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Five insights from the global burden of disease study 2019

- Abbafati, Christiana, Machado, Daiane, Cislaghi, Beniamino, Salman, Omar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz

  • Authors: Abbafati, Christiana , Machado, Daiane , Cislaghi, Beniamino , Salman, Omar , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: The Lancet Vol. 396, no. 10258 (2020), p. 1135-1159
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  • Description: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record**

Applications of Computed Tomography (CT) in environmental soil and plant sciences

- Zhang, Huan, He, Hailong, Gao, Yanjun, Mady, Ahmed, Filipović, Vilim, Dyck, Miles, Lv, Jialong, Liu, Yang

  • Authors: Zhang, Huan , He, Hailong , Gao, Yanjun , Mady, Ahmed , Filipović, Vilim , Dyck, Miles , Lv, Jialong , Liu, Yang
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Soil and Tillage Research Vol. 226, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: Computed tomography (CT) in combination with advanced image processing can be used to non-invasively and non-destructively visualize complex interiors of living and non-living media in 2 and 3-dimensional space. In addition to medical applications, CT has also been widely used in soil and plant science for visual and quantitative descriptions of physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes. The technique has been used successfully on numerous applications. However, with a rapidly evolving CT technologies and expanding applications, a renewed review is desirable. Only a few attempts have been made to collate and review examples of CT applications involving the integrated field of soil and plant research in recent years. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to: (1) briefly introduce the basic principles of CT and image processing; (2) identify the research status and hot spots of CT using bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science literature over the past three decades; (3) provide an overall review of CT applications in soil science for measuring soil properties (e.g., porous soil structure, soil components, soil biology, heat transfer, water flow, and solute transport); and (4) give an overview of applications of CT in plant science to detect morphological structures, plant material properties, and root-soil interaction. Moreover, the limitations of CT and image processing are discussed and future perspectives are given. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

A survey of blockchain-based IoT eHealthcare : applications, research issues, and challenges

- Rahman, Md Shafiur, Islam, Md Amirul, Uddin, Md Ashraf, Stea, Giovanni

  • Authors: Rahman, Md Shafiur , Islam, Md Amirul , Uddin, Md Ashraf , Stea, Giovanni
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Internet of Things (Netherlands) Vol. 19, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: Blockchain (BC) technology has recently emerged as an essential component for different applications, including healthcare and IoT, because of its decentralized ledger, source provenance, and tamper-proof nature. The Internet of Things (IoT) and BC have enabled health systems to expand their scalability and maintain consistency on a decentralized platform. As a result, many researchers have developed BC-enabled IoT eHealth systems and explored the application of BC technology in diverse fields of eHealthcare. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey on the emerging applications of BC technology in healthcare. We summarize applications, research issues, security threats, research challenges, opportunities, and the future scope of BC technologies in the IoT-enabled healthcare system when BC is adopted to handle the privacy and storage of current and future medical records. Furthermore, we analyze the state-of-the-art BC works in the medical area, assessing their benefits-drawbacks, and guiding future researchers to overcome the limitations of the existing articles. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Kidney omics in hypertension: from statistical associations to biological mechanisms and clinical applications

- Tomaszewski, Maciej, Morris, Andrew, Howson, Joanna, Franceschini, Nora, Eales, James, Xu, Xiaoguang, Dikalov, Sergey, Guzik, Tomasz, Humphreys, Benjamin, Harrap, Stephen, Charchar, Fadi

  • Authors: Tomaszewski, Maciej , Morris, Andrew , Howson, Joanna , Franceschini, Nora , Eales, James , Xu, Xiaoguang , Dikalov, Sergey , Guzik, Tomasz , Humphreys, Benjamin , Harrap, Stephen , Charchar, Fadi
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Kidney International Vol. 102, no. 3 (2022), p. 492-505
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  • Description: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and contributor to premature death globally. Family-based investigations confirmed a significant heritable component of blood pressure (BP), whereas genome-wide association studies revealed >1000 common and rare genetic variants associated with BP and/or hypertension. The kidney is not only an organ of key relevance to BP regulation and the development of hypertension, but it also acts as the tissue mediator of genetic predisposition to hypertension. The identity of kidney genes, pathways, and related mechanisms underlying the genetic associations with BP has started to emerge through integration of genomics with kidney transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other omics as well as through applications of causal inference, such as Mendelian randomization. Single-cell methods further enabled mapping of BP-associated kidney genes to cell types, and in conjunction with other omics, started to illuminate the biological mechanisms underpinning associations of BP-associated genetic variants and kidney genes. Polygenic risk scores derived from genome-wide association studies and refined on kidney omics hold the promise of enhanced diagnostic prediction, whereas kidney omics-informed drug discovery is likely to contribute new therapeutic opportunities for hypertension and hypertension-mediated kidney damage. © 2022 International Society of Nephrology

