Reverse engineering genetic networks using nonlinear saturation kinetics
- Youseph, Ahammed, Chetty, Madhu, Karmakar, Gour
- Authors: Youseph, Ahammed , Chetty, Madhu , Karmakar, Gour
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BioSystems Vol. 182, no. (2019), p. 30-41
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A gene regulatory network (GRN) represents a set of genes along with their regulatory interactions. Cellular behavior is driven by genetic level interactions. Dynamics of such systems show nonlinear saturation kinetics which can be best modeled by Michaelis-Menten (MM) and Hill equations. Although MM equation is being widely used for modeling biochemical processes, it has been applied rarely for reverse engineering GRNs. In this paper, we develop a complete framework for a novel model for GRN inference using MM kinetics. A set of coupled equations is first proposed for modeling GRNs. In the coupled model, Michaelis-Menten constant associated with regulation by a gene is made invariant irrespective of the gene being regulated. The parameter estimation of the proposed model is carried out using an evolutionary optimization method, namely, trigonometric differential evolution (TDE). Subsequently, the model is further improved and the regulations of different genes by a given gene are made distinct by allowing varying values of Michaelis-Menten constants for each regulation. Apart from making the model more relevant biologically, the improvement results in a decoupled GRN model with fast estimation of model parameters. Further, to enhance exploitation of the search, we propose a local search algorithm based on hill climbing heuristics. A novel mutation operation is also proposed to avoid population stagnation and premature convergence. Real life benchmark data sets generated in vivo are used for validating the proposed model. Further, we also analyze realistic in silico datasets generated using GeneNetweaver. The comparison of the performance of proposed model with other existing methods shows the potential of the proposed model.
- Authors: Youseph, Ahammed , Chetty, Madhu , Karmakar, Gour
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BioSystems Vol. 182, no. (2019), p. 30-41
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A gene regulatory network (GRN) represents a set of genes along with their regulatory interactions. Cellular behavior is driven by genetic level interactions. Dynamics of such systems show nonlinear saturation kinetics which can be best modeled by Michaelis-Menten (MM) and Hill equations. Although MM equation is being widely used for modeling biochemical processes, it has been applied rarely for reverse engineering GRNs. In this paper, we develop a complete framework for a novel model for GRN inference using MM kinetics. A set of coupled equations is first proposed for modeling GRNs. In the coupled model, Michaelis-Menten constant associated with regulation by a gene is made invariant irrespective of the gene being regulated. The parameter estimation of the proposed model is carried out using an evolutionary optimization method, namely, trigonometric differential evolution (TDE). Subsequently, the model is further improved and the regulations of different genes by a given gene are made distinct by allowing varying values of Michaelis-Menten constants for each regulation. Apart from making the model more relevant biologically, the improvement results in a decoupled GRN model with fast estimation of model parameters. Further, to enhance exploitation of the search, we propose a local search algorithm based on hill climbing heuristics. A novel mutation operation is also proposed to avoid population stagnation and premature convergence. Real life benchmark data sets generated in vivo are used for validating the proposed model. Further, we also analyze realistic in silico datasets generated using GeneNetweaver. The comparison of the performance of proposed model with other existing methods shows the potential of the proposed model.
Ambulatory blood pressure may be designed as the primary efficacy outcome in clinical trials on renal denervation
- Authors: Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Letter , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 176, no. 3 (2014), p. 1262-1263
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Authors: Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Letter , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 176, no. 3 (2014), p. 1262-1263
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
It may be not suitable to perform renal denervation in renal arteries with significant stenosis
- Authors: Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article , Letter
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 174, no. 3 (2014), p. 750
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Authors: Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article , Letter
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 174, no. 3 (2014), p. 750
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
Limitations in current clinical trials on renal denervation
- Authors: Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article , Letter
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 174, no. 1 (2014), p. 225
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Authors: Wang, Yutang
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article , Letter
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 174, no. 1 (2014), p. 225
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
DNA copy number variations – Do these big mutations have a big effect on cardiovascular risk?
