Monitoring the dead as an ecosystem indicator
- Newsome, Thomas, Barton, Brandon, Buck, Julia, DeBruyn, Jennifer, Barton, Philip
- Authors: Newsome, Thomas , Barton, Brandon , Buck, Julia , DeBruyn, Jennifer , Barton, Philip
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, no. 11 (2021), p. 5844-5856
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- Description: Dead animal biomass (carrion) is present in all terrestrial ecosystems, and its consumption, decomposition, and dispersal can have measurable effects on vertebrates, invertebrates, microbes, parasites, plants, and soil. But despite the number of studies examining the influence of carrion on food webs, there has been no attempt to identify how general ecological processes around carrion might be used as an ecosystem indicator. We suggest that knowledge of scavenging and decomposition rates, scavenger diversity, abundance, and behavior around carrion, along with assessments of vegetation, soil, microbe, and parasite presence, can be used individually or in combination to understand food web dynamics. Monitoring carrion could also assist comparisons of ecosystem processes among terrestrial landscapes and biomes. Although there is outstanding research needed to fully integrate carrion ecology and monitoring into ecosystem management, we see great potential in using carrion as an ecosystem indicator of an intact and functional food web. © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Philip Barton" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Newsome, Thomas , Barton, Brandon , Buck, Julia , DeBruyn, Jennifer , Barton, Philip
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, no. 11 (2021), p. 5844-5856
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Dead animal biomass (carrion) is present in all terrestrial ecosystems, and its consumption, decomposition, and dispersal can have measurable effects on vertebrates, invertebrates, microbes, parasites, plants, and soil. But despite the number of studies examining the influence of carrion on food webs, there has been no attempt to identify how general ecological processes around carrion might be used as an ecosystem indicator. We suggest that knowledge of scavenging and decomposition rates, scavenger diversity, abundance, and behavior around carrion, along with assessments of vegetation, soil, microbe, and parasite presence, can be used individually or in combination to understand food web dynamics. Monitoring carrion could also assist comparisons of ecosystem processes among terrestrial landscapes and biomes. Although there is outstanding research needed to fully integrate carrion ecology and monitoring into ecosystem management, we see great potential in using carrion as an ecosystem indicator of an intact and functional food web. © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Philip Barton" is provided in this record**
North Indian ocean tropical cyclone activity in CMIP5 experiments : future projections using a model-independent detection and tracking scheme
- Bell, Samuel, Chand, Savin, Tory, Kevin, Ye, Hua, Turville, Christopher
- Authors: Bell, Samuel , Chand, Savin , Tory, Kevin , Ye, Hua , Turville, Christopher
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 40, no. 15 (2020), p. 6492-6505
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- Description: The sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) projection results to different models and the detection and tracking scheme used is well established. In this study, future climate projections of TC activity in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) are assessed with a model- and basin-independent detection and tracking scheme. The scheme is applied to selected models from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments forced under the historical and representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) conditions. Most models underestimated the frequency of early season (April–June) TCs and contained genesis biases equatorward of ~7.5°N in comparison to the historical records. TC tracks detected in reanalysis and model data were input to a clustering algorithm simultaneously, with two clusters in the Arabian Sea and two in the Bay of Bengal (k = 4). Projection results indicated a slight decrease of overall TC genesis frequency in the NIO, with an increase of TC genesis frequency in the Arabian Sea (30–64%) and a decrease in the Bay of Bengal (22–43%), consistent between clusters in each of these sub-regions. These changes were largely due to changes in the pre-monsoon season (April–June) where Bay of Bengal TCs significantly decreased, consistent with changes in vertical ascent. Northern Arabian Sea TCs significantly increased during the pre-monsoon season, consistent with changes in vertical wind shear and relative humidity. There was a projected increase of TC frequency in the post-monsoon season (October–December), consistent with changes in relative humidity and vertical ascent, although not all clusters followed this trend; noting a different response in the southern Bay of Bengal. In turn, these projections caused changes to the climate averaged TC track density, including a decrease (up to 2 TCs per decade) affecting the eastern coast of India and a small increase (up to 0.5 TCs per decade) affecting eastern Africa, Oman and Yemen. © 2020 Royal Meteorological Society
- Authors: Bell, Samuel , Chand, Savin , Tory, Kevin , Ye, Hua , Turville, Christopher
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 40, no. 15 (2020), p. 6492-6505
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) projection results to different models and the detection and tracking scheme used is well established. In this study, future climate projections of TC activity in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) are assessed with a model- and basin-independent detection and tracking scheme. The scheme is applied to selected models from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments forced under the historical and representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) conditions. Most models underestimated the frequency of early season (April–June) TCs and contained genesis biases equatorward of ~7.5°N in comparison to the historical records. TC tracks detected in reanalysis and model data were input to a clustering algorithm simultaneously, with two clusters in the Arabian Sea and two in the Bay of Bengal (k = 4). Projection results indicated a slight decrease of overall TC genesis frequency in the NIO, with an increase of TC genesis frequency in the Arabian Sea (30–64%) and a decrease in the Bay of Bengal (22–43%), consistent between clusters in each of these sub-regions. These changes were largely due to changes in the pre-monsoon season (April–June) where Bay of Bengal TCs significantly decreased, consistent with changes in vertical ascent. Northern Arabian Sea TCs significantly increased during the pre-monsoon season, consistent with changes in vertical wind shear and relative humidity. There was a projected increase of TC frequency in the post-monsoon season (October–December), consistent with changes in relative humidity and vertical ascent, although not all clusters followed this trend; noting a different response in the southern Bay of Bengal. In turn, these projections caused changes to the climate averaged TC track density, including a decrease (up to 2 TCs per decade) affecting the eastern coast of India and a small increase (up to 0.5 TCs per decade) affecting eastern Africa, Oman and Yemen. © 2020 Royal Meteorological Society
Factors associated with job satisfaction among district hospital health workers in Northern Vietnam : a cross-sectional study
- Nguyen, Huy, Duong, Huong, Vu, Toan
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Duong, Huong , Vu, Toan
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 32, no. 2 (2017), p. 163-179
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- Description: Background: In many developing countries, including Vietnam, little is known about job satisfaction among lower level-health staff. The purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction and its determinants among district hospital health staff. Methods: In a cross-sectional quantitative study, 128 health staff from a rural district hospital in Northern Vietnam were approached for data collection. Regression techniques were adopted to assess factors associated with several types of job satisfaction. Results: Overall job satisfaction was moderately high, ranging from 69% to 91%. Across all dimensions, health workers showed their highest satisfaction with co-worker relationships, while, in comparison, it was much lower for their supervisor's style and relationship. However, they claimed their lowest satisfaction with compensation and benefits. In final multivariate models, females and those satisfied with knowledge, skills and job performance were most likely to be satisfied with relationships with co-workers. Staff who were married, received a low pay, who were not satisfied with supervisor style and relationships and who were not satisfied with staff training, development opportunities were least likely to be satisfied with compensation and benefits. Conclusions: The study findings highlight an important need for designing an intervention program that considers organizational factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Duong, Huong , Vu, Toan
