Showing items 1 - 20 of 38

Your selections:

A cooperative heterogeneous vehicular clustering mechanism for road traffic management

- Ahmad, Iftikhar, Noor, Rafidah, Zaba, Muhammad, Qureshi, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmad, Iftikhar , Noor, Rafidah , Zaba, Muhammad , Qureshi, Muhammad , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Parallel Programming Vol. 48, no. 5 (2020), p. 870-889
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The vehicular ad-hoc networks integrates with long-term evolution (LTE) forming a heterogeneous network, capable of providing seamless connectivity, which meets the communication requirements of intelligent transportation systems. However, heterogeneous network-based applications involve LTE resource (data and spectrum) usage cost and must be taken care while developing such a solution. One of the scenarios is the access of the information to/from remote server over the internet via LTE for road traffic management applications. Although clustering of the vehicle is significant to minimize the data and LTE network usage, however, the problem of non-cooperation of the vehicles in clustering process and within a cluster are major issues in sharing costly data acquired from the internet. Because, who and why one (vehicle) should pay the cost is the big question, proliferating the non-cooperative behavior among the cluster members. To solve these issues, strategic game-theoretic based clustering mechanism named as cooperative interest-aware clustering (CIAC) is developed. The proposed CIAC not only balance the cost of usage by controlling non-cooperative behavior among the vehicles within the cluster but at the same time motivate vehicles to participate in the clustering process to share the data and cost as well. It consists of a cluster head selection process based on the strategic game-theoretic approach and a fair-use policy. The implementation results show superiority in performance of our protocol over the existing approaches. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

A novel collaborative IoD-assisted VANET approach for coverage area maximization

- Ahmed, Gamil, Sheltami, Tarek, Mahmoud, Ashraf, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmed, Gamil , Sheltami, Tarek , Mahmoud, Ashraf , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 61211-61223
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Internet of Drones (IoD) is an efficient technique that can be integrated with vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) to provide terrestrial communications by acting as an aerial relay when terrestrial infrastructure is unreliable or unavailable. To fully exploit the drones' flexibility and superiority, we propose a novel dynamic IoD collaborative communication approach for urban VANETs. Unlike most of the existing approaches, the IoD nodes are dynamically deployed based on current locations of ground vehicles to effectively mitigate inevitable isolated cars in conventional VANETs. For efficiently coordinating IoD, we model IoD to optimize coverage based on the location of vehicles. The goal is to obtain an efficient IoD deployment to maximize the number of covered vehicles, i.e., minimize the number of isolated vehicles in the target area. More importantly, the proposed approach provides sufficient interconnections between IoD nodes. To do so, an improved version of succinct population-based meta-heuristic, namely Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) inspired by food searching behavior of birds or fishes flock, is implemented for IoD assisted VANET (IoDAV). Moreover, the coverage, received signal quality, and IoD connectivity are achieved by IPSO's objective function for optimal IoD deployment at the same time. We carry out an extensive experiment based on the received signal at floating vehicles to examine the proposed IoDAV performance. We compare the results with the baseline VANET with no IoD (NIoD) and Fixed IoD assisted (FIoD). The comparisons are based on the coverage percentage of the ground vehicles and the quality of the received signal. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IoDAV approach allows finding the optimal IoD positions throughout the time based on the vehicle's movements and achieves better coverage and better quality of the received signal by finding the most appropriate IoD position compared with NIoD and FIoD schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

