lachlan Orogen, Australia. Unlike the vast majority of orogenic gold deposits in this region, the Leven Star deposit at Malmsbury is characterised by a disseminated-stockwork style of mineralisation, a close spatial and temporal association with post-tectonic felsic intrusions, complex alteration characteristics and a Au-As-Sb (±Bi-Te-Cu-Zn-Pb-Sn-W) ore assemblage. In contrast to orogenic-style, metamorphism-related gold mineralisation (ca 440 Ma), which pre-dated magmatism in the western Lachlan Orogen by tens of millions of years, ore formation in the Leven Star deposit was synchronous with, and is paragenetically younger than, Middle to Late Devonian (ca 370 Ma) magmatism. On the basis of these timing relationships, as well as whole-rock geochemistry, and structural, petrographic and fluid-inclusion data, it is suggested that the Leven Star deposit is not orogenic in character and instead should be classified as intrusion-related. © Geological Society of Australia.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001628
- Authors: Whittam, R. R. , Bierlein, Frank , McKnight, Stafford
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 53, no. 2 (2006), p. 343-362
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study documents an example of atypical gold mineralisation in the central Victorian gold province of the western Lachlan Orogen, Australia. Unlike the vast majority of orogenic gold deposits in this region, the Leven Star deposit at Malmsbury is characterised by a disseminated-stockwork style of mineralisation, a close spatial and temporal association with post-tectonic felsic intrusions, complex alteration characteristics and a Au-As-Sb (±Bi-Te-Cu-Zn-Pb-Sn-W) ore assemblage. In contrast to orogenic-style, metamorphism-related gold mineralisation (ca 440 Ma), which pre-dated magmatism in the western Lachlan Orogen by tens of millions of years, ore formation in the Leven Star deposit was synchronous with, and is paragenetically younger than, Middle to Late Devonian (ca 370 Ma) magmatism. On the basis of these timing relationships, as well as whole-rock geochemistry, and structural, petrographic and fluid-inclusion data, it is suggested that the Leven Star deposit is not orogenic in character and instead should be classified as intrusion-related. © Geological Society of Australia.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001628
Significance of monazite EPMA ages from the Quamby Conglomerate, Queensland
- Evins, P. M., Wilde, A. R., Foster, David, McKnight, Stafford, Blenkinsop, T. G.
- Authors: Evins, P. M. , Wilde, A. R. , Foster, David , McKnight, Stafford , Blenkinsop, T. G.
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 54, no. 1 (2007), p. 19-26
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- Description: Th-U-Pb electron microprobe (EPMA) dating of mainly detrital monazite from the Quamby Conglomerate in the Eastern Succession of the Mt Isa inlier reveals three distinct monazite growth/recrystallisation events at around 1640, 1580 and 1490 Ma. These ages are particularly significant with respect to the timing of deposition, iron and gold mineralisation, and deformation in the Mt Isa inlier. The oldest age probably represents provenance from igneous rocks. In the sample, the majority of monazite growth occurred at 1580 Ma, coeval with peak metamorphism in the Eastern Succession. The low metamorphic grade of the conglomerate and wide compositional range of monazite bearing this age indicates that the monazite grew elsewhere and was later deposited in the conglomerate. Purple bands in the rock are composed mainly of coarse specular hematite with recrystallised margins that contribute to high (up to 20%) Fe2O3 contents in the conglomerate. Gold is also present in some of the samples. Some of the monazite grains contain small, younger (ca 1490 Ma) domains that may have grown/ recrystallised in situ during a lower grade syn- or post-diagenetic metamorphic/hydrothermal event that may have been related to hematite (re)crystallisation. Together, these ages bracket deposition of the Quamby Conglomerate to between ca 1580 and 1490 Ma, the latter age most likely representing diagenesis. This depositional age also represents a maximum age for north-south-striking, upright folds of the Quamby Conglomerate and implies that significant ductile deformation has affected parts of the Mt Isa inlier after 1580 Ma and probably after 1490 Ma.