Exploring the extent to which simulation-based education addresses contemporary patient safety priorities : a scoping review

- Seaton, Philippa, Levett-Jones, Tracy, Cant, Robyn, Cooper, Simon, Kelly, Michelle, McKenna, Lisa, Ng, Linda, Bogossian, Fiona

  • Authors: Seaton, Philippa , Levett-Jones, Tracy , Cant, Robyn , Cooper, Simon , Kelly, Michelle , McKenna, Lisa , Ng, Linda , Bogossian, Fiona
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Collegian Vol. 26, no. 1 (2019), p. 194-203
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  • Description: Background: There is unprecedented increase in use of simulation-based education in healthcare settings. The key driver is improving quality and safety in healthcare. To date, there is limited understanding of the degree to which this goal has been achieved. Aim: This scoping review aimed to explore the extent to which simulation-based education in healthcare has addressed and impacted contemporary patient safety priorities. Methods: Systematic searches of literature (2007–2016) were based on each of 10 patient safety priorities articulated in Australia's National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards and New Zealand's Health, Quality and Safety Indicators and markers. Included primary studies evaluated transferability to practice and/or behavioural change and improved patient outcomes, based on Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model Level 3 and Level 4. Findings: Fifteen papers met inclusion criteria. Studies aligned with four of ten National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards: (3). Preventing and controlling healthcare associated infections; (4). Medication safety; (6). Clinical handover; (9). Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration. The studies were indicative of potential for simulation-based education to have a significant impact on patient safety. Discussion: Studies that qualify as translational science, demonstrating changes in clinician behaviours and improved patient outcomes, are emerging. Little evidence from Australian and New Zealand contexts suggests that outcomes of simulation-based education in this region are not commensurate with the significant government investments. Conclusion: Translational studies, despite being difficult to design and conduct, should form part of a thematic, sustained and cumulative program of simulation-based research to identify translational science. © 2018 Australian College of Nursing Ltd

Application of artificial intelligence in geotechnical engineering : a state-of-the-art review

- Baghbani, Abolfazl, Choudhury, Tanveer, Costa, Susanga, Reiner, Johannes

  • Authors: Baghbani, Abolfazl , Choudhury, Tanveer , Costa, Susanga , Reiner, Johannes
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Earth-Science Reviews Vol. 228, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: Geotechnical engineering deals with soils and rocks and their use in engineering constructions. By their nature, soils and rocks exhibit complex behaviours and a high level of uncertainty in material modelling. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been developed and used by an increasing number of researchers in the field of geotechnical engineering in the last three decades. These methods have been considered successful due to their ability to predict complex nonlinear relationships. Based on more than one thousand (i.e. 1235) published literatures, this paper presents a detailed review of the performance of AI methods and algorithms used in geotechnical engineering. Nine key areas where the application of AI methods is prominent were identified: frozen soils and soil thermal properties, rock mechanics, subgrade soil and pavements, landslide and soil liquefaction, slope stability, shallow and piles foundations, tunnelling and tunnel boring machine, dams, and unsaturated soils. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) emerged as the most widely used and preferred AI method with 52% of studies relying on it. Other methods that were used to a lesser extent were FIS, ANFIS, SVM, LSTM, CNN, ResNet and GAN. The analysis shows that the success and accuracy of AI applications depends on the number and type of datasets and selection of input parameters. The paper also provides statistical information on research incorporating AI methods and discusses the opportunities and challenges for future research and practical applications in geotechnical engineering. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women

- Chen, Jiarui, Cross, Wendy, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Tang, Siyuan

