- Gielen, Marij, Hageman, Geja, Antoniou, Evangelia, Nordfjall, Katarina, Mangino, Massimo, Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy, De Meyer, Tim de, Hendricks, Audrey, Giltay, Erik, Hunt, Steven, Nettleton, Jennifer, Salpea, Klelia, Diaz, Vanessa, Farzaneh-Far, Ramin, Atzmon, Gil, Harris, Sarah, Hou, Lifang, Gilley, David, Hovatta, Iiris, Kark, Jeremy, Nassar, Hisham, Kurz, David, Mather, Karen, Willeit, Peter, Zheng, Yun-Ling, Pavanello, Sofia, Demerath, Ellen, Rode, Line, Bunout, Daniel, Steptoe, Andrew, Boardman, Lisa, Marti, Amelia, Needham, Belinda, Zheng, Wei, Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind, Pellatt, Andrew, Kaprio, Jaakko, Hofmann, Jonathan, Gieger, Christian, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Hjelmborg, Jacob, Mirabello, Lisa, Seeman, Teresa, Wong, Jason, Van Der Harst, Pim, Broer, Linda, Kronenberg, Florian, Kollerits, Barbara, Strandberg, Timo, Eisenberg, Dan, Duggan, Catherine, Verhoeven, Josine, Schaakxs, Roxanne, Zannolli, Raffaela, Dos Reis, Rosana, Charchar, Fadi, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Mons, Ute, Demuth, Ilja, Molli, Andrea, Cheng, Guo, Krasnienkov, Dmytro, D'Antono, Bianca, Kasielski, Marek, McDonnell, Barry, Ebstein, Richard, Sundquist, Kristina, Pare, Guillaume, Chong, Michael, Zeegers, Maurice
- Authors: Gielen, Marij , Hageman, Geja , Antoniou, Evangelia , Nordfjall, Katarina , Mangino, Massimo , Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy , De Meyer, Tim de , Hendricks, Audrey , Giltay, Erik , Hunt, Steven , Nettleton, Jennifer , Salpea, Klelia , Diaz, Vanessa , Farzaneh-Far, Ramin , Atzmon, Gil , Harris, Sarah , Hou, Lifang , Gilley, David , Hovatta, Iiris , Kark, Jeremy , Nassar, Hisham , Kurz, David , Mather, Karen , Willeit, Peter , Zheng, Yun-Ling , Pavanello, Sofia , Demerath, Ellen , Rode, Line , Bunout, Daniel , Steptoe, Andrew , Boardman, Lisa , Marti, Amelia , Needham, Belinda , Zheng, Wei , Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind , Pellatt, Andrew , Kaprio, Jaakko , Hofmann, Jonathan , Gieger, Christian , Paolisso, Giuseppe , Hjelmborg, Jacob , Mirabello, Lisa , Seeman, Teresa , Wong, Jason , Van Der Harst, Pim , Broer, Linda , Kronenberg, Florian , Kollerits, Barbara , Strandberg, Timo , Eisenberg, Dan , Duggan, Catherine , Verhoeven, Josine , Schaakxs, Roxanne , Zannolli, Raffaela , Dos Reis, Rosana , Charchar, Fadi , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Mons, Ute , Demuth, Ilja , Molli, Andrea , Cheng, Guo , Krasnienkov, Dmytro , D'Antono, Bianca , Kasielski, Marek , McDonnell, Barry , Ebstein, Richard , Sundquist, Kristina , Pare, Guillaume , Chong, Michael , Zeegers, Maurice
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 108, no. 3 (2018), p. 453-475
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1123472
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Even before the onset of age-related diseases, obesity might be a contributing factor to the cumulative burden of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation throughout the life course. Obesity may therefore contribute to accelerated shortening of telomeres. Consequently, obese persons are more likely to have shorter telomeres, but the association between body mass index (BMI) and leukocyte telomere length (TL) might differ across the life span and between ethnicities and sexes. Objective: A collaborative cross-sectionalmeta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate the associations between BMI and TL across the life span. Design: Eighty-seven distinct study samples were included in the meta-analysis capturing data from 146,114 individuals. Studyspecific age- and sex-adjusted regression coefficients