List of Titles

Unbearable pressures on paradise? Tourism and heritage management in Luang Prabang, a World Heritage Site

Authors: Reeves, Keir , Long, Colin
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Critical Asian Studies Vol. 43, no. 1 (2011), p. 3-22
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Description: This article critically appraises and evaluates tourism strategies and heritage management in Luang Prabang, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, a Unesco-designated ‘world heritage’ city. Luang Prabang is widely regarded as one of the most significant heritage cities in Southeast Asia. The city is renowned for its Buddhist and royal culture and also its historic vernacular Lao, French, and Lao-French architecture. The city earned world heritage status in 1995, but since that time the boom in in-bound Asian tourism has put pressures on Luang Prabang’s authenticity and, for some, called into question the validity of its world heritage status. This article examines these substantial and wide-ranging pressures and argues that the growth in tourism and the treatment of Luang Prabang’s heritage are symptoms of broader regional processes of political and economic change, including the expansion of Chinese and Korean investments and the growth of intra-regional tourism. The authors argue that it is unreasonable to expect traditional heritage management mechanisims, including the world heritage listing, to be able to cope with the pressures on sites like Luang Prabang. The very least that is required, the authors contend, is an expanded understanding of the context in which heritage places sit, and the authors make a case that the cultural landscapes approach, combined with explicit concerns for intangible heritage and poverty alleviation, must be at the core of any strategy for long-term protection of the city’s cultural values.

Chinese places: Ethnography and landscape

Authors: McConville, Chris , Reeves, Keir
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Historic Environment Vol. 23, no. 3 (2011), p. 24-30
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Description: Chinese immigrants and especially the Chinese on the goldfields of Victoria, now figure centrally in history curricula and in heritage and tourist promotions most prominently of course, through Bendigo’s Chinese Heritage Precinct and the Gum San Heritage Centre in Ararat. These public representations of nineteenth-century diversity draw equally from a reflexive, culturally-informed historiography and a radically transformed popular culture in Australia, Victoria in particular (Waterhouse 2009: 11–14). No doubt, when heritage analysis of the central goldfields was first systematised, following the Victorian Historic Buildings Act (1974) and a subsequent sequence of municipal conservation studies, the Chinese appeared as something of a curiosity, on the margins of the enterprise of mining and peripheral to the heritage of goldfields towns (Davison 1991). Only after decades of research and widening perceptions of what could be properly classed as heritage, has Chinese settlement emerged as critical to assessment and interpretation, and of course heritage tourism, within townships as well as in state forests and national parks. Perhaps coincidentally this interest in Chinese heritage parallels a revival of Chinese immigration to Australia, in a broad view, comparable to the peaks of the nineteenth-century gold era. And yet, in part because so many remnants of the work of Chinese settlers have been erased, and their intricate mining systems fragmented, these sites unintentionally revert to the status occupied years ago by their creators – as eccentric curiosities.

Managing diversity: Reviewing rule 30 and the implications of the racial vilification laws in the Australian football league since 1995

- Gorman, Sean, Reeves, Keir

Authors: Gorman, Sean , Reeves, Keir
Date: 2012
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues Vol. 15, no. 2 (2012), p. 14-22
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Description: This article examines the implications of the Australian Football League’s Rule 30 on vilification in football and society. Considering the views of key industry, government, community, multicultural, Indigenous and academic stakeholders it addresses the themes of community harmony, multiculturalism and reconciliation. The paper evaluates the role of Australian Rules football in changing contemporary attitudes towards vilification and how public policy in this area has been driven by sports-led initiatives such as the AFL Rule 30. It briefly provides an international context for understanding these Australian-led initiatives. ”Racism denies people the fundamental human right to be judged by their character, by what is inside. This is why it is not easy to experience a lifetime of racial abuse, be constantly reminded of it and yet be expected to ignore it”. (The Age 1997: 16).

Integrating the historiography of the nineteenth-century gold rushes

- Reeves, Keir, Frost, Lionel, Fahey, Charles

Authors: Reeves, Keir , Frost, Lionel , Fahey, Charles
Date: 2010
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Australian Economic History Review Vol. 50, no. 2 (2010), p. 111-128
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Description: In the century preceding World War I, the world experienced a series of gold rushes. The wealth derived from these was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself was generally unprofitable for diggers and mine owners, the increase in the world's gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. In this introductory article we integrate the histories of migration, trade, colonisation, and environmental history to identify endogenous factors that increased the world's gold supply and generated sustained economic growth in the regions that were affected by gold rushes.

Niche strategies for small regional cities : A case study of the Bendigo Chinese heritage precinct plan

- Wheeler, Fiona, Reeves, Keir, Laing, Jennifer, Frost, Warwick

Authors: Wheeler, Fiona , Reeves, Keir , Laing, Jennifer , Frost, Warwick
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Tourism Recreation Research Vol. 34, no. 3 (2009), p. 295-306
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Description: Much of the focus of destination planning research to date has been on major cities, often with populations of one million or more. There is however a growing emphasis on planning for the sustainable development of cities outside the larger metropolitan hubs, with a view to attracting tourists and building liveable communities. The challenge for these regional places is to reinvent themselves and create new destination images, while maintaining a high quality of life for residents. The case study of Bendigo (an inland regional city in central Victoria, Australia, with a population of nearly 100,000) illustrates some of the issues that these destinations need to grapple with in connection with tourism planning. The discovery of a Chinese kiln dating back to the gold rushes of the 19th century became a catalyst for the local government council to develop a marketing and interpretation plan for a Chinese Heritage Precinct, encompassing various heritage assets with a Chinese association. This case study examines both the process and outcomes of this strategic plan. The article highlights the need for planning processes that emphasize the importance of engaging with a diverse group of stakeholders, including government, community organizations and private interests, to gain their input into and support of the process. It also explores the benefits of using an external research team to assist the destination with gaining a deeper understanding of its tourism potential, including key markets and prioritization of limited resources for tourism development.