  • Authors: Chen, Jiarui , Cross, Wendy , Plummer, Virginia , Lam, Louisa , Tang, Siyuan
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Women and Birth Vol. 32, no. 6 (Dec 2019), p. 487-492
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  • Description: Background: As the number of immigrants grows, the health of Chinese immigrant women, especially their perinatal health, has gradually attracted public attention. Our review has two main purposes. First, estimate the prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms in Chinese immigrant women, and then determine risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms among these women. Methods: The following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and PubMed were used in literature search from their commencements until November 21st 2017. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal instruments were used to evaluate the quality of the article. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, contributed to our review and meta-analysis. Result: The prevalence of postpartum depression is high in Chinese immigrant women. Risk factors for postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women were defined as lack of social support, unstable economic status, and acculturation. Conclusion: There have been few studies on postpartum depression among Chinese immigrant women. Existing studies have shown a high prevalence of postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women. Moreover, there is an urgent need for studies on postpartum depression among Chinese immigrant women informing better understanding, programs of care and improving the perinatal health status of Chinese immigrant women. (C) 2018 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Operationalising digital soil mapping – lessons from Australia

- Kidd, Darren, Searle, Ross, Grundy, Mike, McBratney, Alex, Robinson, Nathan, O'Brien, Lauren, Zund, Peter, Arrouays, Dominique, Thomas, Mark, Padarian, José, Jones, Edward, Bennett, John, Minasny, Budiman, Holmes, Karen, Malone, Brendan, Liddicoat, Craig, Meier, Elizabeth, Stockmann, Uta, Wilson, Peter, Wilford, John, Payne, Jim, Ringrose-Voase, Anthony, Slater, Brian, Odgers, Nathan, Gray, Jonathan, van Gool, Dennis, Andrews, Kaitlyn, Harms, Ben, Stower, Liz, Triantafilis, John

Exploring the existence and potential underpinnings of dog-human and horse-human attachment bonds

- Payne, Elyssa, DeAraugo, Jodi, Bennett, Pauleen, McGreevy, Paul

  • Authors: Payne, Elyssa , DeAraugo, Jodi , Bennett, Pauleen , McGreevy, Paul
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Behavioural Processes Vol. 125, no. (2016), p. 114-121
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  • Description: This article reviews evidence for the existence of attachment bonds directed toward humans in dog-human and horse-human dyads. It explores each species' alignment with the four features of a typical attachment bond: separation-related distress, safe haven, secure base and proximity seeking. While dog-human dyads show evidence of each of these, there is limited alignment for horse-human dyads. These differences are discussed in the light of the different selection paths of domestic dogs and horses as well as the different contexts in which the two species interact with humans. The role of emotional intelligence in humans as a potential mediator for human-animal relationships, attachment or otherwise, is also examined. Finally, future studies, which may clarify the interplay between attachment, human-animal relationships and emotional intelligence, are proposed. Such avenues of research may help us explore the concepts of trust and bonding that are often said to occur at the dog-human and horse-human interface. © 2015.

Unmanned aerial vehicle for internet of everything : opportunities and challenges

- Liu, Yalin, Dai, Hong-Ning, Wang, Qubeijian, Shukla, Mahendra, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Liu, Yalin , Dai, Hong-Ning , Wang, Qubeijian , Shukla, Mahendra , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Computer Communications Vol. 155, no. (2020), p. 66-83
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  • Description: The recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have further extended Internet of Things (IoT) from the sole “things” aspect to the omnipotent role of “intelligent connection of things”. Meanwhile, the concept of internet of everything (IoE) is presented as such an omnipotent extension of IoT. However, the IoE realization meets critical challenges including the restricted network coverage and the limited resource of existing network technologies. Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have attracted significant attentions attributed to their high mobility, low cost, and flexible deployment. Thus, UAVs may potentially overcome the challenges of IoE. This article presents a comprehensive survey on opportunities and challenges of UAV-enabled IoE. We first present three critical expectations of IoE: (1) scalability requiring a scalable network architecture with ubiquitous coverage, (2) intelligence requiring a global computing plane enabling intelligent things, (3) diversity requiring provisions of diverse applications. Thereafter, we review the enabling technologies to achieve these expectations and discuss four intrinsic constraints of IoE (i.e., coverage constraint, battery constraint, computing constraint, and security issues). We then present an overview of UAVs. We next discuss the opportunities brought by UAV to IoE. Additionally, we introduce a UAV-enabled IoE (Ue-IoE) solution by exploiting UAVs's mobility, in which we show that Ue-IoE can greatly enhance the scalability, intelligence and diversity of IoE. Finally, we outline the future directions in Ue-IoE. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Eocene-Oligocene coals of the Gippsland and Australo-Antarctic basins – Paleoclimatic and paleogeographic context and implications for the earliest Cenozoic glaciations