- Prestes, Priscilla, Maier, Michelle, Charchar, Fadi
- Authors: Prestes, Priscilla , Maier, Michelle , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Editorial
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 298, no. (2019), p. 116-117
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In simple terms, copy number variations or CNVs are replications or deletions in the DNA which, in humans, changes it from the normal number of two gene copies. These CNVs are caused by inherited or de novo structural changes such as duplications, insertions or deletions of repeated portions of genetic material (Fig. 1). These duplications can vary from one to ten or more copies and range in size from 50 DNA base pairs to several million [1]. Since their discovery in 1987 by Nakamura et al. [2], when they were initially named variable number tandem repeats, many studies have investigated their association with rare and common human diseases. Throughout evolution, some of these changes in copy number were beneficial such as the globin gene number duplication, while others such as the CNVs that cause Huntington's disease were not. In 2004, two landmark studies by Iafrate et al. [3] and Sebat et al. [4] found that large-scale copy-number variations, ranging in size from 100 kb to 2 Mb are common throughout the human genome, and that a high proportion of them are in known genes. These findings roused several association studies between CNVs and disease
- Authors: Prestes, Priscilla , Maier, Michelle , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Editorial
- Relation: International Journal of Cardiology Vol. 298, no. (2019), p. 116-117
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In simple terms, copy number variations or CNVs are replications or deletions in the DNA which, in humans, changes it from the normal number of two gene copies. These CNVs are caused by inherited or de novo structural changes such as duplications, insertions or deletions of repeated portions of genetic material (Fig. 1). These duplications can vary from one to ten or more copies and range in size from 50 DNA base pairs to several million [1]. Since their discovery in 1987 by Nakamura et al. [2], when they were initially named variable number tandem repeats, many studies have investigated their association with rare and common human diseases. Throughout evolution, some of these changes in copy number were beneficial such as the globin gene number duplication, while others such as the CNVs that cause Huntington's disease were not. In 2004, two landmark studies by Iafrate et al. [3] and Sebat et al. [4] found that large-scale copy-number variations, ranging in size from 100 kb to 2 Mb are common throughout the human genome, and that a high proportion of them are in known genes. These findings roused several association studies between CNVs and disease
Comparative effectiveness of three exercise types to treat clinical depression in older adults : a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Miller, Kyle, Gonçalves-Bradley, Daniela, Areerob, Pinyadapat, Hennessy, Declan, Mesagno, Christopher, Grace, Fergal
- Authors: Miller, Kyle , Gonçalves-Bradley, Daniela , Areerob, Pinyadapat , Hennessy, Declan , Mesagno, Christopher , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Ageing Research Reviews Vol. 58 (2020).
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Few studies have directly compared the effects of different exercise therapies on clinical depression in older adults. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of current evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness of three major exercise types (aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise) in clinically depressed older adults. Methods: We followed PRISMA-NMA guidelines and searched databases for eligible RCTs (inception – September 12th, 2019). RCTs were eligible if they included clinically depressed adults aged >65 years, implemented one or more exercise therapy arms using aerobic, resistance, or mind-body exercise, and assessed depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up using a validated clinical questionnaire. Results: A network meta-analysis was performed on 15 eligible RCTs comprising 596 participants (321 treatment and 275 controls), including aerobic (n = 6), resistance (n = 5), and mind-body (n = 4) exercise trials. Compared with controls, mind-body exercise showed the largest improvement on depressive symptoms (g = −0.87 to −1.38), followed by aerobic exercise (g = −0.51 to −1.02), and resistance exercise (g = −0.41 to −0.92). Notably, there were no statistically significant differences between exercise types: aerobic versus resistance (g = −0.10, PrI = −2.23, 2.03), mind-body versus aerobic (g = −0.36, PrI = −2.69, 1.97), or mind-body versus resistance (g = −0.46, PrI = −2.75, 1.83). Conclusions: These findings should guide optimal exercise prescription for allied health professionals and stakeholders in clinical geriatrics. Notably, clinically depressed older adults may be encouraged to self-select their preferred exercise type in order to achieve therapeutic benefit on symptoms of depression. In coalition with high levels of compliance, these data provide encouraging evidence for the antidepressant effect of either aerobic, resistance, or mind-body exercise as effective treatment adjucts for older adults presenting with clinical depression. © 2019
- Authors: Miller, Kyle , Gonçalves-Bradley, Daniela , Areerob, Pinyadapat , Hennessy, Declan , Mesagno, Christopher , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Ageing Research Reviews Vol. 58 (2020).