- Description: C1
- Description: Creative work
- Description: 2003004832
- Authors: Evins, P. M. , Wilde, A. R. , Foster, David , McKnight, Stafford , Blenkinsop, T. G.
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 54, no. 1 (2007), p. 19-26
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Th-U-Pb electron microprobe (EPMA) dating of mainly detrital monazite from the Quamby Conglomerate in the Eastern Succession of the Mt Isa inlier reveals three distinct monazite growth/recrystallisation events at around 1640, 1580 and 1490 Ma. These ages are particularly significant with respect to the timing of deposition, iron and gold mineralisation, and deformation in the Mt Isa inlier. The oldest age probably represents provenance from igneous rocks. In the sample, the majority of monazite growth occurred at 1580 Ma, coeval with peak metamorphism in the Eastern Succession. The low metamorphic grade of the conglomerate and wide compositional range of monazite bearing this age indicates that the monazite grew elsewhere and was later deposited in the conglomerate. Purple bands in the rock are composed mainly of coarse specular hematite with recrystallised margins that contribute to high (up to 20%) Fe2O3 contents in the conglomerate. Gold is also present in some of the samples. Some of the monazite grains contain small, younger (ca 1490 Ma) domains that may have grown/ recrystallised in situ during a lower grade syn- or post-diagenetic metamorphic/hydrothermal event that may have been related to hematite (re)crystallisation. Together, these ages bracket deposition of the Quamby Conglomerate to between ca 1580 and 1490 Ma, the latter age most likely representing diagenesis. This depositional age also represents a maximum age for north-south-striking, upright folds of the Quamby Conglomerate and implies that significant ductile deformation has affected parts of the Mt Isa inlier after 1580 Ma and probably after 1490 Ma.
- Description: C1
- Description: Creative work
- Description: 2003004832
- Wang, Guang-ya, You, Greg, Shi, Bin, Yu, Jun, Li, H. Y., Zong, K. H.
- Authors: Wang, Guang-ya , You, Greg , Shi, Bin , Yu, Jun , Li, H. Y. , Zong, K. H.
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Environmental Geology Vol. , no. (2008), p. 1-8
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- Description: Earth fissures in Jiangsu Province, China have caused serious damages to properties, farmlands, and infrastructures and adversely affected the local or regional economic development. Under the geological and environmental background in Jiangsu Province, this paper presents the earth fissures caused by excessive groundwater withdrawal and coupled by distinctive geological structures such as Ancient Yellow River Fault in Xuzhou karst area, and Ancient Yangtze River Course and bedrock hills in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou area. Although all the earth fissures are triggered by groundwater exploitation, the characteristics are strongly affected by the specific geological and hydrogeological settings. In particular, in the water-thirsty Xuzhou city, the cone of depression caused by groundwater extraction enlarged nearly 20 times and the piezometric head of groundwater declined 17 m over a decade. As groundwater is extracted from the shallowly buried karst strata in the Ancient Yellow River Fault zone, the development of earth fissures is highly associated with the development of karstic cavities and sinkholes and their distribution is controlled by the Ancient Yellow River Fault with all the 17 sinkholes on the fault. On the other hand, in the rapidly developing Southern Jiangsu Province, groundwater is mainly pumped from the second confined aquifer in the Quaternary, which is distributed neither homogeneously nor isotropically. The second confined aquifer comprises more than 50 m thick sand over the Ancient Yangtze River Course, but this layer may completely miss on the riverbank and bedrock hills. With a typical drawdown rate of 4-6 m per annum, the piezometric head of groundwater in the second confined aquifer has declined 76 m at Maocunyuan since 1970s and 40 m at Changjing since mid-1980s, and a large land subsidence, e.g., 1,100 mm at Maocunyuan, is triggered. Coupled with the dramatic change of the bedrock topography that was revealed through traditional geological drilling and modern seismic reflection methods, the geological-structure-controlled differential settlement and earth fissures are phenomenal in this area. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.