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 32, no. 2 (2017), p. 163-179
- Full Text:
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- Description: Background: In many developing countries, including Vietnam, little is known about job satisfaction among lower level-health staff. The purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction and its determinants among district hospital health staff. Methods: In a cross-sectional quantitative study, 128 health staff from a rural district hospital in Northern Vietnam were approached for data collection. Regression techniques were adopted to assess factors associated with several types of job satisfaction. Results: Overall job satisfaction was moderately high, ranging from 69% to 91%. Across all dimensions, health workers showed their highest satisfaction with co-worker relationships, while, in comparison, it was much lower for their supervisor's style and relationship. However, they claimed their lowest satisfaction with compensation and benefits. In final multivariate models, females and those satisfied with knowledge, skills and job performance were most likely to be satisfied with relationships with co-workers. Staff who were married, received a low pay, who were not satisfied with supervisor style and relationships and who were not satisfied with staff training, development opportunities were least likely to be satisfied with compensation and benefits. Conclusions: The study findings highlight an important need for designing an intervention program that considers organizational factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient satisfaction with health care services at a National Institute of Ophthalmology
- Nguyen, Huy, Dung, Nguyen, Thang, Cao, Hanh, Le
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Dung, Nguyen , Thang, Cao , Hanh, Le
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. e251-e262
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- Description: Little is known about how patients in developing countries, such as Vietnam, are satisfied with eye care services. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction with health services and its associated factors among patients attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam. In a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative methods, 500 inpatients and their relatives attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam were approached for data collection. The results indicated that under 50% of the patients were satisfied with eye care services. However, when classified by level of satisfaction, only 6.8% were very satisfied with all domains of care. There was no significant difference in satisfaction by gender and income, while significant differences by department, residence, and education were found. Patients who were from rural areas, were better educated, and used the services of the glaucoma department, were more satisfied with eye care than those from urban areas, were less educated, and used the services of treatment-on-demand department. Multivariable regression detected 2 main factors, gender and location, associated with patient satisfaction. Patients who were female and came from rural and remote areas were more likely to be satisfied than patients who were male and living in urban areas. The study suggests that to continue to improve health care quality, it is important to eliminate differences in providing eye care services regardless of whether patients are male or female, and whether they come from a rural or urban area. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Dung, Nguyen , Thang, Cao , Hanh, Le
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. e251-e262
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Little is known about how patients in developing countries, such as Vietnam, are satisfied with eye care services. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction with health services and its associated factors among patients attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam. In a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative methods, 500 inpatients and their relatives attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam were approached for data collection. The results indicated that under 50% of the patients were satisfied with eye care services. However, when classified by level of satisfaction, only 6.8% were very satisfied with all domains of care. There was no significant difference in satisfaction by gender and income, while significant differences by department, residence, and education were found. Patients who were from rural areas, were better educated, and used the services of the glaucoma department, were more satisfied with eye care than those from urban areas, were less educated, and used the services of treatment-on-demand department. Multivariable regression detected 2 main factors, gender and location, associated with patient satisfaction. Patients who were female and came from rural and remote areas were more likely to be satisfied than patients who were male and living in urban areas. The study suggests that to continue to improve health care quality, it is important to eliminate differences in providing eye care services regardless of whether patients are male or female, and whether they come from a rural or urban area. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A scalable framework for healthcare monitoring application using the Internet of Medical Things
- Balasubramanian, Venki, Jolfaei, Alireza
- Authors: Balasubramanian, Venki , Jolfaei, Alireza
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Software - Practice and Experience Vol. 51, no. 12 (2021), p. 2457-2468
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- Description: Internet of Things (IoT) is finding application in many areas, particularly in health care where an IoT can be effectively used in the form of an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to monitor the patients remotely. The quality of life of the patients and health care outcomes can be improved with the deployment of an IoMT because health care professionals can monitor conditions; access the electronic medical records and communicates with each other. This remote monitoring and consultations might reduce the traditional stressful and costly exercise of frequent hospitalization. Also, the rising costs of health care in many developed countries have influenced the introduction of the Healthcare Monitoring Application (HMA) to their existing health care practices. To materialize the HMA concepts for successful deployment for civilian and commercial use with ease, application developers can benefit from a generic, scalable framework that provides significant components for building an HMA. In this chapter, a generic maintainable HMA is advanced by amalgamating the advantages of event-driven and the layered architecture. The proposed framework is used to establish an HMA with an end-to-end Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF) to provide a real-time alarm and assistance to monitor pregnant women. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Balasubramanian, Venki , Jolfaei, Alireza
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Software - Practice and Experience Vol. 51, no. 12 (2021), p. 2457-2468
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Internet of Things (IoT) is finding application in many areas, particularly in health care where an IoT can be effectively used in the form of an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to monitor the patients remotely. The quality of life of the patients and health care outcomes can be improved with the deployment of an IoMT because health care professionals can monitor conditions; access the electronic medical records and communicates with each other. This remote monitoring and consultations might reduce the traditional stressful and costly exercise of frequent hospitalization. Also, the rising costs of health care in many developed countries have influenced the introduction of the Healthcare Monitoring Application (HMA) to their existing health care practices. To materialize the HMA concepts for successful deployment for civilian and commercial use with ease, application developers can benefit from a generic, scalable framework that provides significant components for building an HMA. In this chapter, a generic maintainable HMA is advanced by amalgamating the advantages of event-driven and the layered architecture. The proposed framework is used to establish an HMA with an end-to-end Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF) to provide a real-time alarm and assistance to monitor pregnant women. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UniFlexView : a unified framework for consistent construction of BPMN and BPEL process views
- Yongchareon, Sira, Liu, Chengfei, Zhao, Xiaohui
- Authors: Yongchareon, Sira , Liu, Chengfei , Zhao, Xiaohui
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Concurrency Computation Vol. 32, no. 11 (2020), p.