were combined by using a random-effects model in which absolute [base pairs (bp)] and relative telomere to single-copy gene ratio (T/S ratio) TLs were regressed against BMI. Stratified analysis was performed by 3 age categories ("young": 18-60 y; "middle": 61-75 y; and "old": >75 y), sex, and ethnicity. Results: Each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a-3.99 bp (95% CI: -5.17, -2.81 bp) difference in TL in the total pooled sample; among young adults, each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a -7.67 bp (95% CI:-10.03,-5.31 bp) difference. Each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a -1.58 × 10-3 unit T/S ratio (0.16% decrease; 95% CI: -2.14 × 10-3, -1.01 × 10-3) difference in ageand sex-adjusted relative TL in the total pooled sample; among young adults, each unit increase in BMI corresponded to a -2.58 × 10-3 unit T/S ratio (0.26% decrease; 95% CI: -3.92 × 10-3, -1.25 × 10-3). The associations were predominantly for the white pooled population. No sex differences were observed. Conclusions: A higher BMI is associated with shorter telomeres, especially in younger individuals. The presently observed difference is not negligible. Meta-analyses of longitudinal studies evaluating change in body weight alongside change in TL arewarranted.
Safety and immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in a high-risk population : A randomized controlled trial of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Papua New Guinean infants
- Pomat, William, Van Den Biggelaar, Anita, Wana, Sandra, Francis, Jacinta, Solomon, Vela, Greenhill, Andrew, Ford, Rebecca, Orami, Tilda, Passey, Megan, Jacoby, Peter, Kirkham, Lea-Ann, Lehmann, Deborah, Richmond, Peter
- Authors: Pomat, William , Van Den Biggelaar, Anita , Wana, Sandra , Francis, Jacinta , Solomon, Vela , Greenhill, Andrew , Ford, Rebecca , Orami, Tilda , Passey, Megan , Jacoby, Peter , Kirkham, Lea-Ann , Lehmann, Deborah , Richmond, Peter
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 68, no. 9 (2019), p. 1472-1481
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background. There are little data on the immunogenicity of PCV10 and PCV13 in the same high-risk population. Methods. PCV10 and PCV13 were studied head-to-head in a randomized controlled trial in Papua New Guinea in which 262 infants received 3 doses of PCV10 or PCV13 at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations, and pneumococcal and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) carriage were assessed prevaccination and at 4 and 9 months of age. Infants were followed up for safety until 9 months of age. Results. One month after the third dose of PCV10 or PCV13, 80% of infants had IgG concentrations ≥0.35µg/mL for vaccine serotypes, and 6 months postvaccination IgG concentrations ≥0.35 µg/mL were maintained for 8/10 shared PCV serotypes in > 75% of children vaccinated with either PCV10 or PCV13. Children carried a total of 65 different pneumococcal serotypes (plus nonserotypeable). At 4 months of age, 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85–96) of children vaccinated with PCV10 and 81% (95% CI 72–88) vaccinated with PCV13 were pneumococcal carriers (P = .023), whereas no differences were seen at 9 months of age, or for NTHi carriage. Both vaccines were well tolerated and not associated with serious adverse events. Conclusions. Infant vaccination with 3 doses of PCV10 or PCV13 is safe and immunogenic in a highly endemic setting; however, to significantly reduce pneumococcal disease in these settings, PCVs with broader serotype coverage and potency to reduce pneumococcal carriage are needed. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01619462.