Countering stasistical attacks in cloud-based searchable encryption

- Ahsan, M., Ali, Ihsan, Bin Idris, Mohd, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahsan, M. , Ali, Ihsan , Bin Idris, Mohd , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Parallel Programming Vol. 48, no. 3 (2020), p. 470-495
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Searchable encryption (SE) is appearing as a prominent solution in the intersection of privacy protection and efficient retrieval of data outsourced to cloud computing storage. While it preserves privacy by encrypting data, yet supports search operation without data leakage. Due to its applicability, many research communities have proposed different SE schemes under various security definitions with numerous customary features (i.e. multi keyword search, ranked search). However, by reason of multi-keyword ranked search, SE discloses encrypted document list corresponding to multiple (secure) query keywords (or trapdoor). Such disclosure of statistical information helps an attacker to analyze and deduce the content of the data. To counter statistical information leakage in SE, we propose a scheme referred to as Countering Statistical Attack in Cloud based Searchable Encryption (CSA-CSE) that resorts to randomness in all components of an SE. CSA-CSE adopts inverted index that is built with a hash digest of a pair of keywords. Unlike existing schemes, ranking factors (i.e. relevance scores) rank the documents and then they no longer exist in the secure index (neither in order preserving encrypted form). Query keywords are also garbled with randomness in order to hide actual query/result statistics. Our security analysis and experiment on request for comments database ensure the security and efficiency of CSA-CSE. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Correction to: Countering Statistical Attacks in Cloud-Based Searchable Encryption (International Journal of Parallel Programming, (2020), 48, 3, (470-495), 10.1007/s10766-018-0584-8)The original article has been published with an incorrect grant number in the acknowledgements which should be RG # 1439-036. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Efficient data gathering in 3D linear underwater wireless sensor networks using sink mobility

- Akbar, Mariam, Javaid, Nadeem, Khan, Ayesha, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad, Vasilakos, Athanasios

  • Authors: Akbar, Mariam , Javaid, Nadeem , Khan, Ayesha , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad , Vasilakos, Athanasios
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sensors (Switzerland) Vol. 16, no. 3 (2016), p.
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Due to the unpleasant and unpredictable underwater environment, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) demands more accuracy and extra computations. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a mobile sink (MS), i.e., an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and also courier nodes (CNs), to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. MS and CNs stop at specific stops for data gathering; later on, CNs forward the received data to the MS for further transmission. By the mobility of CNs and MS, the overall energy consumption of nodes is minimized. We perform simulations to investigate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare it to preexisting techniques. Simulation results are compared in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss, transmission loss and packet drop ratio. The results show that the proposed technique performs better in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss and scalability. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Deep learning-based approach for detecting trajectory modifications of cassini-huygens spacecraft

- Aldabbas, Ashraf, Gal, Zoltan, Ghori, Khawaja, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Aldabbas, Ashraf , Gal, Zoltan , Ghori, Khawaja , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 39111-39125
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: There were necessary trajectory modifications of Cassini spacecraft during its last 14 years movement cycle of the interplanetary research project. In the scale 1.3 hour of signal propagation time and 1.4-billion-kilometer size of Earth-Cassini channel, complex event detection in the orbit modifications requires special investigation and analysis of the collected big data. The technologies for space exploration warrant a high standard of nuanced and detailed research. The Cassini mission has accumulated quite huge volumes of science records. This generated a curiosity derives mainly from a need to use machine learning to analyze deep space missions. For energy saving considerations, the communication between the Earth and Cassini was executed in non-periodic mode. This paper provides a sophisticated in-depth learning approach for detecting Cassini spacecraft trajectory modifications in post-processing mode. The proposed model utilizes the ability of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks for drawing out useful data and learning the time series inner data pattern, along with the forcefulness of LSTM layers for distinguishing dependencies among the long-short term. Our research study exploited the statistical rates, Matthews correlation coefficient, and F1 score to evaluate our models. We carried out multiple tests and evaluated the provided approach against several advanced models. The preparatory analysis showed that exploiting the LSTM layer provides a notable boost in rising the detection process performance. The proposed model achieved a number of 232 trajectory modification detections with 99.98% accuracy among the last 13.35 years of the Cassini spacecraft life. © 2013 IEEE.