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Few studies have directly compared the effects of different exercise therapies on clinical depression in older adults. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of current evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness of three major exercise types (aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise) in clinically depressed older adults. Methods: We followed PRISMA-NMA guidelines and searched databases for eligible RCTs (inception – September 12th, 2019). RCTs were eligible if they included clinically depressed adults aged >65 years, implemented one or more exercise therapy arms using aerobic, resistance, or mind-body exercise, and assessed depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up using a validated clinical questionnaire. Results: A network meta-analysis was performed on 15 eligible RCTs comprising 596 participants (321 treatment and 275 controls), including aerobic (n = 6), resistance (n = 5), and mind-body (n = 4) exercise trials. Compared with controls, mind-body exercise showed the largest improvement on depressive symptoms (g = −0.87 to −1.38), followed by aerobic exercise (g = −0.51 to −1.02), and resistance exercise (g = −0.41 to −0.92). Notably, there were no statistically significant differences between exercise types: aerobic versus resistance (g = −0.10, PrI = −2.23, 2.03), mind-body versus aerobic (g = −0.36, PrI = −2.69, 1.97), or mind-body versus resistance (g = −0.46, PrI = −2.75, 1.83). Conclusions: These findings should guide optimal exercise prescription for allied health professionals and stakeholders in clinical geriatrics. Notably, clinically depressed older adults may be encouraged to self-select their preferred exercise type in order to achieve therapeutic benefit on symptoms of depression. In coalition with high levels of compliance, these data provide encouraging evidence for the antidepressant effect of either aerobic, resistance, or mind-body exercise as effective treatment adjucts for older adults presenting with clinical depression. © 2019
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease among primary care patients in Poland : results from the LIPIDOGRAM2015 study
- Jóźwiak, Jacek, Studziński, Krzysztof, Tomasik, Tomasz, Windak, Adam, Charchar, Fadi
- Authors: Jóźwiak, Jacek , Studziński, Krzysztof , Tomasik, Tomasz , Windak, Adam , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Atherosclerosis Supplements Vol. 42, no. (2020), p. e15-e24
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background and aim: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease and CV risk factors among Polish patients. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the 4th quarter of 2015 and 1st and 2nd quarters of 2016; 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care in primary health care practices. Results: Nearly 19% of men and approximately 12% of women had cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over 60% of the recruited patients had hypertension (HTN), >80% had dyslipidaemia and <15% of patients were diagnosed with diabetes (DM). All of these disorders were more frequent in men. In 80% of patients the waist circumference exceed norm for the European population. Less than half of the patients were current smokers or had smoked in the past. Patients with CVD had significantly higher blood pressure and glucose levels but lower low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD and CV risk factors among patients in Poland is high. CVD is more common in men than in women. The most common CV risk factors are excess waist circumference, dyslipidaemia and HTN. Family physicians should conduct activities to prevent, diagnose early and treat CVD in the primary health care population. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Jóźwiak, Jacek , Studziński, Krzysztof , Tomasik, Tomasz , Windak, Adam , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Atherosclerosis Supplements Vol. 42, no. (2020), p. e15-e24
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background and aim: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease and CV risk factors among Polish patients. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the 4th quarter of 2015 and 1st and 2nd quarters of 2016; 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care in primary health care practices. Results: Nearly 19% of men and approximately 12% of women had cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over 60% of the recruited patients had hypertension (HTN), >80% had dyslipidaemia and <15% of patients were diagnosed with diabetes (DM). All of these disorders were more frequent in men. In 80% of patients the waist circumference exceed norm for the European population. Less than half of the patients were current smokers or had smoked in the past. Patients with CVD had significantly higher blood pressure and glucose levels but lower low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD and CV risk factors among patients in Poland is high. CVD is more common in men than in women. The most common CV risk factors are excess waist circumference, dyslipidaemia and HTN. Family physicians should conduct activities to prevent, diagnose early and treat CVD in the primary health care population. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar” is provided in this record**
