- Title
- Unraveling the optimum latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : evidence supporting ICD and HiTOP frameworks
- Creator
- Gomez, Rapson; Liu, Lu; Krueger, Robert; Stavropoulos, Vasileios; Downs, Jenny
- Date
- 2021
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/177926
- Identifier
- vital:15350
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.666326
- Identifier
- ISBN:1664-0640 (ISSN)
- Abstract
- Attention Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is conceptualized differently in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10), and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) frameworks. This study applied independent cluster confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA), exploratory structure equation model with target rotation (ESEM), and the S-1 bi-factor CFA approaches to evaluate seven ADHD models yielded by different combinations of these taxonomic frameworks. Parents and teachers of a community sample of children (between 6 and 12 years of age) completed the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (for ADHD symptoms) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (for validation). Our findings for both parent and teacher ratings provided the most support for the S-1 bi-factor CFA model comprised of (i) a g-factor based on ICD-10 impulsivity symptoms as the reference indicators and (ii) inattention and hyperactivity as specific factors. However, the hyperactivity-specific factor lacked clarity and reliability. Thus, our findings indicate that ADHD is best viewed as a disorder primarily reflecting impulsivity, though with a separable inattention (but no hyperactivity) component, i.e., “ADID (attention deficit/impulsivity disorder).” This model aligns with the HiTOP proposals. © Copyright © 2021 Gomez, Liu, Krueger, Stavropoulos, Downs, Preece, Houghton and Chen.
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A.
- Relation
- Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Rights
- All metadata describing materials held in, or linked to, the repository is freely available under a CC0 licence
- Rights
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Rights
- Copyright © 2021 Gomez, Liu, Krueger, Stavropoulos, Downs, Preece, Houghton and Chen.
- Rights
- Open Access
- Subject
- 1103 Clinical Sciences; 1117 Public Health and Health Services; 1701 Psychology; ADHD; CFA models; children; DSM- 4; ESEM model; HiTOP; ICD-10; S-1 bi-factor CFA models
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