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- Description: Process view technologies allow organizations to create different granularity levels of abstraction of their business processes, therefore enabling a more effective business process management, analysis, interoperation, and privacy controls. Existing research proposed view construction and abstraction techniques for block-based (ie, BPEL) and graph-based (ie, BPMN) process models. However, the existing techniques treat each type of the two types of models separately. Especially, this brings in challenges for achieving a consistent process view for a BPEL model that derives from a BPMN model. In this paper, we propose a unified framework, namely UniFlexView, for supporting automatic and consistent process view construction. With our framework, process modelers can use our proposed View Definition Language to specify their view construction requirements disregarding the types of process models. Our UniFlexView's system prototype has been developed as a proof of concept and demonstration of the usability and feasibility of our framework. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Yongchareon, Sira , Liu, Chengfei , Zhao, Xiaohui
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Concurrency Computation Vol. 32, no. 11 (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Process view technologies allow organizations to create different granularity levels of abstraction of their business processes, therefore enabling a more effective business process management, analysis, interoperation, and privacy controls. Existing research proposed view construction and abstraction techniques for block-based (ie, BPEL) and graph-based (ie, BPMN) process models. However, the existing techniques treat each type of the two types of models separately. Especially, this brings in challenges for achieving a consistent process view for a BPEL model that derives from a BPMN model. In this paper, we propose a unified framework, namely UniFlexView, for supporting automatic and consistent process view construction. With our framework, process modelers can use our proposed View Definition Language to specify their view construction requirements disregarding the types of process models. Our UniFlexView's system prototype has been developed as a proof of concept and demonstration of the usability and feasibility of our framework. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHO's service availability and readiness assessment of primary health care services of commune health centers in a rural district of Northern Vietnam
- Nguyen, Huy, Nam, Yo-Seon, Van Thanh, Nguyen, Tuan, Ngo, Ha, Nguyen, Hoat, Luu, Hoang, Nguyen, Hoa, Do
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Nam, Yo-Seon , Van Thanh, Nguyen , Tuan, Ngo , Ha, Nguyen , Hoat, Luu , Hoang, Nguyen , Hoa, Do
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. 202-211
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- Description: The objective of this study was to assess the availability and readiness of the primary health care (PHC) services of commune health centers (CHCs) in Quoc Oai, a rural district of Northern Vietnam based on the World Health Organization's Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool. The study was done in 2 steps. First, the heads of the 21 CHCs of Quoc Oai district were interviewed using SARA, a quantitative survey, and the responses were then validated by direct observations of each facility. The results showed that although the average number of health staffs in each CHC met the national standards (at least 5 staffs per CHC), its allocation within each CHC was not properly met because some CHCs had only 2 health staffs. Several health equipment and facilities were not fully available in many CHCs, and although the majority of the PHC services were available at the CHCs, their readiness remained limited. Several significant correlates between the availability of health care workers and the availability of the facilities and the PHC services were observed, suggesting that they depend upon and affect one another in the health system. Using the SARA-based inventory, the study helps health managers and policy makers to prioritize efforts and allocate resources more appropriately. To be effective, attention should be given to how to make facilities, services, and human resources for health ready for PHC activities—more investment and support from the system (from higher to lower level) and the government. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Nam, Yo-Seon , Van Thanh, Nguyen , Tuan, Ngo , Ha, Nguyen , Hoat, Luu , Hoang, Nguyen , Hoa, Do
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. 202-211
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The objective of this study was to assess the availability and readiness of the primary health care (PHC) services of commune health centers (CHCs) in Quoc Oai, a rural district of Northern Vietnam based on the World Health Organization's Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool. The study was done in 2 steps. First, the heads of the 21 CHCs of Quoc Oai district were interviewed using SARA, a quantitative survey, and the responses were then validated by direct observations of each facility. The results showed that although the average number of health staffs in each CHC met the national standards (at least 5 staffs per CHC), its allocation within each CHC was not properly met because some CHCs had only 2 health staffs. Several health equipment and facilities were not fully available in many CHCs, and although the majority of the PHC services were available at the CHCs, their readiness remained limited. Several significant correlates between the availability of health care workers and the availability of the facilities and the PHC services were observed, suggesting that they depend upon and affect one another in the health system. Using the SARA-based inventory, the study helps health managers and policy makers to prioritize efforts and allocate resources more appropriately. To be effective, attention should be given to how to make facilities, services, and human resources for health ready for PHC activities—more investment and support from the system (from higher to lower level) and the government. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of effort-reward imbalance among health workers
- Nguyen, Huy, Le, Ma, Nguyen, Thanh, Ngoc, Dung, Ngoc, Anh, Nguyen, Phuong
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Le, Ma , Nguyen, Thanh , Ngoc, Dung , Ngoc, Anh , Nguyen, Phuong
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 3 (2018), p. e674-e695
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- Description: The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort-reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort-reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Le, Ma , Nguyen, Thanh , Ngoc, Dung , Ngoc, Anh , Nguyen, Phuong
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 3 (2018), p. e674-e695
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort-reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort-reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The roles of, activities of, and competencies for, community nursing services in rural Vietnam: Implications for policy decisions
- Nguyen, Huy, Bang, Kyung, Xuan, Hoang, Thang, Cao, Thanh, Nguyen
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Bang, Kyung , Xuan, Hoang , Thang, Cao , Thanh, Nguyen
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 4 (2018), p. e1147-e1159
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- Description: Community health workforce plays a vital role in providing primary health care services as per the needs of residents; however, few studies have examined how nurses work within commune health centers (CHCs). Using qualitative methods including interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, this study explores the roles, activities, and competencies required of community nursing services in rural districts within Vietnam. Two primary roles were identified: CHC nursing and family nursing. For the latter, in addition to providing people with general health care and health communication, they were expected to also deliver psychological care. CHC nursing fulfilled more roles and required four specific competencies: clinical care, communication, management, and planning/coordination activities. Despite these various roles serving people within a community, few ongoing efforts at either the local or national level are aimed at supporting these nurses. The study highlights the need for policy decisions via either developing a new job position policy or adapting the existing policy by integrating new roles into the existing positions of CHC nurses in Vietnam. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Nguyen Huy" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Bang, Kyung , Xuan, Hoang , Thang, Cao , Thanh, Nguyen