Description of a robust interception trap for collecting airborne arthropods in climatically challenging regions
- Farrow, Roger, Greenslade, Penelope
- Authors: Farrow, Roger , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Antarctic Science Vol. 25, no. 5 (2013), p. 657-662
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- Description: An interception trap to collect airborne arthropods under extreme weather conditions is described. The trap, constructed from durable materials, is operated by wind pressure. It consists of a funnel of fine brass gauze mounted inside a cylinder of stainless steel that rotates into the wind on a mast at 1.5 m from the ground. The gauze funnel terminates in a removable, propanol-filled, collecting bottle into which airborne material accumulates. The counterbalanced cylinder rotates around a central shaft on roller bearings and faces into the wind. Two traps were successfully operated continuously for four and five years, respectively, on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island and have collected large numbers of airborne arthropods and other biological material over this period. © 2013 Antarctic Science Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Authors: Farrow, Roger , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Antarctic Science Vol. 25, no. 5 (2013), p. 657-662
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: An interception trap to collect airborne arthropods under extreme weather conditions is described. The trap, constructed from durable materials, is operated by wind pressure. It consists of a funnel of fine brass gauze mounted inside a cylinder of stainless steel that rotates into the wind on a mast at 1.5 m from the ground. The gauze funnel terminates in a removable, propanol-filled, collecting bottle into which airborne material accumulates. The counterbalanced cylinder rotates around a central shaft on roller bearings and faces into the wind. Two traps were successfully operated continuously for four and five years, respectively, on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island and have collected large numbers of airborne arthropods and other biological material over this period. © 2013 Antarctic Science Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Florentine, Singarayer, Milberg, Per, Di Stefano, Julian, Westbrooke, Martin, Graz, Patrick
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Milberg, Per , Di Stefano, Julian , Westbrooke, Martin , Graz, Patrick
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Arid Environments Vol. 121, no. October (2015), p. 7-14
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- Description: Australian arid vegetation has evolved within highly variable environments characterised by low rainfall and sporadic fire events. Episodic high rainfall events are a significant factor in plant species recruitment, but their unpredictability makes them difficult to study. We report on the response of vascular plants to a major rainfall event and flood in an arid region of south-eastern Australia. Fire that occurred two months before the flood was incorporated into the study. Paired fenced and unfenced plots were established at control locations and also in areas that had been either flooded, burnt, or flooded and burnt. Objectives were to quantify the long-term effects of fire, flood and vertebrate herbivory, and their interactions, on vegetation composition, plant life forms and species diversity. We found that relative to controls (i) there was a significant effect of flooding on vegetation composition, (ii) changes in life form abundance were driven by flooding and grazing, (iii) there was a strong positive relationship between grazer exclusion and species diversity that was maintained over time and (iv) there was little effect of fire. Understanding the long-term effects of both natural disturbances and vertebrate herbivory will benefit plant conservation in the arid zone. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Blooms of cyanobacteria in a temperate Australian lagoon system post and prior to European settlement
- Cook, Perran, Jennings, Miles, Holland, Daryl, Beardall, John, Briles, Christy, Zawadzki, Atun, Doan, Phuong, Mills, Keely, Gell, Peter
- Authors: Cook, Perran , Jennings, Miles , Holland, Daryl , Beardall, John , Briles, Christy , Zawadzki, Atun , Doan, Phuong , Mills, Keely , Gell, Peter
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Biogeosciences Vol. 13, no. 12 (2016), p. 3677-3686
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- Description: Blooms of noxious N2 fixing cyanobacteria such as Nodularia spumigena are a recurring problem in some estuaries; however, the historic occurrence of such blooms in unclear in many cases. Here we report the results of a palaeoecological study on a temperate Australian lagoon system (the Gippsland Lakes) where we used stable isotopes and pigment biomarkers in dated cores as proxies for eutrophication and blooms of cyanobacteria. Pigment proxies show a clear signal, with an increase in cyanobacterial pigments (echinenone, canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin) in the period coinciding with recent blooms. Another excursion in these proxies was observed prior to the opening of an artificial entrance to the lakes in 1889, which markedly increased the salinity of the Gippsland Lakes. A coincident increase in the sediment organic-carbon content in the period prior to the opening of the artificial entrance suggests that the bottom waters of the lakes were more stratified and hypoxic, which would have led to an increase in the recycling of phosphorus. After the opening of the artificial entrance, there was a ∼60-year period with low values for the cyanobacterial proxies as well as a low sediment organic-carbon content suggesting a period of low bloom activity associated with the increased salinity of the lakes. During the 1940s, the current period of re-eutrophication commenced, as indicated by a steadily increasing sediment organic-carbon content and cyanobacterial pigments. We suggest that increasing nitrogen inputs from the catchment led to the return of hypoxia and increased phosphorus release from the sediment, which drove the re-emergence of cyanobacterial blooms. © 2016 Author(s).