A zero-watermarking algorithm for privacy protection in biomedical signals

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Alsulaiman, Mansour, Zia, Tanveer, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Alsulaiman, Mansour , Zia, Tanveer , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 82, no. (2018), p. 290-303
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Confidentiality of health information is indispensable to protect privacy of an individual. However, recent advances in electronic healthcare systems allow transmission of sensitive information through the Internet, which is prone to various vulnerabilities, attacks and may leads to unauthorized disclosure. Such situations may not only create adverse effects for individuals but may also cause severe consequences such as hefty regulatory fines, bad publicity, legal fees, and forensics. To avoid such predicaments, a privacy protected healthcare system is proposed in this study that protects the identity of an individual as well as detects vocal fold disorders. The privacy of the developed healthcare system is based on the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm, which embeds a watermark in a secret key instead of the signals to avoid the distortion in an audio sample. The identity is protected by the generation of its secret shares through visual cryptography. The generated shares are embedded by finding the patterns into the audio with the application of one-dimensional local binary pattern. The proposed zero-watermarking algorithm is evaluated by using audio samples taken from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary voice disorder database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves imperceptibility and is reliable in its extraction of identity. In addition, the proposed algorithm does not affect the results of disorder detection and it is robust against noise attacks of various signal-to-noise ratios. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Chaos-based robust method of zero-watermarking for medical signals

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Alsulaiman, Mansour, Shoaib, Muhammad, Ullah, Sana

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Alsulaiman, Mansour , Shoaib, Muhammad , Ullah, Sana
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 88, no. (2018), p. 400-412
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The growing use of wireless health data transmission via Internet of Things is significantly beneficial to the healthcare industry for optimal usage of health-related facilities. However, at the same time, the use raises concern of privacy protection. Health-related data are private and should be suitably protected. Several pathologies, such as vocal fold disorders, indicate high risks of prevalence in individuals with voice-related occupations, such as teachers, singers, and lawyers. Approximately, one-third of the world population suffers from the voice-related problems during the life span and unauthorized access to their data can create unavoidable circumstances in their personal and professional lives. In this study, a zero-watermarking method is proposed and implemented to protect the identity of patients who suffer from vocal fold disorders. In the proposed method, an image for a patient's identity is generated and inserted into secret keys instead of a host medical signal. Consequently, imperceptibility is naturally achieved. The locations for the insertion of the watermark are determined by a computation of local binary patterns from the time–frequency spectrum. The spectrum is calculated for low frequencies such that it may not be affected by noise attacks. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method has good performance and robustness against noise, and it is reliable in the recovery of an individual's identity. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Protection of records and data authentication based on secret shares and watermarking

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, McClean, Sally, Khan, Naveed, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , McClean, Sally , Khan, Naveed , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 98, no. (2019), p. 331-341
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The rapid growth in communication technology facilitates the health industry in many aspects from transmission of sensor's data to real-time diagnosis using cloud-based frameworks. However, the secure transmission of data and its authenticity become a challenging task, especially, for health-related applications. The medical information must be accessible to only the relevant healthcare staff to avoid any unfortunate circumstances for the patient as well as for the healthcare providers. Therefore, a method to protect the identity of a patient and authentication of transmitted data is proposed in this study. The proposed method provides dual protection. First, it encrypts the identity using Shamir's secret sharing scheme without the increase in dimension of the original identity. Second, the identity is watermarked using zero-watermarking to avoid any distortion into the host signal. The experimental results show that the proposed method encrypts, embeds and extracts identities reliably. Moreover, in case of malicious attack, the method distorts the embedded identity which provides a clear indication of fabrication. An automatic disorder detection system using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and Gaussian mixture model is also implemented which concludes that malicious attacks greatly impact on the accurate diagnosis of disorders. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

An innovative algorithm for privacy protection in a voice disorder detection system

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Abdul, Wadood, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Abdul, Wadood , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 1st International Early Research Career Enhancement School on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, FIERCES on BICA 2017, Moscow, 1-6 August 2018 Vol. 636, p. 228-233
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Health information is critical for the patient and its unauthorized access may have server impact. With the advancement in the healthcare systems especially through the Internet of Things give rises to patient privacy. We developed a healthcare system that protects identity of patients using innovative zero-watermarking algorithm along with vocal fold disorders detection. To avoid audio signal distortion, proposed system embeds watermark in a secret key of identity by visual cryptography rather than audio signal. The secret shares generated through visual cryptography are inserted in the secret watermark key by computing the features of audio signals. The proposed technique is evaluated using audio samples taken from voice disorder database of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI). Experimental results prove that the proposed technique achieves imperceptibility with reliability to extract identity, unaffected disorder detection result with high robustness. The results are provided in form of Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCR), Bit Error Rate (BER), and Energy Ratio (ENR). © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.