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 4 (2018), p. e1147-e1159
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Community health workforce plays a vital role in providing primary health care services as per the needs of residents; however, few studies have examined how nurses work within commune health centers (CHCs). Using qualitative methods including interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, this study explores the roles, activities, and competencies required of community nursing services in rural districts within Vietnam. Two primary roles were identified: CHC nursing and family nursing. For the latter, in addition to providing people with general health care and health communication, they were expected to also deliver psychological care. CHC nursing fulfilled more roles and required four specific competencies: clinical care, communication, management, and planning/coordination activities. Despite these various roles serving people within a community, few ongoing efforts at either the local or national level are aimed at supporting these nurses. The study highlights the need for policy decisions via either developing a new job position policy or adapting the existing policy by integrating new roles into the existing positions of CHC nurses in Vietnam. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Nguyen Huy" is provided in this record**
Implementing natural capital credit risk assessment in agricultural lending
- Ascui, Francisco, Cojoianu, Theodor
- Authors: Ascui, Francisco , Cojoianu, Theodor
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Business Strategy and the Environment Vol. 28, no. 6 (2019), p. 1234-1249
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- Description: Agriculture has critical impacts and dependencies on natural capital, and agricultural lenders are therefore exposed to natural capital credit risk through their loans to farmers. Currently, however, lenders lack any detailed guidance for assessing natural capital credit risk in agriculture and are challenged by the fact that the relevant material risks vary considerably by agricultural sector and geography. This paper develops a natural capital credit risk assessment framework based on a bottom-up review of the material risks associated with natural capital impacts and dependencies for Australian beef production. It demonstrates that implementing natural capital credit risk assessment is feasible in agricultural lending, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative inputs. Implementation challenges include the complexity and interconnectedness of natural capital processes, data availability and cost, spatial data analytical capacity, and the need for transformational change, both within lending organisations and across the banking sector. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
- Authors: Ascui, Francisco , Cojoianu, Theodor
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Business Strategy and the Environment Vol. 28, no. 6 (2019), p. 1234-1249
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Agriculture has critical impacts and dependencies on natural capital, and agricultural lenders are therefore exposed to natural capital credit risk through their loans to farmers. Currently, however, lenders lack any detailed guidance for assessing natural capital credit risk in agriculture and are challenged by the fact that the relevant material risks vary considerably by agricultural sector and geography. This paper develops a natural capital credit risk assessment framework based on a bottom-up review of the material risks associated with natural capital impacts and dependencies for Australian beef production. It demonstrates that implementing natural capital credit risk assessment is feasible in agricultural lending, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative inputs. Implementation challenges include the complexity and interconnectedness of natural capital processes, data availability and cost, spatial data analytical capacity, and the need for transformational change, both within lending organisations and across the banking sector. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia : public health responses, opportunities and challenges
- Nguyen, Huy, Lan Nguyen, Hoa, Dao, An Thi, Van Nguyen, Tien, The Nguyen, Phuong, Le, Phuong, Vu, Kien, Tran, Anh, Dao, Phuong., Nguyen, Cham, Debattista, Joseph
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Lan Nguyen, Hoa , Dao, An Thi , Van Nguyen, Tien , The Nguyen, Phuong , Le, Phuong , Vu, Kien , Tran, Anh , Dao, Phuong. , Nguyen, Cham , Debattista, Joseph
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 37, no. 1 (2022), p. 5-13
- Full Text:
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- Description: In responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, each country is presented with both opportunities and challenges, some unique and some shared with the global community. It is important to not only recognize, but to embrace them as drivers of the public to the current pandemic success. In this commentary, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that may affect ongoing public health programming in Australia within the current context of epidemiology. COVID-19 within Australia has to date been effectively suppressed through the implementation of nationally coordinated, in which the state delivered public policy, guidelines and practice, and successful establishment of a comprehensive testing, contact tracing, patient isolation and contact quarantine regime combined with national and state social distancing, hygiene etiquette and movement restrictions. However, despite its success to date great challenges lay ahead for future public health policy with the threat of a second wave, or more likely, multiple smaller outbreaks across various population centres. Therefore, policies that aim to balance the twin socioeconomic and health impacts are crucial. The experience of Australia in managing its COVID-19 response can provide a case study for other countries to reshape or adapt their policies and actions in the context of emerging global health crises. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Lan Nguyen, Hoa , Dao, An Thi , Van Nguyen, Tien , The Nguyen, Phuong , Le, Phuong , Vu, Kien , Tran, Anh , Dao, Phuong. , Nguyen, Cham , Debattista, Joseph
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 37, no. 1 (2022), p. 5-13
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, each country is presented with both opportunities and challenges, some unique and some shared with the global community. It is important to not only recognize, but to embrace them as drivers of the public to the current pandemic success. In this commentary, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that may affect ongoing public health programming in Australia within the current context of epidemiology. COVID-19 within Australia has to date been effectively suppressed through the implementation of nationally coordinated, in which the state delivered public policy, guidelines and practice, and successful establishment of a comprehensive testing, contact tracing, patient isolation and contact quarantine regime combined with national and state social distancing, hygiene etiquette and movement restrictions. However, despite its success to date great challenges lay ahead for future public health policy with the threat of a second wave, or more likely, multiple smaller outbreaks across various population centres. Therefore, policies that aim to balance the twin socioeconomic and health impacts are crucial. The experience of Australia in managing its COVID-19 response can provide a case study for other countries to reshape or adapt their policies and actions in the context of emerging global health crises. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to successfully halt the Covid-19 pandemic : what lessons can be learned from a resource-constrained country
- Nguyen, Huy, Van Hoang, Minh, Dao, An, Nguyen, Hoa, Van Nguyen, Tien, Nguyen, Phuong, Khuong, Long, Le, Phuong, Gilmour, Stuart
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Van Hoang, Minh , Dao, An , Nguyen, Hoa , Van Nguyen, Tien , Nguyen, Phuong , Khuong, Long , Le, Phuong , Gilmour, Stuart
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 35, no. 5 (2020), p. 988-992