- Authors: Cook, Perran , Jennings, Miles , Holland, Daryl , Beardall, John , Briles, Christy , Zawadzki, Atun , Doan, Phuong , Mills, Keely , Gell, Peter
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Biogeosciences Vol. 13, no. 12 (2016), p. 3677-3686
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blooms of noxious N2 fixing cyanobacteria such as Nodularia spumigena are a recurring problem in some estuaries; however, the historic occurrence of such blooms in unclear in many cases. Here we report the results of a palaeoecological study on a temperate Australian lagoon system (the Gippsland Lakes) where we used stable isotopes and pigment biomarkers in dated cores as proxies for eutrophication and blooms of cyanobacteria. Pigment proxies show a clear signal, with an increase in cyanobacterial pigments (echinenone, canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin) in the period coinciding with recent blooms. Another excursion in these proxies was observed prior to the opening of an artificial entrance to the lakes in 1889, which markedly increased the salinity of the Gippsland Lakes. A coincident increase in the sediment organic-carbon content in the period prior to the opening of the artificial entrance suggests that the bottom waters of the lakes were more stratified and hypoxic, which would have led to an increase in the recycling of phosphorus. After the opening of the artificial entrance, there was a ∼60-year period with low values for the cyanobacterial proxies as well as a low sediment organic-carbon content suggesting a period of low bloom activity associated with the increased salinity of the lakes. During the 1940s, the current period of re-eutrophication commenced, as indicated by a steadily increasing sediment organic-carbon content and cyanobacterial pigments. We suggest that increasing nitrogen inputs from the catchment led to the return of hypoxia and increased phosphorus release from the sediment, which drove the re-emergence of cyanobacterial blooms. © 2016 Author(s).
Flexible operation of CSIRO's post-combustion CO2 capture pilot plant at the AGL Loy Yang power station
- Bui, Mai, Gunawan, Indra, Verheyen, Vincent, Feron, Paul, Meuleman, Erik
- Authors: Bui, Mai , Gunawan, Indra , Verheyen, Vincent , Feron, Paul , Meuleman, Erik
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Vol. 48, no. (May 2016), p. 188-203
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- Description: Flexible operation has the potehtial to significantly improve the economic viability of post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC). However, the impact of disturbances from flexible operation of the PCC process is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexible operation in a PCC pilot plant by implementing step-changes for improved dynamic data reliability. The flexible operation campaign was conducted at the CSIRO PCC pilot plant at AGL Loy Yang using monoethanolamine (MEA) absorbent. The pilot plant was operated under a broad range of transient conditions (changing flue gas flow, liquid absorbent flow and steam pressure) to capture the dynamics of a PCC process during flexible operation. The study demonstrated that the dynamics of flue gas flow rate was faster than absorbent flow rate. The greatest CO2 removal% was achieved at the lowest flue gas flow rate or at the highest absorbent flow rate; however, the latter provided improved energy efficiency. The steam pressure parameter could adjust the temperature of all columns simultaneously which can be used to compensate for effects from ambient conditions or heat losses. These results verify the technical feasibility of flexible PCC operation and provide a suitable dataset for dynamic model validation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Bui, Mai , Gunawan, Indra , Verheyen, Vincent , Feron, Paul , Meuleman, Erik
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Vol. 48, no. (May 2016), p. 188-203
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Flexible operation has the potehtial to significantly improve the economic viability of post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC). However, the impact of disturbances from flexible operation of the PCC process is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexible operation in a PCC pilot plant by implementing step-changes for improved dynamic data reliability. The flexible operation campaign was conducted at the CSIRO PCC pilot plant at AGL Loy Yang using monoethanolamine (MEA) absorbent. The pilot plant was operated under a broad range of transient conditions (changing flue gas flow, liquid absorbent flow and steam pressure) to capture the dynamics of a PCC process during flexible operation. The