Big networks : a survey
- Bedru, Hayat, Yu, Shuo, Xiao, Xinru, Zhang, Da, Xia, Feng
- Authors: Bedru, Hayat , Yu, Shuo , Xiao, Xinru , Zhang, Da , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Computer Science Review Vol. 37, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A network is a typical expressive form of representing complex systems in terms of vertices and links, in which the pattern of interactions amongst components of the network is intricate. The network can be static that does not change over time or dynamic that evolves through time. The complication of network analysis is different under the new circumstance of network size explosive increasing. In this paper, we introduce a new network science concept called a big network. A big networks is generally in large-scale with a complicated and higher-order inner structure. This paper proposes a guideline framework that gives an insight into the major topics in the area of network science from the viewpoint of a big network. We first introduce the structural characteristics of big networks from three levels, which are micro-level, meso-level, and macro-level. We then discuss some state-of-the-art advanced topics of big network analysis. Big network models and related approaches, including ranking methods, partition approaches, as well as network embedding algorithms are systematically introduced. Some typical applications in big networks are then reviewed, such as community detection, link prediction, recommendation, etc. Moreover, we also pinpoint some critical open issues that need to be investigated further. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
- Authors: Bedru, Hayat , Yu, Shuo , Xiao, Xinru , Zhang, Da , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Computer Science Review Vol. 37, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A network is a typical expressive form of representing complex systems in terms of vertices and links, in which the pattern of interactions amongst components of the network is intricate. The network can be static that does not change over time or dynamic that evolves through time. The complication of network analysis is different under the new circumstance of network size explosive increasing. In this paper, we introduce a new network science concept called a big network. A big networks is generally in large-scale with a complicated and higher-order inner structure. This paper proposes a guideline framework that gives an insight into the major topics in the area of network science from the viewpoint of a big network. We first introduce the structural characteristics of big networks from three levels, which are micro-level, meso-level, and macro-level. We then discuss some state-of-the-art advanced topics of big network analysis. Big network models and related approaches, including ranking methods, partition approaches, as well as network embedding algorithms are systematically introduced. Some typical applications in big networks are then reviewed, such as community detection, link prediction, recommendation, etc. Moreover, we also pinpoint some critical open issues that need to be investigated further. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Network embedding : taxonomies, frameworks and applications
- Hou, Mingliang, Ren, Jing, Zhang, Da, Kong, Xiangjie, Zhang, Dongyu, Xia, Feng
- Authors: Hou, Mingliang , Ren, Jing , Zhang, Da , Kong, Xiangjie , Zhang, Dongyu , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Computer Science Review Vol. 38, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Networks are a general language for describing complex systems of interacting entities. In the real world, a network always contains massive nodes, edges and additional complex information which leads to high complexity in computing and analyzing tasks. Network embedding aims at transforming one network into a low dimensional vector space which benefits the downstream network analysis tasks. In this survey, we provide a systematic overview of network embedding techniques in addressing challenges appearing in networks. We first introduce concepts and challenges in network embedding. Afterwards, we categorize network embedding methods using three categories, including static homogeneous network embedding methods, static heterogeneous network embedding methods and dynamic network embedding methods. Next, we summarize the datasets and evaluation tasks commonly used in network embedding. Finally, we discuss several future directions in this field. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