An IoT-based smart healthcare system to detect dysphonia

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Neural Computing and Applications Vol. 34, no. 14 (2022), p. 11255-11265
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Smart healthcare systems for the internet of things (IoT) platform are cost-efficient and facilitate continuous remote monitoring of patients to avoid unnecessary hospital visits and long waiting times to see practitioners. Presenting a smart healthcare system for the detection of dysphonia can reduce the suffering and pain of patients by providing an initial evaluation of voice. This preliminary feedback of voice could minimize the burden on ENT specialists by referring only genuine cases to them as well as giving an early alarm of potential voice complications to patients. Any possible delay in the treatment and/or inaccurate diagnosis using the subjective nature of tools may lead to severe circumstances for an individual because some types of dysphonia are life-threatening. Therefore, an accurate and reliable smart healthcare system for IoT platform to detect dysphonia is proposed and implemented in this study. Higher-order directional derivatives are used to analyze the time–frequency spectrum of signals in the proposed system. The computed derivatives provide essential and vital information by analyzing the spectrum along different directions to capture the changes that appeared due to malfunctioning the vocal folds. The proposed system provides 99.1% accuracy, while the sensitivity and specificity are 99.4 and 98.1%, respectively. The experimental results showed that the proposed system could provide better classification accuracy than the traditional non-directional first-order derivatives. Hence, the system can be used as a reliable tool for detecting dysphonia and implemented in edge devices to avoid latency issues and protect privacy, unlike cloud processing. © 2021, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Electricity theft detection using pipeline in machine learning

- Anwar, Mubbashra, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Adia, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Anwar, Mubbashra , Javaid, Nadeem , Khalid, Adia , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 16th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, 15 to 19 June 2020, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020 p. 2138-2142
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Electricity theft is the primary cause of electrical power loss that significantly affects the revenue loss and the quality of electrical power. Nevertheless, the existing methods for the detection of this criminal behavior of theft are diversified and complicated since the imbalanced nature of the dataset, and high dimensionality of time-series data make it challenging to extract meaningful information. This paper addresses these problems by developing a novel electricity theft detection model, integrating three algorithms in a pipeline. The proposed method first applies the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) for balancing the dataset, secondly integration of kernel function and principal component analysis (KPCA) for the feature extraction from high dimensional time-series data, and support vector machine (SVM) for the classification. Besides, the performance of the proposed pipeline is measured using a comprehensive list of performance metrics. Extensive experiments are performed by using real electricity consumption data, and results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of theft detection. © 2020 IEEE.

An improved mechanism for flow rule installation in In-band SDN

- Awan, Israr, Shah, Nadir, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad, Saeed, Nasir