- Authors: Pomat, William , Van Den Biggelaar, Anita , Wana, Sandra , Francis, Jacinta , Solomon, Vela , Greenhill, Andrew , Ford, Rebecca , Orami, Tilda , Passey, Megan , Jacoby, Peter , Kirkham, Lea-Ann , Lehmann, Deborah , Richmond, Peter
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 68, no. 9 (2019), p. 1472-1481
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background. There are little data on the immunogenicity of PCV10 and PCV13 in the same high-risk population. Methods. PCV10 and PCV13 were studied head-to-head in a randomized controlled trial in Papua New Guinea in which 262 infants received 3 doses of PCV10 or PCV13 at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations, and pneumococcal and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) carriage were assessed prevaccination and at 4 and 9 months of age. Infants were followed up for safety until 9 months of age. Results. One month after the third dose of PCV10 or PCV13, 80% of infants had IgG concentrations ≥0.35µg/mL for vaccine serotypes, and 6 months postvaccination IgG concentrations ≥0.35 µg/mL were maintained for 8/10 shared PCV serotypes in > 75% of children vaccinated with either PCV10 or PCV13. Children carried a total of 65 different pneumococcal serotypes (plus nonserotypeable). At 4 months of age, 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85–96) of children vaccinated with PCV10 and 81% (95% CI 72–88) vaccinated with PCV13 were pneumococcal carriers (P = .023), whereas no differences were seen at 9 months of age, or for NTHi carriage. Both vaccines were well tolerated and not associated with serious adverse events. Conclusions. Infant vaccination with 3 doses of PCV10 or PCV13 is safe and immunogenic in a highly endemic setting; however, to significantly reduce pneumococcal disease in these settings, PCVs with broader serotype coverage and potency to reduce pneumococcal carriage are needed. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01619462.
- Young, Barnaby, Sadarangani, Sapna, Haur, Sen, Yung, Chee, Barr, Ian, Connolly, John, Chen, Mark, Wilder-Smith, Annelies
- Authors: Young, Barnaby , Sadarangani, Sapna , Haur, Sen , Yung, Chee , Barr, Ian , Connolly, John , Chen, Mark , Wilder-Smith, Annelies
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 69, no. 1 (2019), p. 121-129
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background. Antibody titres and vaccine effectiveness decline within 6 months after influenza vaccination in older adults. Biannual vaccination may be necessary to provide year-round protection in the tropics, where influenza circulates throughout the year. Methods. Tropical Influenza Control Strategies (TROPICS1) was a single-center, 1:1 randomized, observer-blinded, active-comparator- controlled, superiority study in 200 community-resident adults aged ≥65 years. Participants received a standard-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV3) at enrollment, and either tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccination or IIV3 6 months later. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric mean titre (GMT) ≥1:40 1 month after the second vaccination (month 7). Secondary outcomes included GMTs to month 12, the incidence of influenza- like illness (ILI), and adverse reactions after vaccination. Results. At month 7, the proportion of participants with an HI tire ≥1:40 against A/H1N1 increased by 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6-33.4) in the semiannual vaccination group. This proportion was not significantly higher for A/H3N2 (4.3, 95% CI -1.1-10.8) or B (2.1, 95% CI -2.0-7.3). Semiannual vaccination significantly increased GMTs against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, but not B, at month 7. Participants receiving a repeat vaccination of IIV3 reported a significantly lower incidence of ILI in the 6 months after the second vaccination (relative vaccine effectiveness 57.1%, 95% CI 0.6-81.5). The frequency of adverse events was similar after the first and second influenza vaccinations. Conclusions. Semiannual influenza vaccination in older residents of tropical countries has the potential to improve serological measures of protection against infection. Alternative vaccination strategies should also be studied.