- Authors: Hou, Mingliang , Ren, Jing , Zhang, Da , Kong, Xiangjie , Zhang, Dongyu , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Computer Science Review Vol. 38, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Networks are a general language for describing complex systems of interacting entities. In the real world, a network always contains massive nodes, edges and additional complex information which leads to high complexity in computing and analyzing tasks. Network embedding aims at transforming one network into a low dimensional vector space which benefits the downstream network analysis tasks. In this survey, we provide a systematic overview of network embedding techniques in addressing challenges appearing in networks. We first introduce concepts and challenges in network embedding. Afterwards, we categorize network embedding methods using three categories, including static homogeneous network embedding methods, static heterogeneous network embedding methods and dynamic network embedding methods. Next, we summarize the datasets and evaluation tasks commonly used in network embedding. Finally, we discuss several future directions in this field. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Temperature dynamics in different body regions of decomposing vertebrate remains
- Barton, Philip, Dawson, Blake, Barton, Andrew, Joshua, Sergio, Wallman, James
- Authors: Barton, Philip , Dawson, Blake , Barton, Andrew , Joshua, Sergio , Wallman, James
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Forensic Science International Vol. 325, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The decomposition of vertebrates is controlled largely by external temperature, yet internal temperatures can also play an important role but are generally poorly documented. In this study, we compared continuous hourly temperature recordings from the mouth, under the head, right chest and right abdomen, and in the rectum of one refrigerated human and one fresh pig cadaver during 29 days of decomposition. Each cadaver differed in its internal starting temperature, thus providing two contrasting case studies for examining temperature dynamics among body regions. We used time-series analysis methods common to hydrology to reveal key differences in internal temperature dynamics. Within both cadavers, the chest region experienced the highest average temperatures, and the mouth experienced the highest maximum hourly temperature. Temperatures exceeded 30 °C inside the pig for between 40% (rectum) and 75% (chest) of the duration of the study, but for only 20% (rectum) and 35% (chest) of the time in the human. Our study provides evidence of the different thermal trajectories occurring in different body regions, and some similarities between two cadavers despite their different starting thermal conditions. These results improve our understanding of why decomposition occurs at different rates within the same cadaver, and that the location of blowfly larvae collections should be noted to improve estimates of the post-mortem interval. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
- Authors: Barton, Philip , Dawson, Blake , Barton, Andrew , Joshua, Sergio , Wallman, James
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Forensic Science International Vol. 325, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The decomposition of vertebrates is controlled largely by external temperature, yet internal temperatures can also play an important role but are generally poorly documented. In this study, we compared continuous hourly temperature recordings from the mouth, under the head, right chest and right abdomen, and in the rectum of one refrigerated human and one fresh pig cadaver during 29 days of decomposition. Each cadaver differed in its internal starting temperature, thus providing two contrasting case studies for examining temperature dynamics among body regions. We used time-series analysis methods common to hydrology to reveal key differences in internal temperature dynamics. Within both cadavers, the chest region experienced the highest average temperatures, and the mouth experienced the highest maximum hourly temperature. Temperatures exceeded 30 °C inside the pig for between 40% (rectum) and 75% (chest) of the duration of the study, but for only 20% (rectum) and 35% (chest) of the time in the human. Our study provides evidence of the different thermal trajectories occurring in different body regions, and some similarities between two cadavers despite their different starting thermal conditions. These results improve our understanding of why decomposition occurs at different rates within the same cadaver, and that the location of blowfly larvae collections should be noted to improve estimates of the post-mortem interval. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Public health education by emergency nurses : a scoping review and narrative synthesis
- Coombs, Nicole, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael, Plummer, Virginia
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Plummer, Virginia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Patient Education and Counseling Vol. 105, no. 5 (2022), p. 1181-1187