  • Authors: Awan, Israr , Shah, Nadir , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad , Saeed, Nasir
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Systems Architecture Vol. 96, no. (2019), p. 1-19
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new network architecture that controls the network through a logically centralized controller. The controller computes and installs the flow rules (i.e., entries) in the flow table at switches. When a switch receives the data packet and does not have the flow rule in its flow table, the switch contacts controller. The best path is computed by using topology and network policies. Then controller installs flow rules at switches along the path. Subsequently, the packet is forwarded to the switches accordingly. Due to the asynchronous nature of SDN, the packet may reach an intermediate switch before the corresponding flow rules. In this case, the packet is dropped by the switch. To address this problem, we propose a new technique that computes delay of both, the flow rules installation and packet arrival at a switch along the path. In case the packet arrival delay at the switch S1 is less than the delay of corresponding flow rule installation at S1, then the packet is delayed for a minimum duration at the predecessor switch of S1 in such a way that the corresponding flow rule is installed before the packet arrival. Thus, the proposed mechanism ensures flow rule installation before the corresponding packet reaches switches and subsequently reduces packet loss. To compute the delay between any two switches, and a switch and controller, our proposed technique exploits the keep-alive messages exchanged between switch and controller in order to reduce the redundant traffic in the network. We evaluated our proposed technique in terms of packet delivery ratio and average packet end-to-end delay in Mininet emulator. Our proposed technique improves the packet delivery ratio up to 36% and average packet end-to-end delay is reduced to 12% in case of a varying number of flows as compared to an existing mechanism. Moreover, we testify our proposed technique by running the real network traces. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgment: An improved mechanism for flow rule installation in In-band SDN (Journal of Systems Architecture (2019) 96 (1–19), (S1383762118304739), (10.1016/j.sysarc.2019.01.016)). In the above published article, some contents were missing from the Acknowledgment section, which should be properly included as follows: © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
  • Description: Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new network architecture that controls the network through a logically centralized controller. The controller computes and installs the flow rules (i.e., entries) in the flow table at switches. When a switch receives the data packet and does not have the flow rule in its flow table, the switch contacts controller. The best path is computed by using topology and network policies. Then controller installs flow rules at switches along the path. Subsequently, the packet is forwarded to the switches accordingly. Due to the asynchronous nature of SDN, the packet may reach an intermediate switch before the corresponding flow rules. In this case, the packet is dropped by the switch. To address this problem, we propose a new technique that computes delay of both, the flow rules installation and packet arrival at a switch along the path. In case the packet arrival delay at the switch S1 is less than the delay of corresponding flow rule installation at S1, then the packet is delayed for a minimum duration at the predecessor switch of S1 in such a way that the corresponding flow rule is installed before the packet arrival. Thus, the proposed mechanism ensures flow rule installation before the corresponding packet reaches switches and subsequently reduces packet loss. To compute the delay between any two switches, and a switch and controller, our proposed technique exploits the keep-alive messages exchanged between switch and controller in order to reduce the redundant traffic in the network. We evaluated our proposed technique in terms of packet delivery ratio and average packet end-to-end delay in Mininet emulator. Our proposed technique improves the packet delivery ratio up to 36% and average packet end-to-end delay is reduced to 12% in case of a varying number of flows as compared to an existing mechanism. Moreover, we testify our proposed technique by running the real network traces. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Update notice: Erratum to ‘An Improved Mechanism for Flow Rule Installation in In-band SDN’ [Journal of Systems Architecture, 96, 2019, Pages 32–51](S1383762119301079)(10.1016/j.sysarc.2019.03.002)) Journal of Systems Architecture, Volume 96, Pages R1, June 2019

Cloudlet computing : recent advances, taxonomy, and challenges

- Babar, Mohammad, Khan, Muhammad, Ali, Farman, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Babar, Mohammad , Khan, Muhammad , Ali, Farman , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 29609-29622
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: A cloudlet is an emerging computing paradigm that is designed to meet the requirements and expectations of the Internet of things (IoT) and tackle the conventional limitations of a cloud (e.g., high latency). The idea is to bring computing resources (i.e., storage and processing) to the edge of a network. This article presents a taxonomy of cloudlet applications, outlines cloudlet utilities, and describes recent advances, challenges, and future research directions. Based on the literature, a unique taxonomy of cloudlet applications is designed. Moreover, a cloudlet computation offloading application for augmenting resource-constrained IoT devices, handling compute-intensive tasks, and minimizing the energy consumption of related devices is explored. This study also highlights the viability of cloudlets to support smart systems and applications, such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and applications that require high-quality service. Finally, the role of cloudlets in emergency situations, hostile conditions, and in the technological integration of future applications and services is elaborated in detail. © 2013 IEEE.

A policy-based solution for the detection of colluding GPS-Spoofing attacks in FANETs