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic has been painful and no single model for such a purpose is perfect. However, sharing experiences is the best way for countries to learn real-time lessons and adapt to this rapidly changing pandemic. This commentary shares with the international community how an adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to break transmission of coronavirus. We find that an effective model is adaptive to time and context, and mobilizes and engages the wider society. We identify merging of different health system units into Center for Diseases Controls as a health system organization that saved massive resources. The early establishment of a formal committee responding to the pandemic helped unify every public health strategy. The mobilization of different stakeholders and communities added resources and facilitated a synchronous implementation of response strategies, even where those strategies involved significant personal or financial sacrifice. National training on Covid-19 treatment for healthcare professionals across the entire hospital system was useful to expand the health service availability. Quickly published response guidelines helped to activate every level of the health system and involve every sector of society. A strategy of keeping high alert and preemptive action is also essential for coping with the pandemic. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Van Hoang, Minh , Dao, An , Nguyen, Hoa , Van Nguyen, Tien , Nguyen, Phuong , Khuong, Long , Le, Phuong , Gilmour, Stuart
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 35, no. 5 (2020), p. 988-992
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic has been painful and no single model for such a purpose is perfect. However, sharing experiences is the best way for countries to learn real-time lessons and adapt to this rapidly changing pandemic. This commentary shares with the international community how an adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to break transmission of coronavirus. We find that an effective model is adaptive to time and context, and mobilizes and engages the wider society. We identify merging of different health system units into Center for Diseases Controls as a health system organization that saved massive resources. The early establishment of a formal committee responding to the pandemic helped unify every public health strategy. The mobilization of different stakeholders and communities added resources and facilitated a synchronous implementation of response strategies, even where those strategies involved significant personal or financial sacrifice. National training on Covid-19 treatment for healthcare professionals across the entire hospital system was useful to expand the health service availability. Quickly published response guidelines helped to activate every level of the health system and involve every sector of society. A strategy of keeping high alert and preemptive action is also essential for coping with the pandemic. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tropical cyclone activity in the Solomon Islands region : climatology, variability, and trends
- Haruhiru, Alick, Chand, Savin, Turville, Christopher, Ramsay, Hamish
- Authors: Haruhiru, Alick , Chand, Savin , Turville, Christopher , Ramsay, Hamish
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, no. 1 (2023), p. 593-614
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- Description: This study examines the climatology, variability, and trends of tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting the Solomon Islands (SI) territory, in the wider southwest Pacific (SWP), using the South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC) database. During the period 1969/1970–2018/2019, 168 TCs were recorded in the SI territory. A cluster analysis is used to objectively partition these tracks into three clusters of similar TC trajectories to obtain better insights into the effects of natural climate variability, particularly due to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which otherwise is not very apparent for TCs when considered collectively in the SI region. We find that TCs in clusters 1 and 3 show enhanced activity during El Niño phase, whereas TCs in cluster 2 are enhanced during La Niña and neutral phases. In addition to being modulated by ENSO, TCs in clusters 2 and 3 show statistically significant modulation at an intraseasonal timescale due to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) phenomenon. There are also some indications through sophisticated Bayesian modelling that TCs in clusters 2 and 3 are slightly influenced by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). These results can have substantial implications for cluster-specific development of TC prediction schemes for the SI region. © 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.
- Authors: Haruhiru, Alick , Chand, Savin , Turville, Christopher , Ramsay, Hamish
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, no. 1 (2023), p. 593-614
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study examines the climatology, variability, and trends of tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting the Solomon Islands (SI) territory, in the wider southwest Pacific (SWP), using the South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC) database. During the period 1969/1970–2018/2019, 168 TCs were recorded in the SI territory. A cluster analysis is used to objectively partition these tracks into three clusters of similar TC trajectories to obtain better insights into the effects of natural climate variability, particularly due to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which otherwise is not very apparent for TCs when considered collectively in the SI region. We find that TCs in clusters 1 and 3 show enhanced activity during El Niño phase, whereas TCs in cluster 2 are enhanced during La Niña and neutral phases. In addition to being modulated by ENSO, TCs in clusters 2 and 3 show statistically significant modulation at an intraseasonal timescale due to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) phenomenon. There are also some indications through sophisticated Bayesian modelling that TCs in clusters 2 and 3 are slightly influenced by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). These results can have substantial implications for cluster-specific development of TC prediction schemes for the SI region. © 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.
Localisation of the sustainable development goals in an emerging nation
- Jain, Ameeta, Courvisanos, Jerry, Subramaniam, Nava
- Authors: Jain, Ameeta , Courvisanos, Jerry , Subramaniam, Nava
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Public Administration and Development Vol. 41, no. 5 (2021), p. 231-243
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- Description: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agreed to by all member countries of the United Nations, require urgent action on the world's most pressing problems. Success requires bottom-up participation of local stakeholders. This case study of Timor-Leste—a fledgling, fossil fuel-supported economy—maps the awareness and commitment of grassroots stakeholders to the SDGs and the roadblocks to localisation. Guiding this paper is Habermas’ view of societal evolution and communicative action, which aids analysing the socio-political and structural dynamics affecting SDGs localisation in a developing nation. This study reveals stakeholder inability to articulate a clear vision for the SDGs, lack of human capital and funds, a weak public-administrative system, strong socio-political nuances, and poor governance infrastructure to support multi-stakeholder relationships. This paper provides insights for developing a more nuanced and robust public intervention to support local stakeholders that will enable knowledge, cultural and communication transformations required for successful SDGs localisation. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Jain, Ameeta , Courvisanos, Jerry , Subramaniam, Nava
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Public Administration and Development Vol. 41, no. 5 (2021), p. 231-243
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agreed to by all member countries of the United Nations, require urgent action on the world's most pressing problems. Success requires bottom-up participation of local stakeholders. This case study of Timor-Leste—a fledgling, fossil fuel-supported economy—maps the awareness and commitment of grassroots stakeholders to the SDGs and the roadblocks to localisation. Guiding this paper is Habermas’ view of societal evolution and communicative action, which aids analysing the socio-political and structural dynamics affecting SDGs localisation in a developing nation. This study reveals stakeholder inability to articulate a clear vision for the SDGs, lack of human capital and funds, a weak public-administrative system, strong socio-political nuances, and poor governance infrastructure to support multi-stakeholder relationships. This paper provides insights for developing a more nuanced and robust public intervention to support local stakeholders that will enable knowledge, cultural and communication transformations required for successful SDGs localisation. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Relative contribution of photodegradation to litter breakdown in Australian grasslands
- Butler, Freja, Good, Megan, Morgan, John, Schultz, Nick
- Authors: Butler, Freja , Good, Megan , Morgan, John , Schultz, Nick
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ecology and Evolution Vol. 13, no. 12 (2023), p.