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To identify the extent, range, and nature of the evidence on public health education provided by emergency nurses. Methods: A scoping review, using the methodological guidance of Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to scope and map the literature and research activity. Using predetermined criteria, databases, grey literature, and reference lists were searched for eligible sources. At least two authors reviewed each article. A narrative synthesis methodology was utilised to analyse and report the findings. Results: There was significant methodological heterogeneity between sources (n = 6). Three themes were identified: 1) Benefits of the system: An opportunity to inform the public, 2) The barriers: Time pressures and being prepared and 3) The strategies: Plan for structured and created teachable moments Conclusion: Limited research is being conducted in this area. Further research is needed to understand emergency nurse's practice and attitudes towards providing public health messages. Practice implications: Emergency nurses need to utilise the ‘teachable moment‘ for every emergency admission, providing opportunistic preventative education to improve health outcomes and reduce demand on the healthcare system. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Plummer, Virginia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Patient Education and Counseling Vol. 105, no. 5 (2022), p. 1181-1187
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To identify the extent, range, and nature of the evidence on public health education provided by emergency nurses. Methods: A scoping review, using the methodological guidance of Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to scope and map the literature and research activity. Using predetermined criteria, databases, grey literature, and reference lists were searched for eligible sources. At least two authors reviewed each article. A narrative synthesis methodology was utilised to analyse and report the findings. Results: There was significant methodological heterogeneity between sources (n = 6). Three themes were identified: 1) Benefits of the system: An opportunity to inform the public, 2) The barriers: Time pressures and being prepared and 3) The strategies: Plan for structured and created teachable moments Conclusion: Limited research is being conducted in this area. Further research is needed to understand emergency nurse's practice and attitudes towards providing public health messages. Practice implications: Emergency nurses need to utilise the ‘teachable moment‘ for every emergency admission, providing opportunistic preventative education to improve health outcomes and reduce demand on the healthcare system. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Motivational strategies to improve adherence to physical activity in breast cancer survivors : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Pudkasam, Supa, Feehan, Jack, Talevski, Jason, Vingrys, Kristina, Polman, Remco, Chinlumprasert, Nanthaphan, Stojanovska, Lily, Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Authors: Pudkasam, Supa , Feehan, Jack , Talevski, Jason , Vingrys, Kristina , Polman, Remco , Chinlumprasert, Nanthaphan , Stojanovska, Lily , Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Maturitas Vol. 152, no. (2021), p. 32-47
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Two behavioral change-based strategies for promoting adherence to physical activity (PA) suggested to have the greatest potential are the pedometer and Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there are no comparisons between these two strategies identifying which one is more effective for improving PA adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine which PA motivation strategy is more effective for promoting adherence to self-directed PA in female breast cancer survivors. Studies implementing self-directed PA which used a step tracker and/or MI for motivation in female breast cancer survivors were identified from the following databases at two timepoints, September 2019 and June 2020: CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sportdiscuss. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for data extraction, whereas ten RCTs were included in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on pooled data to estimate the standardized mean differences in PA duration and step count, and 95% confidence intervals. The number of participants meeting PA recommendations was also analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed for three motivational strategies (pedometer combined with counselling, with print material or with motivational interviewing). Meta-analysis showed that pedometer combined with another intervention has a small effect on step count (p = 0.03) and a moderate effect on duration of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = <0.0001) compared to controls. Additionally, motivational strategies increase the number of participants who meet a PA goal (p = 0.005). The findings of this review endorse the use of a step tracker combined with counselling, print material or MI based on behavioral change theory. This approach provided the most consistent positive effect on adherence to self-directed PA among breast cancer survivors. Future studies should evaluate differences between measures of adherence to self-directed PA, to identify the best motivation strategy for improving patient adherence and health outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42020148542 © 2021
- Authors: Pudkasam, Supa , Feehan, Jack , Talevski, Jason , Vingrys, Kristina , Polman, Remco , Chinlumprasert, Nanthaphan , Stojanovska, Lily , Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Maturitas Vol. 152, no. (2021), p. 32-47