study demonstrated that the dynamics of flue gas flow rate was faster than absorbent flow rate. The greatest CO2 removal% was achieved at the lowest flue gas flow rate or at the highest absorbent flow rate; however, the latter provided improved energy efficiency. The steam pressure parameter could adjust the temperature of all columns simultaneously which can be used to compensate for effects from ambient conditions or heat losses. These results verify the technical feasibility of flexible PCC operation and provide a suitable dataset for dynamic model validation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Feasibility of ANFIS model for prediction of ground vibrations resulting from quarry blasting
- Armaghani, Danial, Momeni, Ehsan, Abad, Seyed, Khandelwal, Manoj
- Authors: Armaghani, Danial , Momeni, Ehsan , Abad, Seyed , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Environmental Earth Sciences Vol. 74, no. 4 (2015), p. 2845-2860
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: One of the most significant environmental issues of blasting operations is ground vibration, which can cause damage to the surrounding residents and structures. Hence, it is a major concern to predict and subsequently control the ground vibration due to blasting. This paper presents two artificial intelligence techniques, namely, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network for the prediction of ground vibration in quarry blasting site. For this purpose, blasting parameters as well as ground vibrations of 109 blasting operations were measured in ISB granite quarry, Johor, Malaysia. Moreover, an empirical equation was also proposed based on the measured data. Several AI-based models were trained and tested using the measured data to determine the optimum models. Each model involved two inputs (maximum charge per delay and distance from the blast-face) and one output (ground vibration). To control capacity performances of the predictive models, the values of root mean squared error (RMSE), value account for (VAF), and coefficient of determination (R2) were computed for each model. It was found that the ANFIS model can provide better performance capacity in predicting ground vibration in comparison with other predictive techniques. The values of 0.973, 0.987 and 97.345 for R2, RMSE and VAF, respectively, reveal that the ANFIS model is capable to predict ground vibration with high degree of accuracy. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- Authors: Armaghani, Danial , Momeni, Ehsan , Abad, Seyed , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Environmental Earth Sciences Vol. 74, no. 4 (2015), p. 2845-2860
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: One of the most significant environmental issues of blasting operations is ground vibration, which can cause damage to the surrounding residents and structures. Hence, it is a major concern to predict and subsequently control the ground vibration due to blasting. This paper presents two artificial intelligence techniques, namely, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network for the prediction of ground vibration in quarry blasting site. For this purpose, blasting parameters as well as ground vibrations of 109 blasting operations were measured in ISB granite quarry, Johor, Malaysia. Moreover, an empirical equation was also proposed based on the measured data. Several AI-based models were trained and tested using the measured data to determine the optimum models. Each model involved two inputs (maximum charge per delay and distance from the blast-face) and one output (ground vibration). To control capacity performances of the predictive models, the values of root mean squared error (RMSE), value account for (VAF), and coefficient of determination (R2) were computed for each model. It was found that the ANFIS model can provide better performance capacity in predicting ground vibration in comparison with other predictive techniques. The values of 0.973, 0.987 and 97.345 for R2, RMSE and VAF, respectively, reveal that the ANFIS model is capable to predict ground vibration with high degree of accuracy. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
The conservation significance of the biota of barrow island, western australia
- Lynch, A. Jasmyn, Beeton, Robert, Greenslade, Penelope
- Authors: Lynch, A. Jasmyn , Beeton, Robert , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia Vol. 102, no. (2019), p. 98-133