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- Description: Grassy ecosystems cover ~40% of the global land surface and are an integral component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Grass litter decomposes via a combination of photodegradation (which returns C to the atmosphere rapidly) and biological decomposition (a slower C pathway). As such, decomposition and C storage in grasslands may vary with climate and exposure to solar radiation. We investigated rates of grass litter decomposition in Australian temperate grasslands along a climate gradient to uncouple the relative importance of photodegradation and climate on decomposition. Litterbags containing leaf litter from two common native grass species (Poa labillardierei, Themeda triandra) were deployed at six grassland sites across a precipitation gradient (380–890 mm) in south-eastern Australia. Bags were retrieved over 39 weeks to measure mass loss from decomposition. We used shade treatments on the litter of one species (T. triandra) to partition photodegradation from biological decomposition. The shade treatment reduced the rate of decomposition of T. triandra relative to the full-sun treatment at all sites, by an average of 38% at 39 weeks; the effect size of the shade treatment was not correlated with site productivity. The rate of decomposition in both species was positively correlated with rainfall midway through the experiment, but there were no significant differences in total decomposition among sites after 39 weeks. By week 39, total decomposition of T. triandra was significantly greater than for P. labillardierei. In general, we observed relatively linear decomposition rather than the strong negative exponential decay observed in many global litter decomposition studies. Synthesis: We found that solar radiation exposure was a strong contributor to litter decomposition in temperate Australian grasslands across a broad climate gradient, which may be related to a period of photopriming prior to further biotic decomposition. This study highlights the importance of litter composition and solar radiation exposure in our understanding of how decomposition patterns contribute to global C cycling. © 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Butler, Freja , Good, Megan , Morgan, John , Schultz, Nick
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ecology and Evolution Vol. 13, no. 12 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Grassy ecosystems cover ~40% of the global land surface and are an integral component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Grass litter decomposes via a combination of photodegradation (which returns C to the atmosphere rapidly) and biological decomposition (a slower C pathway). As such, decomposition and C storage in grasslands may vary with climate and exposure to solar radiation. We investigated rates of grass litter decomposition in Australian temperate grasslands along a climate gradient to uncouple the relative importance of photodegradation and climate on decomposition. Litterbags containing leaf litter from two common native grass species (Poa labillardierei, Themeda triandra) were deployed at six grassland sites across a precipitation gradient (380–890 mm) in south-eastern Australia. Bags were retrieved over 39 weeks to measure mass loss from decomposition. We used shade treatments on the litter of one species (T. triandra) to partition photodegradation from biological decomposition. The shade treatment reduced the rate of decomposition of T. triandra relative to the full-sun treatment at all sites, by an average of 38% at 39 weeks; the effect size of the shade treatment was not correlated with site productivity. The rate of decomposition in both species was positively correlated with rainfall midway through the experiment, but there were no significant differences in total decomposition among sites after 39 weeks. By week 39, total decomposition of T. triandra was significantly greater than for P. labillardierei. In general, we observed relatively linear decomposition rather than the strong negative exponential decay observed in many global litter decomposition studies. Synthesis: We found that solar radiation exposure was a strong contributor to litter decomposition in temperate Australian grasslands across a broad climate gradient, which may be related to a period of photopriming prior to further biotic decomposition. This study highlights the importance of litter composition and solar radiation exposure in our understanding of how decomposition patterns contribute to global C cycling. © 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Subseasonal prediction framework for tropical cyclone activity in the Solomon Islands region
- Haruhiru, Alick, Chand, Savin, Sultanova, Nargiz, Ramsay, Hamish, Sharma, Krishneel, Tahani, Lloyd
- Authors: Haruhiru, Alick , Chand, Savin , Sultanova, Nargiz , Ramsay, Hamish , Sharma, Krishneel , Tahani, Lloyd
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, no. 12 (2023), p. 5763-5777
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- Description: Recently, we developed seasonal prediction schemes with improved skill to predict tropical cyclone (TC) activity up to 3 months in advance for the Solomon Islands (SI) region (5°–15°S, 155°–170°E) using sophisticated Bayesian regression techniques. However, TC prediction at subseasonal timescale (i.e., 1–4 weeks in advance) is not being researched for that region despite growing demands from decision makers at sectoral level. In this paper, we first assess the feasibility of developing subseasonal prediction frameworks for the SI region using a pool of predictors that are known to affect TC activity in the region. We then evaluate multiple predictor combinations to develop the most appropriate models using a statistical approach to forecast weekly TC activity up to 4 weeks in advance. Predictors used include indices of various natural climate variability modes, namely the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). These modes often have robust physical and statistical relationships with TC occurrences in the SI region and the broader southwest Pacific territory as shown by preceding studies. Additionally, we incorporate TC seasonality as a potential predictor given the persistence of TCs occurring more in certain months than others. Note that a model with seasonality predictor alone (hereafter called the “climatology” model) forms a baseline for comparisons. The hindcast verifications of the forecasts using leave-one-out cross-validation procedure over the study period 1975–2019 indicate considerable improvements in prediction skill of our logistic regression models over climatology, even up to 4 weeks in advance. This study sets the foundation for introducing subseasonal prediction services, which is a national priority for improved decision making in sectors like agriculture and food security, water, health and disaster risk mitigation in the Solomon Islands. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.
- Authors: Haruhiru, Alick , Chand, Savin , Sultanova, Nargiz , Ramsay, Hamish , Sharma, Krishneel , Tahani, Lloyd
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, no. 12 (2023), p. 5763-5777
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Recently, we developed seasonal prediction schemes with improved skill to predict tropical cyclone (TC) activity up to 3 months in advance for the Solomon Islands (SI) region (5°–15°S, 155°–170°E) using sophisticated Bayesian regression techniques. However, TC prediction at subseasonal timescale (i.e., 1–4 weeks in advance) is not being researched for that region despite growing demands from decision makers at sectoral level. In this paper, we first assess the feasibility of developing subseasonal prediction frameworks for the SI region using a pool of predictors that are known to affect TC activity in the region. We then evaluate multiple predictor combinations to develop the most appropriate models using a statistical approach to forecast weekly TC activity up to 4 weeks in advance. Predictors used include indices of various natural climate variability modes, namely the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). These modes often have robust physical and statistical relationships with TC occurrences in the SI region and the broader southwest Pacific territory as shown by preceding studies. Additionally, we incorporate TC seasonality as a potential predictor given the persistence of TCs occurring more in certain months than others. Note that a model with seasonality predictor alone (hereafter called the “climatology” model) forms a baseline for comparisons. The hindcast verifications of the forecasts using leave-one-out cross-validation procedure over the study period 1975–2019 indicate considerable improvements in prediction skill of our logistic regression models over climatology, even up to 4 weeks in advance. This study sets the foundation for introducing subseasonal prediction services, which is a national priority for improved decision making in sectors like agriculture and food security, water, health and disaster risk mitigation in the Solomon Islands. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.