- Bada, Mousaab, Boubiche, Djallel, Lagraa, Nasreddine, Kerrache, Chaker, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Bada, Mousaab , Boubiche, Djallel , Lagraa, Nasreddine , Kerrache, Chaker , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice Vol. 149, no. (2021), p. 300-318
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Most of Flying Adhoc Networks (FANETs) applications consume GPS based location information for their services, which are also shared in real-time with other UAVs, ground control stations and centralized service operators. GPS spoofing is among the most popular attacks in FANETs that lead the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers to generate false navigation solutions. Several anti-spoofing techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, Conventional detection methods present vulnerabilities against Colluding GPS Spoofing Attack where multiple GPS spoofing signal sources are used. In this paper, we propose a policy-based distributed detection mechanism to face colluding GPS-Spoofing attack in FANETs. Based on Burglary scene and the location of each UAV at the time of the attack, we can distinguish between Active and Passive witnesses that are respectively used to help the target to detect and confirm the presence of GPS spoofing signal using respectively Absolute power and Carrier-to-Noise density ratio. A trust model based on Beta and Weibull Distribution has been adopted as a combination technique of different testimonies to both mitigate the spread of false rumors and classify the different signals. Simulation results depict that our proposal is able to detect and revoke the GPS Spoofing signal with high accuracy reaching the 99% and low communication overhead. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

A hybrid precoding- and filtering-based uplink MC-LNOMA scheme for 5G cellular networks with reduced PAPR

- Baig, Imran, Farooq, Umer, Ahmed, Ejaz, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Baig, Imran , Farooq, Umer , Ahmed, Ejaz , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Vol. 29, no. 10 (2018), p.
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Uplink multicarrier localized nonorthogonal multiple access (MC-LNOMA) is a variant of hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access, where subcarrier mapping is performed in localized mode. MC-LNOMA is one of the most prominent emerging schemes and likely to be employed in the forthcoming fifth-generation cellular networks due to its massive connectivity, spectral efficiency, better cell coverage capability, and higher data rate. It may employ orthogonal frequency-division multiple access due to the technical ripeness. However, schemes based on orthogonal frequency-division multiple access all suffer from the high peak-to-average power ratio problem. Therefore, in this paper, a new finite impulse response filter–based discrete cosine transform–precoded uplink MC-LNOMA scheme is presented for peak-to-average power ratio reduction. MATLAB simulations demonstrate the performance supremacy of the proposed scheme compared to contemporary schemes such as discrete cosine transform–precoded uplink MC-LNOMA and nonprecoded uplink MC-LNOMA. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mobile crowd sensing – taxonomy, applications, challenges, and solutions

- Boubiche, Djallel, Imran, Muhammad, Maqsood, Aneela, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Boubiche, Djallel , Imran, Muhammad , Maqsood, Aneela , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 101, no. (2019), p. 352-370
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Recently, mobile crowd sensing (MCS) is captivating growing attention because of their suitability for enormous range of new types of context-aware applications and services. This is attributed to the fact that modern smartphones are equipped with unprecedented sensing, computing, and communication capabilities that allow them to perform more complex tasks besides their inherent calling features. Despite a number of merits, MCS confronts new challenges due to network dynamics, the huge volume of data, sensing task coordination, and the user privacy problems. In this paper, a comprehensive review of MCS is presented. First, we highlight the distinguishing features and potential advantages of MCS compared to conventional sensor networks. Then, a taxonomy of MCS is devised based on sensing scale, level of user involvement and responsiveness, sampling rate, and underlying network infrastructure. Afterward, we categorize and classify prominent applications of MCS in environmental, infrastructure, social, and behavioral domains. The core architecture of MCS is also described. Finally, we describe the potential advantages, determine and reiterate the open research challenges of MCS and illustrate possible solutions. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Self-aware autonomous city : from sensing to planning

- Chen, Bo-Wei, Imran, Muhammad, Nasser, Nidal, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Chen, Bo-Wei , Imran, Muhammad , Nasser, Nidal , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 57, no. 4 (2019), p. 33-39
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: This article presents a knowledge mining model, where a city can plan its development based on existing knowledge during city expansion, for example, telecommunication resource allocation and crowd forecasts in a new region. Unlike most works that focused on Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensing, this study is aimed at urban planning by using harvested data, from the perspective of city architects. For large-scale metropolitan areas, a massive amount of data is generated every day, either from static surveys or dynamic IoT sensing. For urban planners, data collection is not their primary concern. How to transfer harvested knowledge from exiting parts of the city to suburban/rural/untapped areas is a new challenge. This is because those areas still lack sufficient statistics, and the density of IoT deployment is low. Therefore, development is risky and uncertain. To exploit new regions requires knowledge inference. Such a transition needs data interpretation from historical city dynamics, involving sensor deployment, human activities, and resource allocation in the vicinity. With the proposed model, a city can estimate the requirement for resources when the peripheral areas on the outskirts of a city develop. The same model can be applied to enterprises for resource deployment, and applications are not merely limited to governments. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