- Holdgate, Guy, Sluiter, Ian, Taglieri, Jessica

  • Authors: Holdgate, Guy , Sluiter, Ian , Taglieri, Jessica
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Vol. 472, no. (2017), p. 236-255
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  • Description: Australia's Gippsland Basin contains a semi-continuous Eocene-Oligocene (41.5–28.4 Ma) near-coastal coal record that formed adjacent to Pacific Ocean. Traralgon and Morwell Formation brown coals include 4 main seams (T2, T1, T0, M2). Coal seam palynology records show late Middle Eocene (T2) coals formed under megathermic conditions characterized by high-gymnosperm contents, Late Eocene (T1) coals formed under mesothermic conditions characterized by reduced-gymnosperm contents and earliest indications of palaeoclimate cooling. Earliest Oligocene T0 coal record (33.9–31.5 Ma) contains high-gymnosperm palynology profile, very similar to the T2 coals. The earliest indication of cooler climes only begins after this coal formed as indicated by low-gymnosperm high-Nothofagus (southern beech) pollen proportions. We suggest in Gippsland the earliest evidence for major glacial cooling (by inference the Oi1 event) be placed immediately above the T0 coal seam where Early to Late Oligocene Morwell Formation sands, clays and coals contain low counts of gymnosperms (< 10%) but high average proportions of Nothofagus (50%). This is the main definitive indicator that palaeoclimates had cooled between the Eocene and Oligocene. This agrees with the current ocean drilling position of the earliest (Oi1) glacial event shortly above the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. A number of contemporaneous Middle to Late Eocene brown coals occurred in near-coastal settings across 1200 km of southern Australia. Palaeogeographically, all these coal basins faced the Australo-Antarctic Gulf and have a much lower gymnosperm proportion (< 10%), low Nothofagus proportion (< 10%), but very high (non-Nothofagus) angiosperms proportion. This suggests a different climatic regime separated a cooler and wetter Gippsland Basin flora that responded to the cooler Proto-Ross Sea Gyre rotating around a wide Pacific Ocean, and a warm-wet climate associated with a warm proto-Leeuwin current of the Australo-Antarctic Gulf. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Deep learning and big data technologies for IoT security

- Amanullah, Mohamed, Habeeb, Riyaz, Nasaruddin, Fariza, Gani, Abdullah, Ahmed, Ejaz, Nainar, Abdul, Akim, Nazihah, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Amanullah, Mohamed , Habeeb, Riyaz , Nasaruddin, Fariza , Gani, Abdullah , Ahmed, Ejaz , Nainar, Abdul , Akim, Nazihah , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Computer Communications Vol. 151, no. (2020), p. 495-517
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  • Description: Technology has become inevitable in human life, especially the growth of Internet of Things (IoT), which enables communication and interaction with various devices. However, IoT has been proven to be vulnerable to security breaches. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fool proof solutions by creating new technologies or combining existing technologies to address the security issues. Deep learning, a branch of machine learning has shown promising results in previous studies for detection of security breaches. Additionally, IoT devices generate large volumes, variety, and veracity of data. Thus, when big data technologies are incorporated, higher performance and better data handling can be achieved. Hence, we have conducted a comprehensive survey on state-of-the-art deep learning, IoT security, and big data technologies. Further, a comparative analysis and the relationship among deep learning, IoT security, and big data technologies have also been discussed. Further, we have derived a thematic taxonomy from the comparative analysis of technical studies of the three aforementioned domains. Finally, we have identified and discussed the challenges in incorporating deep learning for IoT security using big data technologies and have provided directions to future researchers on the IoT security aspects. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

