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Understanding source effects in ADHD rating scales : Reply to DuPaul (2003)

- Burns, Leonard, Gomez, Rapson, Walsh, James, De Moura, Marcela Alves

  • Authors: Burns, Leonard , Gomez, Rapson , Walsh, James , De Moura, Marcela Alves
  • Date: 2003
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 15, no. 1 (2003), p. 118-119
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  • Description: G.J. DuPaul (2003) offered two suggestions for additional research to understand the strong source effects reported by R. Gomez, G. L. Burns, J. A. Walsh, and M. A. de Moura (2003) in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The first suggestion was to determine whether the source effects represent mostly bias or accuracy. The second suggestion was to minimize source effects through the development of better ADHD rating scales. Because source effects can represent bias or accuracy, it is important to minimize the bias aspect through content validation procedures prior to attempts to determine whether source effects better reflect bias or accuracy. This comment offers various suggestions to reduce the bias in ADHD rating scales.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000494

Personality inventory for DSM–5-brief form (PID-5-BF) : measurement invariance across men and women

- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Brown, Taylor, Stavropoulos, Vasileios

Resilience among trans and gender-diverse adults : the protective role of dispositional hope in the perceived burdensomeness-suicide relationship

- Snooks, Matthew, McLaren, Suzanne

  • Authors: Snooks, Matthew , McLaren, Suzanne
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Vol. 8, no. 1 (2021), p. 57-67
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  • Description: Trans and gender-diverse (TGD) adults are at increased risk for suicide. A wealth of evidence supports perceived burdensomeness as an independent key risk factor for suicide. Few studies have investigated dispositional hope or its components (agency and pathways) as a psychological resilience factor within the TGD population. The present study investigated the role of dispositional hope as a moderator in the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults. An international sample of 848 TGD adults aged 18 to 80 years (Mage= 26.27, SD = 7.70), who identified as male (n = 197), female (n = 614), or gender nonbinary (n = 37), completed the online questionnaires. Results demonstrated that dispositional hope, agency, and pathways were significant moderators, strengthening the perceived burdensomeness-suicidal ideation and behaviors relationship. Closer examination of the moderation effects suggests that higher levels of dispositional hope and its components may be protective against suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults experiencing lower, but not higher, levels of perceived burdensomeness. Future research is urgently warranted within this population to help inform specialized interventions that may protect TGD adults who experience higher levels of perceived burdensomeness and are at high risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—This study indicates that interventions which enhance hope may be related to lower levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with low, but not high, levels of perceived burdensomeness. It also highlights the urgent need for research aimed at identifying protective factors that may reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with high levels of perceived burdensomeness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2020 American Psychological Association

A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD rating scales

- Gomez, Rapson, Burns, Leonard, Walsh, James, De Moura, Marcela Alves

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , De Moura, Marcela Alves
  • Date: 2003
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 15, no. 1 (2003), p. 3-16
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  • Description: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait-multisource design to evaluate the construct validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The 2 trait factors were the ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. The 2 source factors were parents and teachers. In Study 1, parents and teachers rated 1,475 Australian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. In Study 2, parents and teachers rated 285 Brazilian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. Similar results occurred in both studies with most of the ADHD symptoms containing more source than trait variance, thus providing weak evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the symptoms as measured by rating scales. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects for understanding ADHD.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000493

A psychometric study of the Emotional Availability Scales: Construct validity and measurement invariance between depressed and nondepressed mother-infant dyads

- Aran, Pavitra, Lewis, Andrew, Watson, Stuart, MacMillan, Kelli, Power, Josephine, Galbally, Megan

  • Authors: Aran, Pavitra , Lewis, Andrew , Watson, Stuart , MacMillan, Kelli , Power, Josephine , Galbally, Megan
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 34, no. 1 (2022), p. 70-81
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  • Description: The Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) are the most widely reported observational assessment measure of parent-child relationships and has been of particular interest in understanding differences between samples of depressed and nondepressed mothers and their offspring. Despite its widespread use, psychometric validation of the factor structure in normative samples and the measurement of invariance within clinical samples has not been published. We evaluated the internal structure (dimensionality, reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity) of the EAS fourth edition using a nondepressed sample of 157 Australian women and their infants aged 6 months, including testing the measurement invariance of the EAS between the same nondepressed sample (n = 157), and a depressed group (n = 185) of mother-infant dyads, using MPlus. Participants were recruited from tertiary hospitals, and depression status was established using a diagnostic measure. Higher-order confirmatory factor analyses on the EAS' six dimensions supported a unidimensional factor solution in our data. Full measurement invariance was not demonstrated due to metric noninvariance of the maternal nonintrusiveness and child responsiveness dimensions. Full scalar invariance supported mean comparisons, and a medium effect of .78SD lower mean emotional availability for the depressed group was found Cohen's d = .63, 95% CI [.41, .85]. While arguments exist for the clinical utility of differentiating between multiple dimensions of emotional availability, the current findings do not support a multidimensional factor structure or full multigroup measurement invariance of the EAS. Similar psychometric investigations of the EAS in clinical and nonclinical samples are needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Innovations in competence assessment : design and initial validation of the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT)

