Characterization of the gut microbiota of Papua New Guineans using reverse transcription quantitative PCR
- Greenhill, Andrew, Tsuji, Hirokazu, Ogata, Kiyohito, Natsuhara, Kazumi, Morita, Ayako, Soli, Kevin, Larkins, Jo-Ann, Tadokoro, Kiyoshi, Odani, Shingo, Baba, Jun, Naito, Yuichi, Tomitsuka, Eriko, Nomoto, Kriko, Siba, Peter, Horwood, Paul, Umezaki, Masahiro
- Authors: Greenhill, Andrew , Tsuji, Hirokazu , Ogata, Kiyohito , Natsuhara, Kazumi , Morita, Ayako , Soli, Kevin , Larkins, Jo-Ann , Tadokoro, Kiyoshi , Odani, Shingo , Baba, Jun , Naito, Yuichi , Tomitsuka, Eriko , Nomoto, Kriko , Siba, Peter , Horwood, Paul , Umezaki, Masahiro
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 10, no. 2 (2015), p. 1-15
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- Description: There has been considerable interest in composition of gut microbiota in recent years, leading to a better understanding of the role the gut microbiota plays in health and disease. Most studies have been limited in their geographical and socioeconomic diversity to high-income settings, and have been conducted using small sample sizes. To date, few analyses have been conducted in low-income settings, where a better understanding of the gut microbiome could lead to the greatest return in terms of health benefits. Here, we have used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting dominant and sub-dominant groups of microorganisms associated with human gut microbiome in 115 people living a subsistence lifestyle in rural areas of Papua New Guinea. Quantification of Clostridium coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup, C. perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium cluster, Prevotella, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus spp. was conducted. Principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed two dimensions with Prevotella, clostridia, Atopobium, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus grouping in one dimension, while B. fragilis, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus grouping in the second dimension. Highland people had higher numbers of most groups of bacteria detected, and this is likely a key factor for the differences revealed by PCoA between highland and lowland study participants. Age and sex were not major determinants in microbial population composition. The study demonstrates a gut microbial composition with some similarities to those observed in other low-income settings where traditional diets are consumed, which have previously been suggested to favor energy extraction from a carbohydrate rich diet. © 2015 PLOS ONE.
- Authors: Greenhill, Andrew , Tsuji, Hirokazu , Ogata, Kiyohito , Natsuhara, Kazumi , Morita, Ayako , Soli, Kevin , Larkins, Jo-Ann , Tadokoro, Kiyoshi , Odani, Shingo , Baba, Jun , Naito, Yuichi , Tomitsuka, Eriko , Nomoto, Kriko , Siba, Peter , Horwood, Paul , Umezaki, Masahiro
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 10, no. 2 (2015), p. 1-15
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There has been considerable interest in composition of gut microbiota in recent years, leading to a better understanding of the role the gut microbiota plays in health and disease. Most studies have been limited in their geographical and socioeconomic diversity to high-income settings, and have been conducted using small sample sizes. To date, few analyses have been conducted in low-income settings, where a better understanding of the gut microbiome could lead to the greatest return in terms of health benefits. Here, we have used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting dominant and sub-dominant groups of microorganisms associated with human gut microbiome in 115 people living a subsistence lifestyle in rural areas of Papua New Guinea. Quantification of Clostridium coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup, C. perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium cluster, Prevotella, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus spp. was conducted. Principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed two dimensions with Prevotella, clostridia, Atopobium, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus grouping in one dimension, while B. fragilis, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus grouping in the second dimension. Highland people had higher numbers of most groups of bacteria detected, and this is likely a key factor for the differences revealed by PCoA between highland and lowland study participants. Age and sex were not major determinants in microbial population composition. The study demonstrates a gut microbial composition with some similarities to those observed in other low-income settings where traditional diets are consumed, which have previously been suggested to favor energy extraction from a carbohydrate rich diet. © 2015 PLOS ONE.
A high burden of asymptomatic gastrointestinal infections in traditional communities in Papua New Guinea
- Horwood, Paul, Soli, Kevin, Maure, Tobias, Naito, Yuichi, Morita, Ayako, Natsuhara, Kazumi, Tadokoro, Kiyoshi, Baba, Jun, Odani, Shingo, Tomitsuka, Eriko, Igai, Katsura, Larkins, Jo-Ann, Siba, Peter, Pomat, William, McBryde, Emma, Umezaki, Masahiro, Greenhill, Andrew
- Authors: Horwood, Paul , Soli, Kevin , Maure, Tobias , Naito, Yuichi , Morita, Ayako , Natsuhara, Kazumi , Tadokoro, Kiyoshi , Baba, Jun , Odani, Shingo , Tomitsuka, Eriko , Igai, Katsura , Larkins, Jo-Ann , Siba, Peter , Pomat, William , McBryde, Emma , Umezaki, Masahiro , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 97, no. 6 (2017), p. 1872-1875
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- Description: Stool samples were collected from 148 healthy adults living a traditional subsistence lifestyle in Papua New Guinea and screened for enteric pathogens using real-time RT-PCR/PCR assays. Enteric pathogens were detected in a high proportion (41%) of individuals. Clear differences were observed in the detection of pathogens between highland and lowland communities. In particular, there was a marked difference in detection rates of norovirus GII (20% and 0%, respectively) and Shigella sp. (15% and 0%, respectively). Analysis of the relationship between enteric pathogen carriage and microbial community composition of participants, using box plots to compare specific normal flora population numbers, did not suggest that gut microbial composition was directly associated with pathogen carriage. This study suggests that enteric pathogens are common in healthy individuals in Papua New Guinean highland communities, presumably acting as a reservoir of infection and thus contributing to a high burden of gastrointestinal illnesses.
- Authors: Horwood, Paul , Soli, Kevin , Maure, Tobias , Naito, Yuichi , Morita, Ayako , Natsuhara, Kazumi , Tadokoro, Kiyoshi , Baba, Jun , Odani, Shingo , Tomitsuka, Eriko , Igai, Katsura , Larkins, Jo-Ann , Siba, Peter , Pomat, William , McBryde, Emma , Umezaki, Masahiro , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 97, no. 6 (2017), p. 1872-1875
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Stool samples were collected from 148 healthy adults living a traditional subsistence lifestyle in Papua New Guinea and screened for enteric pathogens using real-time RT-PCR/PCR assays. Enteric pathogens were detected in a high proportion (41%) of individuals. Clear differences were observed in the detection of pathogens between highland and lowland communities. In particular, there was a marked difference in detection rates of norovirus GII (20% and 0%, respectively) and Shigella sp. (15% and 0%, respectively). Analysis of the relationship between enteric pathogen carriage and microbial community composition of participants, using box plots to compare specific normal flora population numbers, did not suggest that gut microbial composition was directly associated with pathogen carriage. This study suggests that enteric pathogens are common in healthy individuals in Papua New Guinean highland communities, presumably acting as a reservoir of infection and thus contributing to a high burden of gastrointestinal illnesses.
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