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Two behavioral change-based strategies for promoting adherence to physical activity (PA) suggested to have the greatest potential are the pedometer and Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there are no comparisons between these two strategies identifying which one is more effective for improving PA adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine which PA motivation strategy is more effective for promoting adherence to self-directed PA in female breast cancer survivors. Studies implementing self-directed PA which used a step tracker and/or MI for motivation in female breast cancer survivors were identified from the following databases at two timepoints, September 2019 and June 2020: CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sportdiscuss. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for data extraction, whereas ten RCTs were included in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on pooled data to estimate the standardized mean differences in PA duration and step count, and 95% confidence intervals. The number of participants meeting PA recommendations was also analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed for three motivational strategies (pedometer combined with counselling, with print material or with motivational interviewing). Meta-analysis showed that pedometer combined with another intervention has a small effect on step count (p = 0.03) and a moderate effect on duration of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = <0.0001) compared to controls. Additionally, motivational strategies increase the number of participants who meet a PA goal (p = 0.005). The findings of this review endorse the use of a step tracker combined with counselling, print material or MI based on behavioral change theory. This approach provided the most consistent positive effect on adherence to self-directed PA among breast cancer survivors. Future studies should evaluate differences between measures of adherence to self-directed PA, to identify the best motivation strategy for improving patient adherence and health outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42020148542 © 2021
Filter feature selection based boolean modelling for genetic network inference
- Gamage, Hasini, Chetty, Madhu, Shatte, Adrian, Hallinan, Jennifer
- Authors: Gamage, Hasini , Chetty, Madhu , Shatte, Adrian , Hallinan, Jennifer
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BioSystems Vol. 221, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from time series gene expression data is highly relevant for the discovery of complex biological interactions and dynamics. Various computational strategies have been developed for this task, but most approaches have low computational efficiency and are not able to cope with high-dimensional, low sample-number, gene expression data. In this paper, we introduce a novel combined filter feature selection approach for efficient and accurate inference of GRNs. A Boolean framework for network modelling is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Using discretized microarray expression data, the genes most relevant to each target gene are first filtered using ReliefF, an instance-based feature ranking method that is here applied for the first time to GRN inference. Then, further gene selection from the filtered-gene list is done using a mutual information-based min-redundancy max-relevance criterion by eliminating irrelevant genes. This combined method is executed on resampled datasets to finalize the optimal set of regulatory genes. Building upon our previous research, a Pearson correlation coefficient-based Boolean modelling approach is utilized for the efficient identification of the optimal regulatory rules associated with selected regulatory genes. The proposed approach was evaluated using gene expression datasets from small-scale and medium-scale real gene networks, and was observed to be more effective than Linear Discriminant Analysis, performed better than the individual feature selection methods, and obtained improved Structural Accuracy with a higher number of true positives than other state-of-the-art methods, while outperforming these methods with respect to Dynamic Accuracy and efficiency. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
- Authors: Gamage, Hasini , Chetty, Madhu , Shatte, Adrian , Hallinan, Jennifer
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BioSystems Vol. 221, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from time series gene expression data is highly relevant for the discovery of complex biological interactions and dynamics. Various computational strategies have been developed for this task, but most approaches have low computational efficiency and are not able to cope with high-dimensional, low sample-number, gene expression data. In this paper, we introduce a novel combined filter feature selection approach for efficient and accurate inference of GRNs. A Boolean framework for network modelling is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Using discretized microarray expression data, the genes most relevant to each target gene are first filtered using ReliefF, an instance-based feature ranking method that is here applied for the first time to GRN inference. Then, further gene selection from the filtered-gene list is done using a mutual information-based min-redundancy max-relevance criterion by eliminating irrelevant genes. This combined method is executed on resampled datasets to finalize the optimal set of regulatory genes. Building upon our previous research, a Pearson correlation coefficient-based Boolean modelling approach is utilized for the efficient identification of the optimal regulatory rules associated with selected regulatory genes. The proposed approach was evaluated using gene expression datasets from small-scale and medium-scale real gene networks, and was observed to be more effective than Linear Discriminant Analysis, performed better than the individual feature selection methods, and obtained improved Structural Accuracy with a higher number of true positives than other state-of-the-art methods, while outperforming these methods with respect to Dynamic Accuracy and efficiency. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on corticospinal and cortico-cortical excitability and response variability : conventional versus high-definition montages
- Pellegrini, Michael, Zoghi, Maryam, Jaberzadeh, Shapour
- Authors: Pellegrini, Michael , Zoghi, Maryam , Jaberzadeh, Shapour
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Neuroscience Research Vol. 166, no. (2021), p. 12-25
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Response variability following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) highlights need for exploring different tDCS electrode montages. Corticospinal excitability (CSE), cortico-cortical excitability and intra-individual variability was compared following conventional and high-definition (HD) anodal (a-tDCS) and cathodal (c-tDCS) tDCS. Fifteen healthy males attended four sessions at-least one-week apart: conventional a-tDCS, conventional c-tDCS, HD-a-tDCS, HD-c-tDCS. TDCS was administered (1 mA, 10-minutes) over primary motor cortex (M1), via 6 × 4 cm active and 7 × 5 cm return electrodes (conventional tDCS) and 4 × 1 ring-electrodes 3.5 cm apart over M1 (HD-tDCS). For CSE, twenty-five single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) peak-to-peak motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded at baseline, 0-minutes and 30-minutes post-tDCS. Twenty-five paired-pulse MEPs with 3-millisecond (ms) inter-pulse interval (IPI) and twenty-five at 10 ms assessed short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). MEP standardised z-values standard deviations represented intra-individual variability. No significant changes in CSE from baseline were reported for all four interventions. No significant differences were reported in CSE between conventional and HD a-tDCS, but significant differences between conventional and HD c-tDCS 0-minutes post-tDCS. Conventional tDCS significantly reduced intra-individual variability compared to HD-tDCS for a-tDCS (0-minutes) and c-tDCS (30-minutes). No changes were reported for SICI/ICF. These novel findings of increased intra-individual variability following HD-tDCS, at the current stimulus parameters, highlight need for further nuanced research and refinement to optimise the HD-tDCS dosage-response relationship. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. and Japan Neuroscience Society
- Authors: Pellegrini, Michael , Zoghi, Maryam , Jaberzadeh, Shapour
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Neuroscience Research Vol. 166, no. (2021), p. 12-25
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Response variability following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) highlights need for exploring different tDCS electrode montages. Corticospinal excitability (CSE), cortico-cortical excitability and intra-individual variability was compared following conventional and high-definition (HD) anodal (a-tDCS) and cathodal (c-tDCS) tDCS. Fifteen healthy males attended four sessions at-least one-week apart: conventional a-tDCS, conventional c-tDCS, HD-a-tDCS, HD-c-tDCS. TDCS was administered (1 mA, 10-minutes) over primary motor cortex (M1), via 6 × 4 cm active and 7 × 5 cm return electrodes (conventional tDCS) and 4 × 1 ring-electrodes 3.5 cm apart over M1 (HD-tDCS). For CSE, twenty-five single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) peak-to-peak motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded at baseline, 0-minutes and 30-minutes post-tDCS. Twenty-five paired-pulse MEPs with 3-millisecond (ms) inter-pulse interval (IPI) and twenty-five at 10 ms assessed short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). MEP standardised z-values standard deviations represented intra-individual variability. No significant changes in CSE from baseline were reported for all four interventions. No significant differences were reported in CSE between conventional and HD a-tDCS, but significant differences between conventional and HD c-tDCS 0-minutes post-tDCS. Conventional tDCS significantly reduced intra-individual variability compared to HD-tDCS for a-tDCS (0-minutes) and c-tDCS (30-minutes). No changes were reported for SICI/ICF. These novel findings of increased intra-individual variability following HD-tDCS, at the current stimulus parameters, highlight need for further nuanced research and refinement to optimise the HD-tDCS dosage-response relationship. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. and Japan Neuroscience Society
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »