'Switch off Hazelwood' : policing, protest and a 'polluting dinosaur'
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Current issues in Criminal Justice Vol. 20, no. 1 (2010 2010), p.
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- Description: Traditionally, the policing of protest has been a vexed and problematic issue. The contemporary policing of climate change protests and camps challenges police capability both to facilitate such protests and to maintain control and order. The case study of the policing of the September 2009 protest against the Hazelwood coal-fuelled power station in the Latrobe Valley presents a microcosm of the dilemmas faced by both police and protesters in negotiating effective and peaceful protest. The eclectic and disparate nature of the climate change protests based on affinity groups affronts the police bureaucratic structure. This article argues that police-protester dialogue and negotiation, although limited by traditional suspicions, polarised organisational structures and diverse mindsets, are vital for the successful facilitation of peaceful protest, especially in relation to ongoing climate change dissent against coal-fired power plants.
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Current issues in Criminal Justice Vol. 20, no. 1 (2010 2010), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Traditionally, the policing of protest has been a vexed and problematic issue. The contemporary policing of climate change protests and camps challenges police capability both to facilitate such protests and to maintain control and order. The case study of the policing of the September 2009 protest against the Hazelwood coal-fuelled power station in the Latrobe Valley presents a microcosm of the dilemmas faced by both police and protesters in negotiating effective and peaceful protest. The eclectic and disparate nature of the climate change protests based on affinity groups affronts the police bureaucratic structure. This article argues that police-protester dialogue and negotiation, although limited by traditional suspicions, polarised organisational structures and diverse mindsets, are vital for the successful facilitation of peaceful protest, especially in relation to ongoing climate change dissent against coal-fired power plants.
- Duffy, Michelle, Wood, Pamela, Whyte, Sue, Yell, Susan, Carroll, Matthew
- Authors: Duffy, Michelle , Wood, Pamela , Whyte, Sue , Yell, Susan , Carroll, Matthew
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Responses to disasters and climate Change: Understanding vulnerability and fostering resilience Chapter 19 p. 199-209
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- Description: On February 9, 2014, the town of Morwell in Victoria, Australia, was confronted with several bushfires, resulting in a blaze at the Morwell open cut coal mine adjacent to the Hazelwood power station. For 45 days, the local communities were impacted by smoke, ash, and reports of raised carbon monoxide levels. The duration of the crisis placed an unprecedented strain on the capacity of the community and the authorities to adequately respond. Many see Morwell as vulnerable to future events because it is surrounded by coal mines, power stations, forests, and pine plantations. Drawing on interviews from key stakeholders in the community and a detailed analysis of media reports and social media, this chapter examines the factors that both harm and promote community resilience. It emphasizes the complexity of resilience and the importance of communal narratives as community members react to and recover from traumatic experiences and unknown futures.
Issues associated with statistical downscaling of general circulation model outputs : A discussion
- Sachindra, Dhanapala, Huang, Fuchun, Barton, Andrew
- Authors: Sachindra, Dhanapala , Huang, Fuchun , Barton, Andrew
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Water and Climate: Policy Implementation Challenges, Engineers Australia, 2012; published in Proceedings of the 2nd Practical Responses to Climate Change Conference pg. 98-105
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- Description: General Circulation Models (GCMs), based on the laws of physics, are regarded as the best tools available for the prediction of global climate, hundreds of years into future. However, the coarse spatial resolutions of present day GCMs do not allow the direct use of their outputs in hydrologic studies at the catchment level. The gap between coarse resolution GCM outputs and fine resolution hydroclimatic data needed at the catchment level, is bridged either by dynamic or statistical downscaling. Statistical downscaling has gained popularity owing to its simplicity and low computational cost. Although statistical downscaling possesses these advantages, there are shortcomings associated with both, the methods and also the GCM outputs used as the main input to the downscaling models. The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the issues associated with statistical downscaling of GCM outputs to hydroclimatic variables at the catchment scale. The following issues are discussed in detail in the paper: (1)outputs from GCMs offer a limited degree of certainty, due to the lack of theoretical robustness and incomplete understanding of various atmospheric processes; (2) the presence of a number of Greenhouse Gas emission scenarios with equal likelihood of occurrence leads to scenario uncertainty; (3) the incorporation of various climate indices, such as Southern Oscillation Index or Indian Ocean Dipole, may seem to be a way of improving the results of a downscaling model, but the unavailability of climate indices for the future and the presence of variants of indices due to different definitions and calculation procedures limit their use; and (4)outputs of downscaling studies can also vary with the statistical downscaling technique employed. Although statistical downscaling faces above issues, still it is regarded as a potential method for predicting future catchment hydroclimatology, under changing climate. However, the outputs of statistical downscaling studies should be used sensibly in any catchment scale studies.