- Gonsalvez, Craig, Deane, Frank, Terry, Josephine, Nasstasia, Yasmina, Shires, Alice

  • Authors: Gonsalvez, Craig , Deane, Frank , Terry, Josephine , Nasstasia, Yasmina , Shires, Alice
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Training and Education in Professional Psychology Vol. 15, no. 2 (2021), p. 106-116
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  • Description: This study responds to an urgent need for innovative approaches to competence assessment in the face of strong evidence that several current instruments may be vulnerable to systematic rating biases. Building on previous research, the current study aimed to (a) design a full catalogue of vignettes for the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT); (b) establish a matrix of calibration scores for the catalogue of vignettes by having experts rate each of the vignettes; (c) evaluate its psychometric properties by comparing competence ratings derived from the VMAT with those from a conventional instrument, the Clinical Psychology Practicum Competencies Rating Scale (CΨPRS); and (d) assess whether the VMAT reduced halo and leniency biases. An initial catalogue of 52 vignettes was recalibrated by a large sample of experts (N = 45) to establish a final catalogue of 41 standardized vignettes across 10 domains and multiple stages of competence. The VMAT used the matrix of calibrated vignettes to help supervisors anchor competence trajectories attained by trainees for each of 10 competency domains. The results provide initial support for the validation of the VMAT. The VMAT attenuated halo effects, and most supervisors endorsed the VMAT as their preferred instrument. Compared to the CΨPRS, cutoff scores on the VMAT identified a larger number of trainees with serious competence problems (n = 3 vs. n = 1). The current study has important implications for competence assessments and benchmarking within psychology and valuable cross-disciplinary applications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—Accurate measurement of competence during and at the end of training is important to ensure trainees are capable of providing quality care to the public. This study describes the creation of a new instrument to measure competence and demonstrates that the new instrument provides more credible assessments than other available instruments. These findings have potential benefits for trainees, training institutions, and the public. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2019 American Psychological Association American Psychological Association

Peer support of fathers on reddit : quantifying the stressors, behaviors, and drivers

- Teague, Samantha, Shatte, Adrian

  • Authors: Teague, Samantha , Shatte, Adrian
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology of Men and Masculinity Vol. 22, no. 4 (2021), p. 757-766
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  • Description: This article aimed to delineate the behavioral patterns of fathers in seeking and providing peer support on the popular social media site Reddit using a sample of 2,393 users. First, fathers’ support-seeking posts were characterized, finding that fathers self-disclosed a range of individual, familial, and societal stressors, including topics sensitive to traditional male gender roles. Second, peers’ comments were differentiated by support type, with differences observed in the behaviors, emotions, and language that peers use when providing advice, confirmation, and encouragement. Third, the relationship between types of fatherhood stressors and their associated peer comments was mapped. While fathers seeking support for individual stressors received fewer comments, the support provided utilized more actionoriented language. Finally, a statistical model was developed to examine the factors that drive peer support on the fatherhood forums, which are observed to influence the quality of peers’ comments and peers’ commenting behaviors. Combined, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the peer support environment for fathers on social media like Reddit, strengthening the research literature that is limited to qualitative evidence to date. The results have important implications for formal support services targeting fathers, both online and offline © 2021 American Psychological Association

Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Brief Form : Factor structure, reliability, and coefficient of congruence

- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Stavropoulos, Vasileios

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment Vol. 11, no. 1 (2020), p. 69-77
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  • Description: The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Brief Form (PID-5-BF), is a 25-item self-report questionnaire that measures the severity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-proposed personality pathology constructs of negative affectivity, detachment. antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. The current study used exploratory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the support for the theoretically proposed 5-factor model. In total, 502 adults (male = 182, female = 320, age = 18-67 years [M = 28.93, SD = 10.95]) provided ratings for the PID-5-BF. For the theorized 5-factor model, there was support for its factor structure, internal consistency reliabilities (Cronbach's. ordinal alpha, and omega) of the factors, and coefficient of congruence of the factors considering a previous Danish study. The findings also supported a strong general factor for a bifactor model involving a general factor alongside the 5 group factors. Together, the findings support the use of the 5 personality pathology constructs and the total PID-5-BF scores in clinical and research settings.