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Offshore islands are often important in conservation because of the presence of locally endemic species and for acting as refuges for native wildlife from the impacts of invasive species and inappropriate development. Barrow Island, a small, semi-arid island off the Pilbara coast of northwestern Australia, has maintained the integrity of its terrestrial and aquatic biota despite sporadic incursions by invasive species and the operation of commercial oil extraction and liquified natural gas processing for over 50 years. We collate information from a wide range of sources to provide a framework to inform the ongoing management of the terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora species that have conservation significance on the island. These include endemic flora and fauna; species listed as threatened by state, national and international authorities; species that are rare or extinct in other parts of their original range; species of biogeographic significance; and migratory birds and marine fauna of national and international significance. In addition, Barrow Island has been of value in acting as a source area for translocations of vulnerable and endangered mammal species that have been eradicated in other parts of their range. The many species with conservation significance and their use in successful translocation programs demonstrates the island’s national and international importance for conservation. In addition, Barrow Island provides exemplary opportunities for research on effective co-management of development and conservation, on mitigation and prevention of the invasion and impacts of exotic species, and on the influence of historical biogeographic processes on the distributions and evolution of biota. © Royal Society of Western Australia 2019.
- Authors: Lynch, A. Jasmyn , Beeton, Robert , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia Vol. 102, no. (2019), p. 98-133
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Offshore islands are often important in conservation because of the presence of locally endemic species and for acting as refuges for native wildlife from the impacts of invasive species and inappropriate development. Barrow Island, a small, semi-arid island off the Pilbara coast of northwestern Australia, has maintained the integrity of its terrestrial and aquatic biota despite sporadic incursions by invasive species and the operation of commercial oil extraction and liquified natural gas processing for over 50 years. We collate information from a wide range of sources to provide a framework to inform the ongoing management of the terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora species that have conservation significance on the island. These include endemic flora and fauna; species listed as threatened by state, national and international authorities; species that are rare or extinct in other parts of their original range; species of biogeographic significance; and migratory birds and marine fauna of national and international significance. In addition, Barrow Island has been of value in acting as a source area for translocations of vulnerable and endangered mammal species that have been eradicated in other parts of their range. The many species with conservation significance and their use in successful translocation programs demonstrates the island’s national and international importance for conservation. In addition, Barrow Island provides exemplary opportunities for research on effective co-management of development and conservation, on mitigation and prevention of the invasion and impacts of exotic species, and on the influence of historical biogeographic processes on the distributions and evolution of biota. © Royal Society of Western Australia 2019.
A case study of grinding coarse 5 mm particles into sand grade particles less than 2.36 mm
- Reed, Aaron, Koroznikova, Larissa, Khandelwal, Manoj
- Authors: Reed, Aaron , Koroznikova, Larissa , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 43, no. 1 (2021), p. 57-70
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper presents the viability study of utilising a rod or ball mill to grind a ‘5 mm grit’ to 100% passing 2.36 mm and fit in with a desired particle size analysis. The aim is to introduce this grit into the concrete grade sand produced at the Hanson owned Axedale Sand & Gravel quarry to reduce generated waste and improve the process efficiency. A ball mill and rod mill were used to grind the samples at an interval of 5 and 10 minutes. From the laboratory experimental analysis, it was found that a ball mill with 5 minutes grinding time in closed-circuit using a classifier to remove undersize and reintroduce oversize to the mill would be a viable option in an industrial setting. A Bond Ball Mill Grindability Test was undertaken to determine the grindability of the 5 mm grit, which served to determine the power (kWh/t) required to grind it to 100% passing 2.36 mm. The bond ball mill grindability test showed that the grit had a work index value of 17.66 kWh/t. This work index gives an actual work input of 13.54 kWh/t, meaning that for every ton of feed material introduced to the mill, 13.54 kWh of work input is required to grind it to 150 microns. © 2021 Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