In search of pragmatic soil moisture mapping at the field scale : a review

- Weir, Peter, Dahlhaus, Peter

  • Authors: Weir, Peter , Dahlhaus, Peter
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Smart Agricultural Technology Vol. 6, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: Soil moisture is a major limiting factor in most dryland agricultural production systems around the globe. In dryland agriculture the amount of water available to grow a crop is determined primarily by the in-season rainfall and the amount of water stored in the soil profile prior to seeding of the crop. Soil water content and water storage capacity are key parameters. Soil moisture data measurements are a compromise between the spatial scale of the investigated site, the required spatial resolution, and the depth of investigation of the applied method. A bibliographic search of the measurement of soil moisture content at field-scale was done, giving an overview of current practices available to determine the spatial variability within a field, and its applicability to farm management practices. Articles published between April 2013 and March 2023 were searched, retaining only the articles with horizontal resolution less than or equal to 100 m, minimum vertical support at a depth greater than or equal to 30 cm from the soil surface, a minimum of two vertical layer depths, and the topic of the document was associated with the measurement of soil moisture at field-scale. The results of this review highlight progress in the past decade but currently there is no one method that can achieve absolute continuous spatial soil moisture in 3D at the field level. Some areas of research show promise but is still some distance away from a reliable, timely, and accurate soil moisture mapping required for many extensive dryland farming systems. © 2023

The role of interoperable data standards in precision livestock farming in extensive livestock systems : A review

- Bahlo, Christiane, Dahlhaus, Peter, Thompson, Helen, Trotter, Mark

  • Authors: Bahlo, Christiane , Dahlhaus, Peter , Thompson, Helen , Trotter, Mark
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Vol. 156, no. (2019), p. 459-466
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  • Description: Livestock industries are increasingly embracing precision farming and decision support tools. As a result, sensors, weather stations, individual animal tracking, feed monitoring and other sources create large data volumes, much of which is used only for a single purpose. There are unrealised potential benefits of making on farm data interoperable and accessible and federating it with public data sources. We reviewed recent literature on precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies in relation to the use of public data, open standards and interoperability. Livestock farms produce rising volumes of disparate private datasets, reflecting a variety of information needs and technological opportunities, but typically lacking interoperable formats and metadata. These as well as large amounts of accessible public datasets are currently underutilised in decision support tools. Tools that demonstrate the use of interoperable standards and bring together public and private data for decision support can enhance the value proposition and help lower barriers to the sharing and re-use of data. This review of interoperable standards in extensive livestock farming systems concludes that there is a need for not only a new type of decision support tool, but also a consensus on data exchange standards to prove the value of shared data at farm scale (commercial benefit) and a regional scale (public good). © 2018

The effectiveness of the role of advanced nurse practitioners compared to physician-led or usual care : a systematic review

- Htay, Maung, Whitehead, Dean

  • Authors: Htay, Maung , Whitehead, Dean
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances Vol. 3, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the role of advanced nurse practitioners compared to physicians-led/ usual care (care managed by medical doctors or non-advanced nurse practitioners) Background: Advanced nurse practitioners contribute to the improvement of quality patient care and have substantial potential to optimise the health of people globally. Since the formal recognition of advanced nurse practitioners by the International Council of Nurses, among others, the role has been adopted across most departments and clinical specialties, particularly in high-income countries. Design: Systematic review of primary research evidence Data Source: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane registry, Cochrane trials, and Cochrane EPOC (PDQ Evidence) were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of patient care and health resource utilisation outcomes associated with advanced nurse practitioners. Review Methods: The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The chosen articles were restricted to full-text English language trials published in the last 20 years, incorporating comparators of usual care. Search terms were limited to variations of advanced nurse practitioner role and practice. The eligible studies were bias risk assessed and quality assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Clinical and service outcomes were analysed using narrative synthesis as the marked heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis. Results: Thirteen RCTs were reviewed. All of them were conducted across high-income countries within primary care and hospital settings involving paediatric and adult patients. Five trials were assessed as high quality, and eight were of low to moderate quality. Positive effects were demonstrated for the impact of advanced nurse practitioners on usual care; for indigestion, mean difference [MD] 2.3: 95% CI 1.4, 3.1]), perceptions of health status [ (MD –140.6; 95% CI –184.8, –96.5)], satisfaction levels [ (MD ranged from –8.79; 95% CI –13.59, –3.98 to 0.61; 95% CI –4.84, 6.05)], physical function (1.58 [SD 0.76] v. 1.81 [SD 0.90]), and blood pressure control (systolic [133 [SD 21] v. 135 [SD 19] mmHg p = 0.04] and diastolic [77 [SD 10] v. 80 [SD 11] mmHg p = 0.007]) were looked at. Positive effects related to service provision included improved patient satisfaction and reductions in waiting times and costs, which significantly favored advanced nurse practitioners (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The evidence of this review supports the positive impact of advanced nurse practitioners on clinical and service-related outcomes: patient satisfaction, waiting times, control of chronic disease, and cost-effectiveness especially when directly compared to medical practitioner-led care and usual care practices - in primary, secondary and specialist care settings involving both adult and pediatric populations. © 2021

