- Title
- Analysis of a severe head injury in World Cup alpine skiing
- Creator
- Yamazaki, Junya; Gilgien, Matthias; Kleiven, Svein; McIntosh, Andrew; Nachbauer, Werner; Muller, Erich; Bere, Tone; Bahr, Roald; Krosshaug, Tron
- Date
- 2015
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/92564
- Identifier
- vital:9633
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000511
- Identifier
- ISSN:0195-9131
- Identifier
- https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/2394604
- Abstract
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in alpine skiing. It has been found that helmet use can reduce the incidence of head injuries between 15% and 60%. However, knowledge on optimal helmet performance criteria in World Cup alpine skiing is currently limited owing to the lack of biomechanical data from real crash situations. Purpose: This study aimed to estimate impact velocities in a severe TBI case in World Cup alpine skiing. Methods: Video sequences from a TBI case in World Cup alpine skiing were analyzed using a model-based image matching technique. Video sequences from four camera views were obtained in full high-definition (1080p) format. A three-dimensional model of the course was built based on accurate measurements of piste landmarks and matched to the background video footage using the animation software Poser 4. A trunk-neck-head model was used for tracking the skier's trajectory. Results: Immediately before head impact, the downward velocity component was estimated to be 8 m.s(-1). After impact, the upward velocity was 3 m.s(-1), whereas the velocity parallel to the slope surface was reduced from 33 m.s(-1) to 22 m.s(-1). The frontal plane angular velocity of the head changed from 80 radIsj1 left tilt immediately before impact to 20 rad.s(-1) right tilt immediately after impact. Conclusions: A unique combination of high-definition video footage and accurate measurements of landmarks in the slope made possible a high-quality analysis of head impact velocity in a severe TBI case. The estimates can provide crucial information on how to prevent TBI through helmet performance criteria and design.
- Publisher
- Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins
- Relation
- Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Vol. 47, no. 6 (2015), p. 1113-1118
- Rights
- Copyright © 2015 American College of Sports Medicine
- Rights
- Open Access
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- 1106 Human Movement and Sports Science; Traumatic brain injury; Skiing injury; Alpine skiing; Helmet; Biomechanics; Model-based image matching technique
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