Video chat therapist assistance in an adaptive digital intervention for anxiety and depression : reflections from participants and therapists

- Andrews, Brooke, Klein, Britt, Corboy, Denise, McLaren, Suzanne, Watson, Shaun

  • Authors: Andrews, Brooke , Klein, Britt , Corboy, Denise , McLaren, Suzanne , Watson, Shaun
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Professional psychology, research and practice Vol. 54, no. 6 (2023), p. 418-429
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  • Description: The purpose of this article is to qualitatively explore participant and therapist experiences of the therapeutic alliance, perceived benefits, challenges, and areas for improvement when using video chat as a mode of therapist assistance within an adaptive digital mental health intervention. In total, 74 semistructured interviews were completed with participants and therapists who participated in an adaptive clinical trial. The participant interviews explored experiences of attending a clinical assessment via video chat and experiences of receiving low- or high-intensity therapist assistance via video chat. Interviews completed with therapists explored their experience of administrating a clinical assessment tool and delivering therapist assistance, both via video chat. Reflexive thematic analysis identified four themes: using video chat, characteristics of therapeutic relationships, task-specific experiences, and utility and adoption of video chat. Both participants and therapists were able to adapt to the modality of video chat and develop positive therapeutic alliances. They reported satisfaction with video chat for conducting clinical assessments and delivering therapist assistance. Concerns were identified by both participants and therapists with low-intensity therapist assistance. This study identified elements of task-specific experiences and human characteristics as more influential in participant and therapist experience than the modality of video chat technology. Implications for assessing suitability for the modality of video chat and low- and high-intensity models of therapist assistance are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Prediction of blast-induced air overpressure using a hybrid machine learning model and gene expression programming (GEP) : a case study from an iron ore mine

- Kazemi, Mohammad, Nabavi, Zohreh, Khandelwal, Manoj

  • Authors: Kazemi, Mohammad , Nabavi, Zohreh , Khandelwal, Manoj
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: AIMS Geosciences Vol. 9, no. 2 (2023), p. 357-381
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  • Description: Mine blasting can have a destructive effect on the environment. Among these effects, air overpressure (AOp) is a major concern. Therefore, a careful assessment of the AOp intensity should be conducted before any blasting operation in order to minimize the associated environmental detriment. Several empirical models have been established to predict and control AOp. However, the current empirical methods have many limitations, including low accuracy, poor generalizability, consideration only of linear relationships among influencing parameters, and investigation of only a few influencing parameters. Thus, the current research presents a hybrid model which combines an extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XGB) with grey wolf optimization (GWO) for accurately predicting AOp. Furthermore, an empirical model and gene expression programming (GEP) were used to assess the validity of the hybrid model (XGB-GWO). An analysis of 66 blastings with their corresponding AOp values and influential parameters was conducted to achieve the goals of this research. The efficiency of AOp prediction methods was evaluated in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R 2 ), and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the calculations, the XGB-GWO model has performed as well as the empirical and GEP models. Next, the most significant parameters for predicting AOp were determined using a sensitivity analysis. Based on the analysis results, stemming length and rock quality designation (RQD) were identified as two variables with the greatest influence. This study showed that the proposed XGB-GWO method was robust and applicable for predicting AOp driven by blasting operations.

Big Five personality traits and alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and gambling disorder comorbidity

- Dash, Genevieve, Slutske, Wendy, Martin, Nicholas, Statham, Dixie, Agrawal, Arpana, Lynskey, Michael

  • Authors: Dash, Genevieve , Slutske, Wendy , Martin, Nicholas , Statham, Dixie , Agrawal, Arpana , Lynskey, Michael
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors Vol. 33, no. 4 (2019), p. 420-429
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  • Description: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; 5th ed.) reassignment of gambling disorder as an addictive disorder alongside the substance-related addictive disorders encourages research into their shared etiologies. The aims of this study were to examine: (a) the associations of Big Five personality dimensions with alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and gambling disorders, (b) the comorbidity between these disorders, (c) the extent to which common personality underpinnings explain comorbidity, (d) whether results differed for men and women, and (e) the magnitude of personality differences corresponding to the 4 disorders. Participants were 3,785 twins and siblings (1.365 men, 2,420 women; M-age = 32 years, range = 21-46 years) from the Australian Twin Registry who completed psychiatric interviews and Big Five personality inventories. The personality profile of high neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness was associated with all 4 addictive disorders. All but 1 of the pairwise associations between the disorders were significant. After accounting for Big Five traits, the associations were attenuated to varying degrees but remained significant. The results were generally similar for men and women. The results suggest that the Big Five traits of neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are associated with the general propensity to develop an addictive disorder and may in part explain their co-occurrence; however, they may be more broadly associated with the propensity for any psychiatric disorder. The effect sizes of the personality associations suggest that the diagnosis of gambling disorder as operationalized by the DSM may be more severe than the other addictive disorders. Calibration of the diagnosis of gambling disorder to the other addictive disorders may be warranted.