Smart dynamic traffic monitoring and enforcement system

- El-Hansali, Youssef, Outay, Fatma, Yasar, Ansar, Farrag, Siham, Shoaib, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Awan, Hammad

  • Authors: El-Hansali, Youssef , Outay, Fatma , Yasar, Ansar , Farrag, Siham , Shoaib, Muhammad , Imran, Muhammad , Awan, Hammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computers, Materials and Continua Vol. 67, no. 3 (2021), p. 2797-2806
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Enforcement of traffic rules and regulations involves a wide range of complex tasks, many of which demand the use of modern technologies. variable speed limits (VSL) control is to change the current speed limit according to the current traffic situation based on the observed traffic conditions. The aim of this study is to provide a simulation-based methodological framework to evaluate (VSL) as an effective Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) enforcement system. The focus of the study is on measuring the effectiveness of the dynamic traffic control strategy on traffic performance and safety considering various performance indicators such as total travel time, average delay, and average number of stops. United Arab Emirates (UAE) was selected as a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy. A micro simulation software package VISSIM with add-on module VisVAP is used to evaluate the impacts of VSL. It has been observed that VSL control strategy reduced the average delay time per vehicle to around 7%, travel time by 3.2%, and number of stops by 48.5%. Dynamic traffic control strategies also alleviated congestion by increasing the capacity of the bottleneck section and improving safety. Results of this study would act as a guidance for engineers and decision makers to new traffic control system implementation. © 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

A novel countermeasure technique for reactive jamming attack in internet of things

- Fadele, Alaba, Othman, Mazliza, Hashem, Ibrahim, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Fadele, Alaba , Othman, Mazliza , Hashem, Ibrahim , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Multimedia Tools and Applications Vol. 78, no. 21 (2019), p. 29899-29920
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted significant attention because of its wide range of applications in various domains. However, security is a growing concern as users of small devices in an IoT network are unable to defend themselves against reactive jamming attacks. These attacks negatively affect the performance of devices and hinder IoT operations. To address such an issue, this paper presents a novel countermeasure detection and consistency algorithm (CDCA), which aims to fight reactive jamming attacks on IoT networks. The proposed CDCA uses a change in threshold value to detect and treat an attack. The algorithm employs channel signal strength to check packet consistency by determining if the data transmission value contradicts the threshold value. The node that sends the threshold value is periodically checked and the threshold value is compared with the current value after data transmission to find out if an attack has occurred in the network. Based on realistic simulation scenarios (e.g., with varying traffic interval, number of malicious nodes, and random mobility patterns), the performance of the proposed CDCA is evaluated using a Cooja simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique compared with contemporary schemes in terms of performance metrics such as energy consumption, traffic delay, and network throughput. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Have you been a victim of COVID-19-related cyber incidents? Survey, taxonomy, and mitigation strategies

- Hakak, Saqib, Khan, Wazir, Imran, Muhammad, Choo, Kim-Kwang, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Hakak, Saqib , Khan, Wazir , Imran, Muhammad , Choo, Kim-Kwang , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 8, no. (2020), p. 124134-124144
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Cybercriminals are constantly on the lookout for new attack vectors, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic is no exception. For example, social distancing measures have resulted in travel bans, lockdowns, and stay-at-home orders, consequently increasing the reliance on information and communications technologies, such as Zoom. Cybercriminals have also attempted to exploit the pandemic to facilitate a broad range of malicious activities, such as attempting to take over videoconferencing platforms used in online meetings/educational activities, information theft, and other fraudulent activities. This study briefly reviews some of the malicious cyber activities associated with COVID-19 and the potential mitigation solutions. We also propose an attack taxonomy, which (optimistically) will help guide future risk management and mitigation responses. © 2013 IEEE.