Crop monitoring by multimodal remote sensing : a review

- Karmakar, Priyabrata, Teng, Shyh, Murshed, Manzur, Pang, Shaoning, Li, Yanyu, Lin, Hao

  • Authors: Karmakar, Priyabrata , Teng, Shyh , Murshed, Manzur , Pang, Shaoning , Li, Yanyu , Lin, Hao
  • Date: 2024
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment Vol. 33, no. (2024), p.
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  • Description: Effective approaches to achieve food safety and security can prevent catastrophic situations. Therefore, it is required to monitor agricultural crops on a regular basis. This can be easily achieved by capturing data from various remote sensing (RS) devices followed by processing them. Most RS devices are useful in monitoring crops and analysing different stages of plant growth successfully. However, individual devices have some limitations. To overcome this, multimodal remote sensing (MRS) methods have been gradually gaining popularity. In the multimodal approach, data from more than one modality are used together to obtain a better outcome. This is because, different modalities of data when used together can complement each other to achieve the same objective by combining their strengths and reducing their limitations, simultaneously. MRS methods have been found to be particularly useful for crop monitoring as they allow for the integration of data from multiple sources, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of plant growth and development. By using MRS methods, it is possible to obtain a more accurate and detailed analysis of crop conditions, leading to improved decision-making and ultimately, better crop yields. In this paper, we will explore how MRS methods have been successfully utilised in crop monitoring and how the data obtained from these methods can provide valuable insights into the health and development of plants. © 2023 The Authors

Women's experiences of birth trauma :a scoping review

- Watson, Kirsty, White, Colleen, Hall, Helen, Hewitt, Alana

  • Authors: Watson, Kirsty , White, Colleen , Hall, Helen , Hewitt, Alana
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Women and Birth Vol. 34, no. 5 (2021), p. 417-424
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  • Description: Background: A high number of Australian women report experiencing traumatic birth events. Despite high incidence and potential wide spread and long-lasting effects, birth trauma is poorly recognised and insufficiently treated. Birth trauma can trigger ongoing psychosocial symptoms for women, including anxiety, tokophobia, bonding difficulties, relationship issues and PTSD. Additionally, women's future fertility choices can be inhibited by birth trauma. Aim: To summarize the existing literature to provide insight into women's experiences of birth trauma unrelated to a specific pre-existing obstetric or contextual factor. Methods: The review follows 5 stages of Arksey and O'Malley's framework. 7 databases were searched using indexed terms and boolen operators. Data searching identified 1354 records, 5 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings: Three key themes emerged; (1) health care providers and the maternity care system. (2) Women's sense of knowing and control. (3) Support. Discussion: Continuity of carer creates the foundations for facilitative interactions between care provider and woman which increases the likelihood of a positive birth experience. Women are able to gain a sense of feeling informed and being in control when empowering and individualized care is offered. Functional social supports and forms of debriefing promotes psychological processing and can enable post traumatic growth. Conclusion: Existing literature highlights how birth trauma is strongly influenced by negative health care provider interactions and dysfunctional operation of the maternity care system. A lack of education and support limited informed decision-making, resulting in feelings of losing control and powerlessness which contributes to women's trauma. Insufficient support further compounds women's experiences. © 2020 Australian College of Midwives

The adapted Autobiographical interview : A systematic review and proposal for conduct and reporting