Tropical cyclones and depressions over the South Pacific Ocean since the late 19th century : assessing synergistic relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
- Yeasmin, Alea, Chand, Savin, Sultanova, Nargiz
- Authors: Yeasmin, Alea , Chand, Savin , Sultanova, Nargiz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, no. 12 (2023), p. 5422-5443
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Tropical cyclones (TCs) and tropical depressions (TDs), hereafter collectively referred to as tropical storms, often exhibit large year-to-year variability in the South Pacific Ocean basin. Many past studies have examined this variability in relation to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, particularly using observational data from the post-satellite era (i.e., after the 1970s when TC observations became more consistent). However, less emphasis is placed on how tropical storms are modulated at interdecadal and decadal time scales such as due to Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This is because post-satellite data are available for relatively short time period (i.e., post-1970s), limiting our understanding of the IPO–TC relationship in the South Pacific. Here, using NOAA-CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset, we reconstruct historical records (1871–2014) of TC and depression proxies for the South Pacific Ocean basin, and then utilize these reconstructed proxies to first understand the connections between TC–ENSO and TC–IPO over the 20th century, and then investigate the combined effects of ENSO–IPO effects on TCs and depressions. Results show that La Niña (El Niño) is more dominant on TC activity than El Niño (La Niña) over the western subregion 140–170° E (eastern sub-region, 170–220° E) as expected. We also show that TC numbers are strongly modulated by the IPO phenomenon with, on average, more TCs occurring during the positive phase than during the negative phase of the IPO in both western and eastern sub-regions. We show for the first time (using a long-term reconstructed TC dataset) that the combined phases of El Niño and + IPO account for increased TC activity, as opposed to the combined phase of La Niña and
- Authors: Yeasmin, Alea , Chand, Savin , Sultanova, Nargiz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 43, no. 12 (2023), p. 5422-5443
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Tropical cyclones (TCs) and tropical depressions (TDs), hereafter collectively referred to as tropical storms, often exhibit large year-to-year variability in the South Pacific Ocean basin. Many past studies have examined this variability in relation to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, particularly using observational data from the post-satellite era (i.e., after the 1970s when TC observations became more consistent). However, less emphasis is placed on how tropical storms are modulated at interdecadal and decadal time scales such as due to Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This is because post-satellite data are available for relatively short time period (i.e., post-1970s), limiting our understanding of the IPO–TC relationship in the South Pacific. Here, using NOAA-CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset, we reconstruct historical records (1871–2014) of TC and depression proxies for the South Pacific Ocean basin, and then utilize these reconstructed proxies to first understand the connections between TC–ENSO and TC–IPO over the 20th century, and then investigate the combined effects of ENSO–IPO effects on TCs and depressions. Results show that La Niña (El Niño) is more dominant on TC activity than El Niño (La Niña) over the western subregion 140–170° E (eastern sub-region, 170–220° E) as expected. We also show that TC numbers are strongly modulated by the IPO phenomenon with, on average, more TCs occurring during the positive phase than during the negative phase of the IPO in both western and eastern sub-regions. We show for the first time (using a long-term reconstructed TC dataset) that the combined phases of El Niño and + IPO account for increased TC activity, as opposed to the combined phase of La Niña and
Construction of generalized shape functions over arbitrary polytopes based on scaled boundary finite element method's solution of Poisson's equation
- Xiao, B., Natarajan, Sundararajan, Birk, Carolin, Ooi, Ean Hin, Song, Chongmin, Ooi, Ean Tat
- Authors: Xiao, B. , Natarajan, Sundararajan , Birk, Carolin , Ooi, Ean Hin , Song, Chongmin , Ooi, Ean Tat
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Vol. 124, no. 17 (2023), p. 3603-3636
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A general technique to develop arbitrary-sided polygonal elements based on the scaled boundary finite element method is presented. Shape functions are derived from the solution of the Poisson's equation in contrast to the well-known Laplace shape functions that are only linearly complete. The application of the Poisson shape functions can be complete up to any specific order. The shape functions retain the advantage of the scaled boundary finite element method allowing direct formulation on polygons with arbitrary number of sides and quadtree meshes. The resulting formulation is similar to the finite element method where each field variable is interpolated by the same set of shape functions in parametric space and differs only in the integration of the stiffness and mass matrices. Well-established finite element procedures can be applied with the developed shape functions, to solve a variety of engineering problems including, for example, coupled field problems, phase field fracture, and addressing volumetric locking in the near-incompressibility limit by adopting a mixed formulation. Application of the formulation is demonstrated in several engineering problems. Optimal convergence rates are observed. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Xiao, B. , Natarajan, Sundararajan , Birk, Carolin , Ooi, Ean Hin , Song, Chongmin , Ooi, Ean Tat
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Vol. 124, no. 17 (2023), p. 3603-3636
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A general technique to develop arbitrary-sided polygonal elements based on the scaled boundary finite element method is presented. Shape functions are derived from the solution of the Poisson's equation in contrast to the well-known Laplace shape functions that are only linearly complete. The application of the Poisson shape functions can be complete up to any specific order. The shape functions retain the advantage of the scaled boundary finite element method allowing direct formulation on polygons with arbitrary number of sides and quadtree meshes. The resulting formulation is similar to the finite element method where each field variable is interpolated by the same set of shape functions in parametric space and differs only in the integration of the stiffness and mass matrices. Well-established finite element procedures can be applied with the developed shape functions, to solve a variety of engineering problems including, for example, coupled field problems, phase field fracture, and addressing volumetric locking in the near-incompressibility limit by adopting a mixed formulation. Application of the formulation is demonstrated in several engineering problems. Optimal convergence rates are observed. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Electricity theft detection for energy optimization using deep learning models
- Pamir, Javaid, Nadeem, Javed, Muhammad, Houran, Mohamad, Almasoud, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad
- Authors: Pamir , Javaid, Nadeem , Javed, Muhammad , Houran, Mohamad , Almasoud, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Energy Science and Engineering Vol. 11, no. 10 (2023), p. 3575-3596