- Sadler, Paul, McLaren, Suzanne, Klein, Britt, Harvey, Jack, Jenkins, Megan
- Authors: Sadler, Paul , McLaren, Suzanne , Klein, Britt , Harvey, Jack , Jenkins, Megan
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 41, no. 8 (2018), p. 1-12
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Study Objectives: To investigate whether cognitive behavior therapy was effective for older adults with comorbid insomnia and depression in a community mental health setting, and explore whether an advanced form of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia produced better outcomes compared to a standard form of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia. Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted within community mental health services, Victoria, Australia. Seventy-two older adults (56% female, M age 75 ± 7 years) with diagnosed comorbid insomnia and depression participated. Three conditions were tested using a group therapy format: cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I, standard), cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia plus positive mood strategies (CBT-I+, advanced), psychoeducation control group (PCG, control). The primary outcomes were insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index) and depression severity (Geriatric Depression Scale). Primary and secondary measures were collected at pre (week 0), post (week 8), and follow-up (week 20). Results: CBT-I and CBT-I+ both generated significantly greater reductions in insomnia and depression severity compared to PCG from pre to post (p < .001), which were maintained at follow-up. Although the differences between outcomes of the two treatment conditions were not statistically significant, the study was not sufficiently powered to detect either superiority of one treatment or equivalence of the two treatment conditions. Conclusion: CBT-I and CBT-I+ were both effective at reducing insomnia and depression severity for older adults. Mental health services that deliver treatment for comorbid insomnia with cognitive behavior therapy may improve recovery outcomes for older adults with depression. Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au; Trial ID: ACTRN12615000067572; Date Registered: December 12, 2014.
- Lannin, Natasha, Galea, Claire, Coulter, Megan, Gruen, Russell, Jolliffe, Laura, Ownsworth, Tamara, Schmidt, Julia, Unsworth, Carolyn
- Authors: Lannin, Natasha , Galea, Claire , Coulter, Megan , Gruen, Russell , Jolliffe, Laura , Ownsworth, Tamara , Schmidt, Julia , Unsworth, Carolyn
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care Vol. 33, no. 1 (2021), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: BACKGROUND: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 40 participants suffering from PTA after TBI were included. The control group received usual care; the experimental group received usual care plus a standardized orientation programme inclusive of environmental cues. The primary outcome measure was time to emergence from PTA measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, assessed daily from hospital admission or on regaining consciousness. RESULTS: Adherence to the orientation programme was high, and there were no study-related adverse responses to the environmental orientation programme. Although there were no statistically significant between-group differences in time to emergence, the median time to emergence was shorter for those who received the standardized reorientation programme (9.0 (6.4-11.6) versus 13.0 (4.5-21.5) days). Multivariate analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at scene (P = 0.041) and GCS at arrival at hospital (P = 0.0001) were significant factors contributing to the longer length of PTA. CONCLUSION: Providing an orientation programme in acute care is feasible for adults suffering from PTA after TBI. A future efficacy trial would require 216 participants to detect a between-group difference of 5 days with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved.
- Description: BACKGROUND: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 40 participants suffering from PTA after TBI were included. The control group received usual care; the experimental group received usual care plus a standardized orientation programme inclusive of environmental cues. The primary outcome measure was time to emergence from PTA measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, assessed daily from hospital admission or on regaining consciousness. RESULTS: Adherence to the orientation programme was high, and there were no study-related adverse responses to the environmental orientation programme. Although there were no statistically significant between-group differences in time to emergence, the median time to emergence was shorter for those who received the standardized reorientation programme (9.0 (6.4-11.6) versus 13.0 (4.5-21.5) days). Multivariate analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at scene (P = 0.041) and GCS at arrival at hospital (P = 0.0001) were significant factors contributing to the longer length of PTA. CONCLUSION: Providing an orientation programme in acute care is feasible for adults suffering from PTA after TBI. A future efficacy trial would require 216 participants to detect a between-group difference of 5 days with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Differential associations of hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and depressive symptoms with cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea
- Alomri, Ridwan, Kennedy, Gerard, Wali, Siraj, Ahejaili, Faris, Robinson, Stephen