- Miloyan, Beyon, McFarlane, Kimberley, Vasquez-Echeverria, Alejandro

  • Authors: Miloyan, Beyon , McFarlane, Kimberley , Vasquez-Echeverria, Alejandro
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Behavioural Brain Research Vol. 370, no. (2019), p. 1-6
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  • Description: The adapted Autobiographical Interview (AI) is one of the most commonly used and widely cited measures of prospection in adult humans. The use of this instrument requires investigators to make many decisions that can influence the outcomes of studies. Here, we performed a systematic review of studies utilizing the adapted AI. We assessed and characterized the studies on various aspects of methodological quality and reporting. We then investigated and reported on several properties of adapted AI scores that have implications for their interpretation. We conclude by proposing Conduct and Reporting of Autobiographical Interview (CRAI) guidelines to contribute to the improvement of the reporting quality for studies that use the adapted AI, and hope that this will contribute to future efforts to validate this influential measurement instrument of prospection in humans.

Avian influenza in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2003–2018

- Suttie, Annika, Karlsson, Erik, Deng, Yi-Mo, Hurt, Aeron, Greenhill, Andrew, Barr, Ian, Dussart, Philippe, Horwood, Paul

  • Authors: Suttie, Annika , Karlsson, Erik , Deng, Yi-Mo , Hurt, Aeron , Greenhill, Andrew , Barr, Ian , Dussart, Philippe , Horwood, Paul
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Infection, Genetics and Evolution Vol. 74, no. (2019), p.
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  • Description: The persistent circulation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is an ongoing problem for many countries in South East Asia, causing large economic losses to both the agricultural and health sectors. This review analyses AIV diversity, evolution and the risk of AIV emergence in humans in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (excluding China). The analysis was based on AIV sequencing data, serological studies, published journal articles and AIV outbreak reports available from January 2003 to December 2018. All countries of the GMS have suffered losses due repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 that has also caused human cases in all GMS countries. In Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam AIV outbreaks in domestic poultry have also been caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6. A diverse range of low pathogenic AIVs (H1-H12) have been detected in poultry and wild bird species, though surveillance for and characterization of these subtypes is limited. Subtype H3, H4, H6 and H11 viruses have been detected over prolonged periods; whilst H1, H2, H7, H8, H10 and H12 viruses have only been detected transiently. H9 AIVs circulate endemically in Cambodia and Vietnam with seroprevalence data indicating human exposure to H9 AIVs in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As surveillance studies focus heavily on the detection of H5 AIVs in domestic poultry further research is needed to understand the true level of AIV diversity and the risk AIVs pose to humans in the GMS. © 2019

Risk of post-fire metal mobilization into surface water resources : A review

- Abraham, Joji, Dowling, Kim, Florentine, Singarayer

  • Authors: Abraham, Joji , Dowling, Kim , Florentine, Singarayer
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Science of the Total Environment Vol. 599-600, no. (2017), p. 1740-1755
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: One of the significant economic benefits to communities around the world of having pristine forest catchments is the supply of substantial quantities of high quality potable water. This supports a saving of around US$ 4.1 trillion per year globally by limiting the cost of expensive drinking water treatments and provision of unnecessary infrastructure. Even low levels of contaminants specifically organics and metals in catchments when in a mobile state can reduce these economic benefits by seriously affecting the water quality. Contamination and contaminant mobility can occur through natural and anthropogenic activities including forest fires. Moderate to high intensity forest fires are able to alter soil properties and release sequestered metals from sediments, soil organic matter and fragments of vegetation. In addition, the increase in post-fire erosion rate by rainfall runoff and strong winds facilitates the rapid transport of these metals downslope and downstream. The subsequent metal deposition in distal soil and water bodies can influence surface water quality with potential impacts to the larger ecosystems inclusive of negative effects on humans. This is of substantial concern as 4 billion hectares of forest catchments provide high quality water to global communities. Redressing this problem requires quantification of the potential effects on water resources and instituting rigorous fire and environmental management plans to mitigate deleterious effects on catchment areas. This paper is a review of the current state of the art literature dealing with the risk of post-fire mobilization of the metals into surface water resources. It is intended to inform discussion on the preparation of suitable management plans and policies during and after fire events in order to maintain potable water quality in a cost-effective manner. In these times of climate fluctuation and increased incidence of fires, the need for development of new policies and management frameworks are of heighted significance. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.