Purchasing carbon offset flights in Australia: An exploration of airline websites
- Winter, Caroline, Frew, Elspeth
- Authors: Winter, Caroline , Frew, Elspeth
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Training and Practice: "Where the bloody hell are we" p. 1-9
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The airline industry has been accused of being the fastest-growing source of greenhouse gases, yet being environmentally friendly does not appear to be an issue very high on the current agenda of airlines, despite the extremely competitive industry they operate within. This exploratory study examined the existence of carbon offset schemes among airlines which operate into and within Australia and questioned the way in which customers are facilitated on these websites to purchase a carbon offset option for their flight. The study found that only four of the 59 airlines operating into and within Australia offer carbon offset schemes and those that do so provide low key promotion of the scheme, with the facilities to select the carbon offset flights located external to the airlines' Home Page. The paper suggests that airlines need to become more serious about carbon offset schemes as a means of capturing the current good-will among passengers and, if nothing else, to create a competitive edge. The paper also suggests that airlines could more effectively introduce carbon offset schemes by recognising them as new products being offered to existing markets. However, the paper also reflects on the responsibility of airlines to educate future customers about the environmental impacts of their air travel by suggesting ways to minimise their impact, including the need to reduce the frequency of flying.
Determinants of the intention to adopt digital-only banks in Malaysia: The extension of environmental concern
- Saif, Mashaal A. M., Hussin, Nazimah, Husin, Maizaitulaidawati Md, Alwadain, Ayed, Chakraborty, Ayon
- Authors: Saif, Mashaal A. M. , Hussin, Nazimah , Husin, Maizaitulaidawati Md , Alwadain, Ayed , Chakraborty, Ayon
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14, no. 17 (2022), p. 11043
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- Description: Digital-only banks have not achieved adoption expectations despite being one of the latest innovations in fintech. Several digital-only banks in the United States and Japan have gone bankrupt, and others continue to operate at a loss. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct this study in Malaysia to understand customers’ behavior, particularly regarding the adoption of digital-only banks. With climate change, environmental-friendly behavior, which has been ignored in digital-only bank literature, is becoming increasingly pertinent. This study addresses the lack of an integrated model that investigates the effect of external factors (i.e., critical mass, number of services, and environmental concerns), customer self-determination factors (i.e., trust), and mental perceptions of technology adoption (i.e., convenience, economic efficiency, functional and security risks, as well as perceived value) on the intention to adopt digital-only banks. Data were collected through an online survey targeting Klang Valley residents in the prime age range of 25–54 years old using stratified random sampling. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and SEM path analysis in AMOS.v26 software. The results show that convenience, economic efficiency, number of services, trust, perceived value, and environmental concern all have positive significant relationships with the intention to adopt digital-only banks. Further, environmental concern is the strongest indicator of behavioral intention. In contrast, functional and security risks have a negative but non-significant relationship with the intention to adopt digital-only banks. Finally, critical mass has a positive but non-significant effect on the behavioral intention. This study is among the first to examine the influence of environmental concern on behavioral intentions in a digital-only banking context. It also contributes to an expanding body of research investigating environmental sustainability by presenting empirical results in the context of digital-only banks.
- Authors: Saif, Mashaal A. M. , Hussin, Nazimah , Husin, Maizaitulaidawati Md , Alwadain, Ayed , Chakraborty, Ayon
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14, no. 17 (2022), p. 11043
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- Description: Digital-only banks have not achieved adoption expectations despite being one of the latest innovations in fintech. Several digital-only banks in the United States and Japan have gone bankrupt, and others continue to operate at a loss. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct this study in Malaysia to understand customers’ behavior, particularly regarding the adoption of digital-only banks. With climate change, environmental-friendly behavior, which has been ignored in digital-only bank literature, is becoming increasingly pertinent. This study addresses the lack of an integrated model that investigates the effect of external factors (i.e., critical mass, number of services, and environmental concerns), customer self-determination factors (i.e., trust), and mental perceptions of technology adoption (i.e., convenience, economic efficiency, functional and security risks, as well as perceived value) on the intention to adopt digital-only banks. Data were collected through an online survey targeting Klang Valley residents in the prime age range of 25–54 years old using stratified random sampling. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and SEM path analysis in AMOS.v26 software. The results show that convenience, economic efficiency, number of services, trust, perceived value, and environmental concern all have positive significant relationships with the intention to adopt digital-only banks. Further, environmental concern is the strongest indicator of behavioral intention. In contrast, functional and security risks have a negative but non-significant relationship with the intention to adopt digital-only banks. Finally, critical mass has a positive but non-significant effect on the behavioral intention. This study is among the first to examine the influence of environmental concern on behavioral intentions in a digital-only banking context. It also contributes to an expanding body of research investigating environmental sustainability by presenting empirical results in the context of digital-only banks.
Photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency of Salvia verbenaca L. under elevated CO2 and water‐deficit conditions
- Javaid, Muhammad Mansoor, Florentine, Singarayer, Ashraf, Muhammad, Mahmood, Athar, Sattar, Abdul, Wasaya, Allah, Li, Feng‐Min
- Authors: Javaid, Muhammad Mansoor , Florentine, Singarayer , Ashraf, Muhammad , Mahmood, Athar , Sattar, Abdul , Wasaya, Allah , Li, Feng‐Min
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of agronomy and crop science Vol. 208, no. 4 (2022), p. 536-551
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- Description: Investigating the combined effects of elevated CO2 concentration and water‐deficit on weed plants is crucial to gaining a thorough understanding of plant performance and modifying agricultural processes under changing climate conditions. This study examined the effect of elevated CO2 concentration and water‐deficit conditions on leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and the photosystem II (PSII) activity of two Salvia verbenaca L., varieties. These varieties were grown under two CO2 concentrations (ambient conditions of 400 ppm and elevated conditions of 700 ppm) and two water regimes (well‐watered [100% field capacity] and water‐deficit conditions [60% field capacity]) in laboratory growth chambers. For 12 days, at 2‐day intervals, (i) leaf gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)), (ii) water use efficiency (WUE), (iii) intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE), (iv) instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and (v) PSII activity (fluorescence, quantum yield of PSII, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching and photosynthetic electron transport) were measured. Water‐deficit conditions had negative effects on studied parameters of both varieties, whereas elevated CO2 concentration had positive effects on the gas exchange, water use efficiency and PSII activity of both. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions from Day 0 to Day 5 showed a partial recovery in most of the parameters when the resumption of the well‐watered regime was reinstituted on Day 6. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions were re‐watered on day 6 and indicated a partial recovery in all the parameters. A comparison of the two varieties showed that var. vernalis recorded higher values of gas exchange, quantum yield of PSII and photochemical efficiency of PSII than var. verbenaca, but the water use efficiency of var. verbenaca was higher than that of var. vernalis. These differences serve to illustrate the complexity of such studies and suggest that a detailed understanding of the nature of weed infestations is essential if optimum management control is to be practiced. Elevated CO2 concentration mitigated the adverse effects of water‐deficit conditions and thereby enhanced the adaptive mechanism of this weed by improving its water use efficiency. It is thus likely that S. verbenaca has the potential to take advantage of climate change by increasing its relative competitiveness with other plants in drought‐prone areas, suggesting that it could significantly expand its invasive range under such conditions.
- Authors: Javaid, Muhammad Mansoor , Florentine, Singarayer , Ashraf, Muhammad , Mahmood, Athar , Sattar, Abdul , Wasaya, Allah , Li, Feng‐Min
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of agronomy and crop science Vol. 208, no. 4 (2022), p. 536-551
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- Description: Investigating the combined effects of elevated CO2 concentration and water‐deficit on weed plants is crucial to gaining a thorough understanding of plant performance and modifying agricultural processes under changing climate conditions. This study examined the effect of elevated CO2 concentration and water‐deficit conditions on leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and the photosystem II (PSII) activity of two Salvia verbenaca L., varieties. These varieties were grown under two CO2 concentrations (ambient conditions of 400 ppm and elevated conditions of 700 ppm) and two water regimes (well‐watered [100% field capacity] and water‐deficit conditions [60% field capacity]) in laboratory growth chambers. For 12 days, at 2‐day intervals, (i) leaf gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)), (ii) water use efficiency (WUE), (iii) intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE), (iv) instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and (v) PSII activity (fluorescence, quantum yield of PSII, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching and photosynthetic electron transport) were measured. Water‐deficit conditions had negative effects on studied parameters of both varieties, whereas elevated CO2 concentration had positive effects on the gas exchange, water use efficiency and PSII activity of both. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions from Day 0 to Day 5 showed a partial recovery in most of the parameters when the resumption of the well‐watered regime was reinstituted on Day 6. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions were re‐watered on day 6 and indicated a partial recovery in all the parameters. A comparison of the two varieties showed that var. vernalis recorded higher values of gas exchange, quantum yield of PSII and photochemical efficiency of PSII than var. verbenaca, but the water use efficiency of var. verbenaca was higher than that of var. vernalis. These differences serve to illustrate the complexity of such studies and suggest that a detailed understanding of the nature of weed infestations is essential if optimum management control is to be practiced. Elevated CO2 concentration mitigated the adverse effects of water‐deficit conditions and thereby enhanced the adaptive mechanism of this weed by improving its water use efficiency. It is thus likely that S. verbenaca has the potential to take advantage of climate change by increasing its relative competitiveness with other plants in drought‐prone areas, suggesting that it could significantly expand its invasive range under such conditions.
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