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The rapid increase in nontechnical loss (NTL) has become a principal concern for distribution system operators (DSOs) over the years. Electricity theft makes up a major part of NTL. It causes losses for the DSOs and also deteriorates the quality of electricity. The introduction of advanced metering infrastructure along with the upgradation of the traditional grids to the smart grids (SGs) has helped the electric utilities to collect the electricity consumption (EC) readings of consumers, which further empowers the machine learning (ML) algorithms to be exploited for efficient electricity theft detection (ETD). However, there are still some shortcomings, such as class imbalance, curse of dimensionality, and bypassing the automated tuning of hyperparameters in the existing ML-based theft classification schemes that limit their performances. Therefore, it is essential to develop a novel approach to deal with these problems and efficiently detect electricity theft in SGs. Using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), gate convolutional autoencoder (GCAE), and cost-sensitive learning and long short-term memory (CSLSTM), an effective ETD model named SSA–GCAE–CSLSTM is proposed in this work. Furthermore, a hybrid GCAE model is developed via the combination of gated recurrent unit and convolutional autoencoder. The proposed model comprises five submodules: (1) data preparation, (2) data balancing, (3) dimensionality reduction, (4) hyperparameters' optimization, and (5) electricity theft classification. The real-time EC data provided by the state grid corporation of China are used for performance evaluations via extensive simulations. The proposed model is compared with two basic models, CSLSTM and GCAE–CSLSTM, along with seven benchmarks, support vector machine, decision tree, extra trees, random forest, adaptive boosting, extreme gradient boosting, and convolutional neural network. The results exhibit that SSA–GCAE–CSLSTM yields 99.45% precision, 95.93% F1 score, 92.25% accuracy, and 71.13% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score, and surpasses the other models in terms of ETD. © 2023 The Authors. Energy Science & Engineering published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Pamir , Javaid, Nadeem , Javed, Muhammad , Houran, Mohamad , Almasoud, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Energy Science and Engineering Vol. 11, no. 10 (2023), p. 3575-3596
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The rapid increase in nontechnical loss (NTL) has become a principal concern for distribution system operators (DSOs) over the years. Electricity theft makes up a major part of NTL. It causes losses for the DSOs and also deteriorates the quality of electricity. The introduction of advanced metering infrastructure along with the upgradation of the traditional grids to the smart grids (SGs) has helped the electric utilities to collect the electricity consumption (EC) readings of consumers, which further empowers the machine learning (ML) algorithms to be exploited for efficient electricity theft detection (ETD). However, there are still some shortcomings, such as class imbalance, curse of dimensionality, and bypassing the automated tuning of hyperparameters in the existing ML-based theft classification schemes that limit their performances. Therefore, it is essential to develop a novel approach to deal with these problems and efficiently detect electricity theft in SGs. Using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), gate convolutional autoencoder (GCAE), and cost-sensitive learning and long short-term memory (CSLSTM), an effective ETD model named SSA–GCAE–CSLSTM is proposed in this work. Furthermore, a hybrid GCAE model is developed via the combination of gated recurrent unit and convolutional autoencoder. The proposed model comprises five submodules: (1) data preparation, (2) data balancing, (3) dimensionality reduction, (4) hyperparameters' optimization, and (5) electricity theft classification. The real-time EC data provided by the state grid corporation of China are used for performance evaluations via extensive simulations. The proposed model is compared with two basic models, CSLSTM and GCAE–CSLSTM, along with seven benchmarks, support vector machine, decision tree, extra trees, random forest, adaptive boosting, extreme gradient boosting, and convolutional neural network. The results exhibit that SSA–GCAE–CSLSTM yields 99.45% precision, 95.93% F1 score, 92.25% accuracy, and 71.13% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score, and surpasses the other models in terms of ETD. © 2023 The Authors. Energy Science & Engineering published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Classifying excessive exercise : examining the relationship between compulsive exercise with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and disordered eating symptoms
- Cosh, Suzanne, Eshkevari, Ertimiss, McNeil, Dominic, Tully, Phillip
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , Eshkevari, Ertimiss , McNeil, Dominic , Tully, Phillip
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 31, no. 6 (2023), p. 769-780
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: There remains a lack of consensus around nosology for compulsive exercise (CE). Although widely observed in eating disorders (ED), CE shares theoretical overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), where exercise compulsions occur in response to obsessions. Yet, there is limited and mixed evidence of a relationship between CE with OCD. This study aims to explore the appropriate diagnostic classification of CE through examination of CE in relation to OCD, obsessional thinking, and ED symptoms. Method: Two hundred and eighty one adults with mental health symptoms, dieting, and exercise behaviour completed measures of OCD, CE, and disordered eating symptoms. Regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses examined relationships between dimensions of CE with OCD and ED symptoms, and the predictive ability of CE assessment for detecting threshold OCD and ED symptoms. Results: CE assessment was poor at predicting threshold OCD symptoms, probable Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and moderate at detecting probable disordered eating and Bulimia Nervosa. Associations between CE and OCD symptoms were not significant after adjustment for ED symptoms. Obsessional thinking was associated only with lack of exercise enjoyment. Conclusions: Results indicate that excessive exercise might represent a distinct disorder, with some shared traits across CE, OCD and ED symptoms. Findings question the utility of adaptation of OCD diagnostic criteria for CE. Assessment and treatment implications are considered. © 2023 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , Eshkevari, Ertimiss , McNeil, Dominic , Tully, Phillip
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 31, no. 6 (2023), p. 769-780
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- Description: Objective: There remains a lack of consensus around nosology for compulsive exercise (CE). Although widely observed in eating disorders (ED), CE shares theoretical overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), where exercise compulsions occur in response to obsessions. Yet, there is limited and mixed evidence of a relationship between CE with OCD. This study aims to explore the appropriate diagnostic classification of CE through examination of CE in relation to OCD, obsessional thinking, and ED symptoms. Method: Two hundred and eighty one adults with mental health symptoms, dieting, and exercise behaviour completed measures of OCD, CE, and disordered eating symptoms. Regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses examined relationships between dimensions of CE with OCD and ED symptoms, and the predictive ability of CE assessment for detecting threshold OCD and ED symptoms. Results: CE assessment was poor at predicting threshold OCD symptoms, probable Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and moderate at detecting probable disordered eating and Bulimia Nervosa. Associations between CE and OCD symptoms were not significant after adjustment for ED symptoms. Obsessional thinking was associated only with lack of exercise enjoyment. Conclusions: Results indicate that excessive exercise might represent a distinct disorder, with some shared traits across CE, OCD and ED symptoms. Findings question the utility of adaptation of OCD diagnostic criteria for CE. Assessment and treatment implications are considered. © 2023 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.