Cultural landscape and goldfield heritage: Towards a land management framework for the historic South-West Pacific gold mining landscapes

- Reeves, Keir, McConville, Chris

Authors: Reeves, Keir , McConville, Chris
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Landscape Research Vol. 36, no. 2 (2011), p. 191-207
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Description: This article investigates how cultural landscapes (especially the potentially limiting organically evolved landscape) can be used as a research framework to evaluate historical mining heritage sites in Australia and New Zealand. We argue that when mining heritage sites are read as evolved organic landscapes and linked to the surrounding forested and hedged farmland, the disruptive aspects of mining are masked. Cultural landscape is now a separate listing for World Heritage sites and includes associative and designed landscape as well as those that have evolved organically. These usages have rarely been scrutinized with care. We analyse how mid-nineteenth century goldmining sites can be best thematically interpreted and understood for their heritage, indeed World Heritage, significance and, where appropriate, developed for their sustainable heritage tourism potential. Drawing on a number of research disciplines, a schematic framework is offered for interpreting and classifying these new world cultural landscapes based upon analysis of gold-rush heritage sites throughout the Trans-Tasman world. We evaluate and apply this framework to place-based case studies in Victoria, Australia and Otago, New Zealand

Broken Hill: rethinking the significance of the material culture and intangible heritage of the Australian labour movement

- Reeves, Keir, Eklund, Erik, Reeves, Andrew, Scates, Bruce, Peel, Victoria

Authors: Reeves, Keir , Eklund, Erik , Reeves, Andrew , Scates, Bruce , Peel, Victoria
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Journal of Heritage Studies Vol. 17, no. 4 (2011), p. 301-317
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Description: Taking Broken Hill as an exemplar of Australian, indeed global, labour heritage, this article, analyses the survival of labour heritage and union practices in the town that continues to the present. It examines the interpretation of successive layers of industrial and labour history as a means of revealing a culturally dynamic and enduring community with close connections to its built heritage. The authors challenge the application of two-dimensional and static models of heritage interpretations too often applied to contested heritage sites. The authors argue that Broken Hill is a community whose determined social and industrial character and distinct built environment has transcended changing patterns of investment and economic decline.

Reviewing Chinese-Australian heritage: History, people and place, local and international

- Reeves, Keir

Authors: Reeves, Keir
Date: 2012
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Historic Environment Vol. 24, no. 1 (2012), p. 2-6
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Description: In the second decade of the twenty-first century a number of approaches are now used to examine Chinese-Australian heritage. This article reviews some of these with reference to key sites, research themes, methods of interpretation, historiographical debates, theories of diaspora and current trends in the field. In doing so it emphasises the need for further interdisciplinary collaboration in order to understand Chinese- Australian heritage. Drawing upon the current work of a number of researchers and practitioners, it argues that further integration of intangible cultural heritage with built urban forms and historical landscapes is required. It also highlights the need to consider local, often site-specific examples of Chinese-Australian heritage within the broader framework of international developments in heritage practice and policy.

Roots tourism: Blackbirding and the South Sea Islander diaspora

- Cheer, Joseph, Reeves, Keir

Authors: Cheer, Joseph , Reeves, Keir
Date: 2013
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Tourism Analysis Vol. 18, no. 3 (2013), p. 259-271
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Description: Roots tourism and diaspora travel are inextricably aligned and embody more than just another avenue for the expansion of tourism. This article, using Vanuatu as the context, argues that roots tourism has far broader implications for diaspora, especially in so far as geopolitical relationships between colonial powers and their former outposts are concerned. The return sojourns of Australia’s South Sea Islander diaspora are used in this article to highlight the phenomenon of roots tourism. The circumstances surrounding the arrival of the first islanders during what became known as the blackbirding era, beginning in the 1860s through to the early 1900s, is subject to contestation as to whether this constituted free or forced labor. Such narratives are common among diaspora when evaluating the legacy of colonialism, particularly when the specter of exploitation and mistreatment resonates. Roots tourism and the travel of diaspora are aimed at reconciling the ensuing questions of identity, culture, and place. This article argues that roots tourism offers personal relief and restitution as well as contributes to broader sociopolitical advancement between the descendants of the colonized and present-day institutions.

Sojourners or a new diaspora? Economic implications of the movement of Chinese miners to the south-west Pacific goldfields

- Reeves, Keir

Authors: Reeves, Keir
Date: 2010
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Australian Economic History Review Vol. 50, no. 2 (2010), p. 178-192
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Description: Chinese gold seekers were the largest non-British group on the goldfields of Australasia and constituted the largest nationality on some diggings. In considering the movement of Chinese miners to and throughout the goldfields colonies of the southwest Pacific, this articles argues there existed a more complex pattern of migration than that suggested by the sojourner model of arrival, brief stay and departure. It examines the links between migration patterns and economic activity, and argues that economic history perspectives complement the insights offered by recent social and cultural history in the field.

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