Measurement and structural invariance of parent ratings of ADHD and ODD symptoms across gender for American and Malaysian children

- Burns, Leonard, Walsh, James, Gomez, Rapson, Hafetz, Nina

  • Authors: Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , Gomez, Rapson , Hafetz, Nina
  • Date: 2006
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 18, no. 4 (2006), p. 452-457
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  • Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement (configural, metric, scalar, and residual) and structural (factor variance, factor covariance, and factor means) invariance of parent ratings of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD-HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) across boys and girls. In an American pediatric sample (N = 1,015) and a Malaysian elementary school-age sample (N = 928), there was strong support for configural, metric, scalar, residual, factor variance, and covariance invariance across gender within each sample. Both American and Malaysian boys had significantly higher scores on the ADHD-IN and ADHD-HI factor means than did girls, whereas only in the American sample did boys score significantly higher on the ODD factor than did girls. The implications of the results for the study of gender, ethnic, and cultural differences associated with ADHD and ODD are discussed. © 2006 APA, all rights reserved.
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  • Description: 2003002033

E-mental health interventions for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

- Linardon, Jake, Shatte, Adrian, Messer, Mariel, Firth, Joseph, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew

  • Authors: Linardon, Jake , Shatte, Adrian , Messer, Mariel , Firth, Joseph , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol. 88, no. 11 (2020), p. 994-1007
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  • Description: Objectives: E-mental health (digital) interventions can help overcome existing barriers that stand in the way of people receiving help for an eating disorder (ED). Although e-mental health interventions for treating and preventing EDs have been met with enthusiasm, earlier reviews brought attention to poor quality of evidence, and offered solutions to enhance their evidence base. To assess developments in the field, we conducted an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of e-mental health interventions for treating and preventing EDs, paying attention to whether trial quality and outcomes have improved in recent trials. We also assessed whether user-centered design principles have been implemented in existing digital interventions. Method: Four databases were searched for RCTs of digital interventions for treating and preventing EDs. Thirty-six RCTs (28 prevention- and 8 treatment-focused) were included. Results: Some evidence that study quality improved in recent prevention-focused trials was found. Few trials involved the end-user in the design or development stage of the intervention. Issues with intervention engagement were noted, and 1 in 4 participants dropped out from prevention- and treatment-focused trials. Digital interventions were more effective than control conditions in reducing established risk factors and symptoms in prevention- (g’s = 0.19 to 0.43) and treatment-focused trials (g’s = 0.29 to 0.69), respectively. Effect sizes have not increased in recent trials. Few trials compared a digital intervention with a face-to-face intervention. Whether digital interventions can prevent ED onset is unclear. Conclusion: Digital interventions are a promising approach to ED treatment and prevention, but improvements are still needed. Three key recommendations are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)What is the public health significance of this article?: E-mental health interventions show promise in addressing eating disorder symptoms and risk factors. However, issues with study quality, drop-out, and engagement are noted, and researchers are encouraged to involve the end-user in all stages of the intervention development and implementation to optimize outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) © 2020 American Psychological Association

The effectiveness of lucid dreaming practice on waking task performance : a scoping review of evidence and meta-analysis

- Bonamino, Clarita, Watling, Christopher, Polman, Remco

  • Authors: Bonamino, Clarita , Watling, Christopher , Polman, Remco
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Dreaming Vol. 33, no. 3 (2022), p. 292-315
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  • Description: A lucid dream is a dream during which the dreamer becomes aware of the fact that they are experiencing a dream. The higher awareness and cognitive traits which accompany lucid dreams offer individuals a unique opportunity to use this practice to rehearse waking skills. This scoping review aimed to summarize existing evidence on the effectiveness of lucid dreaming practice (LDP) on the performance of waking skills and used a meta-analytical approach to estimate an overall effect of LDP. A total of seven studies were reviewed. Findings indicate that LDP can improve waking performance of motor tasks of a variety of nature with an overall medium positive effect size of.483 (p =.095). LDP environments appear to be suitable for the practice of waking tasks however practitioners should be aware that perception may at times be distorted from wakefulness. Dream distractions may also be encountered which may impair dream practice and have a negative effect on subsequent performance. A lack of empirical evidence within the literature was identified. Challenges with conducting LDP research are discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed. © 2022 American Psychological Association
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