- Authors: Reed, Aaron , Koroznikova, Larissa , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 43, no. 1 (2021), p. 57-70
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper presents the viability study of utilising a rod or ball mill to grind a ‘5 mm grit’ to 100% passing 2.36 mm and fit in with a desired particle size analysis. The aim is to introduce this grit into the concrete grade sand produced at the Hanson owned Axedale Sand & Gravel quarry to reduce generated waste and improve the process efficiency. A ball mill and rod mill were used to grind the samples at an interval of 5 and 10 minutes. From the laboratory experimental analysis, it was found that a ball mill with 5 minutes grinding time in closed-circuit using a classifier to remove undersize and reintroduce oversize to the mill would be a viable option in an industrial setting. A Bond Ball Mill Grindability Test was undertaken to determine the grindability of the 5 mm grit, which served to determine the power (kWh/t) required to grind it to 100% passing 2.36 mm. The bond ball mill grindability test showed that the grit had a work index value of 17.66 kWh/t. This work index gives an actual work input of 13.54 kWh/t, meaning that for every ton of feed material introduced to the mill, 13.54 kWh of work input is required to grind it to 150 microns. © 2021 Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Techno-economic evaluation of amine-reclamation technologies and combined CO2/SO2 capture for Australian coal-fired plants
- Garg, Bharti, Haque, Nawshad, Cousins, Ashleigh, Pearson, Pauline, Verheyen, Vincent, Feron, Paul
- Authors: Garg, Bharti , Haque, Nawshad , Cousins, Ashleigh , Pearson, Pauline , Verheyen, Vincent , Feron, Paul
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Vol. 98, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: CSIRO's patented CS-Cap process aims at reducing the costs of amine-based post-combustion capture by combining SO2 and CO2 capture using one absorbent in a single absorber column. By avoiding the need for a separate flue gas desulfurization unit, the process offers potential savings for power plants requiring CO2 capture. High-level cost estimates based on lab and pilot data are presented for two amine reclamation techniques i.e. thermal reclamation and reactive crystallisation. Only regeneration via reactive crystallisation reduces CS-Cap costs below base case FGD/SCR-PCC. Cost estimations suggest a potential reduction of 38–44% in the total plant cost when using the CS-Cap process compared to base case. However, the amine reclaimer operating cost governs the overall cost of the CS-Cap process and is highly sensitive to sulfur content. A 50% reduction is observed when SO2 levels reduce from 700 to 200 ppm. Comparing levelised cost of electricity and CO2 avoided costs for CS-Cap against our base case, low sulfur brown coal has a slight (5–7%) cost advantage; however, confirmation requires pilot data on amine recovery. © 2020
- Authors: Garg, Bharti , Haque, Nawshad , Cousins, Ashleigh , Pearson, Pauline , Verheyen, Vincent , Feron, Paul
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Vol. 98, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: CSIRO's patented CS-Cap process aims at reducing the costs of amine-based post-combustion capture by combining SO2 and CO2 capture using one absorbent in a single absorber column. By avoiding the need for a separate flue gas desulfurization unit, the process offers potential savings for power plants requiring CO2 capture. High-level cost estimates based on lab and pilot data are presented for two amine reclamation techniques i.e. thermal reclamation and reactive crystallisation. Only regeneration via reactive crystallisation reduces CS-Cap costs below base case FGD/SCR-PCC. Cost estimations suggest a potential reduction of 38–44% in the total plant cost when using the CS-Cap process compared to base case. However, the amine reclaimer operating cost governs the overall cost of the CS-Cap process and is highly sensitive to sulfur content. A 50% reduction is observed when SO2 levels reduce from 700 to 200 ppm. Comparing levelised cost of electricity and CO2 avoided costs for CS-Cap against our base case, low sulfur brown coal has a slight (5–7%) cost advantage; however, confirmation requires pilot data on amine recovery. © 2020
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