- Authors: Alomri, Ridwan , Kennedy, Gerard , Wali, Siraj , Ahejaili, Faris , Robinson, Stephen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 44, no. 4 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete cessation of breathing during sleep and increased effort to breathe. This study examined patients who underwent overnight polysomnographic studies in a major sleep laboratory in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine the extent to which intermittent hypoxia, sleep disruption, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with cognitive impairments in OSA. In the sample of 90 participants, 14 had no OSA, 30 mild OSA, 23 moderate OSA, and 23 severe OSA. The findings revealed that hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are independently associated with impairments of sustained attention and reaction time (RT). Sleep fragmentation, but not hypoxia, was independently associated with impairments in visuospatial deficits. Depressive symptoms were independently associated with impairments in the domains of sustained attention, RT, visuospatial ability, and semantic and episodic autobiographical memories. Since the depressive symptoms are independent of hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, effective reversal of cognitive impairment in OSA may require treatment interventions that target each of these factors. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
- Authors: Alomri, Ridwan , Kennedy, Gerard , Wali, Siraj , Ahejaili, Faris , Robinson, Stephen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 44, no. 4 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete cessation of breathing during sleep and increased effort to breathe. This study examined patients who underwent overnight polysomnographic studies in a major sleep laboratory in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine the extent to which intermittent hypoxia, sleep disruption, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with cognitive impairments in OSA. In the sample of 90 participants, 14 had no OSA, 30 mild OSA, 23 moderate OSA, and 23 severe OSA. The findings revealed that hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are independently associated with impairments of sustained attention and reaction time (RT). Sleep fragmentation, but not hypoxia, was independently associated with impairments in visuospatial deficits. Depressive symptoms were independently associated with impairments in the domains of sustained attention, RT, visuospatial ability, and semantic and episodic autobiographical memories. Since the depressive symptoms are independent of hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, effective reversal of cognitive impairment in OSA may require treatment interventions that target each of these factors. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
Gut microbiota composition in obese and non-obese adult relatives from the highlands of Papua New Guinea
- Jonduo, Marinjho, Wawae, Lorry, Masiria, Geraldine, Suda, Wataru, Hattori, Masahira, Takayasu, Lena, Abdad, Mohammad, Greenhill, Andrew, Horwood, Paul, Pomat, William, Umezaki, Masahiro
- Authors: Jonduo, Marinjho , Wawae, Lorry , Masiria, Geraldine , Suda, Wataru , Hattori, Masahira , Takayasu, Lena , Abdad, Mohammad , Greenhill, Andrew , Horwood, Paul , Pomat, William , Umezaki, Masahiro
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: FEMS microbiology letters Vol. 367, no. 19 (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Obesity is a condition that results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Recently, obesity has been linked to differences in the composition of gut microbiota. To examine this association in Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlanders, fecal samples were collected from 18 adults; nine obese participants were paired with their non-obese relative. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V1-V2 region was performed on DNA extracts for each participant, with high-quality sequences selected and used for operational taxonomic unit clustering. The data showed Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant phyla, while at genus level Prevotella was the most dominant genus in all of the samples. Nonetheless, statistical evaluation of potential association between nutritional status and bacterial abundance at both phyla and genus levels showed no significant difference. Further studies, ideally in both rural and urban areas, are needed to evaluate the role of the gut microbiome in the occurrence of obesity in PNG and other resource-limited settings. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
- Authors: Jonduo, Marinjho , Wawae, Lorry , Masiria, Geraldine , Suda, Wataru , Hattori, Masahira , Takayasu, Lena , Abdad, Mohammad , Greenhill, Andrew , Horwood, Paul , Pomat, William , Umezaki, Masahiro
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: FEMS microbiology letters Vol. 367, no. 19 (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Obesity is a condition that results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Recently, obesity has been linked to differences in the composition of gut microbiota. To examine this association in Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlanders, fecal samples were collected from 18 adults; nine obese participants were paired with their non-obese relative. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V1-V2 region was performed on DNA extracts for each participant, with high-quality sequences selected and used for operational taxonomic unit clustering. The data showed Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant phyla, while at genus level Prevotella was the most dominant genus in all of the samples. Nonetheless, statistical evaluation of potential association between nutritional status and bacterial abundance at both phyla and genus levels showed no significant difference. Further studies, ideally in both rural and urban areas, are needed to evaluate the role of the gut microbiome in the occurrence of obesity in PNG and other resource-limited settings. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
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