Plasma volume expansion 24-hours post-exercise: Effect of doubling the volume of replacement fluid
- Kay, Bartholomew, O'Brien, Brendan, Gill, Nicholas
- Authors: Kay, Bartholomew , O'Brien, Brendan , Gill, Nicholas
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 4, no. 2 (2005), p. 179-184
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The effects of two volumes (1.5 L or 3.0 L) of commercially available electrolyte beverage (1.44 mM·L-1 Na+) taken during a 24-hour recovery period post-exercise, on plasma volume (PV) expansion 24-hours post-exercise were assessed. A simple random-order crossover research design was used. Subjects (n = 9 males: age 21 ± 4 years, body mass 80.0 ± 9.0 kg, peak incremental 60-second cycling power output 297 ± 45 W [means ± SD]) completed an identical exercise protocol conducted in hot ambient conditions (35°C, 50% relative humidity) on two occasions; separated by 7-days. On each occasion, subjects received a different volume of 24-hour fluid intake (commercial beverage) in random order. In each case, the fluid was taken in five equal aliquots over 24-hours. PV expansions 24-hours post-exercise were estimated from changes in haemoglobin and haematocrit. Dependent t-testing revealed no significant differences in PV expansions between trials, however a significant expansion with respect to zero was identified in the 3.0 L trial only. Specifically, PV expansions (%) were; 1.5 L trial: (mean ± SE) 2.3 ± 2.0 (not significant with respect to zero), 3.0 L trial: 5.0 ± 2.0 (p < 0.05, with respect to zero). Under the conditions imposed in the current study, ingesting the greater volume of the beverage lead to larger mean PV expansion.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001182
- Authors: Kay, Bartholomew , O'Brien, Brendan , Gill, Nicholas
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 4, no. 2 (2005), p. 179-184
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The effects of two volumes (1.5 L or 3.0 L) of commercially available electrolyte beverage (1.44 mM·L-1 Na+) taken during a 24-hour recovery period post-exercise, on plasma volume (PV) expansion 24-hours post-exercise were assessed. A simple random-order crossover research design was used. Subjects (n = 9 males: age 21 ± 4 years, body mass 80.0 ± 9.0 kg, peak incremental 60-second cycling power output 297 ± 45 W [means ± SD]) completed an identical exercise protocol conducted in hot ambient conditions (35°C, 50% relative humidity) on two occasions; separated by 7-days. On each occasion, subjects received a different volume of 24-hour fluid intake (commercial beverage) in random order. In each case, the fluid was taken in five equal aliquots over 24-hours. PV expansions 24-hours post-exercise were estimated from changes in haemoglobin and haematocrit. Dependent t-testing revealed no significant differences in PV expansions between trials, however a significant expansion with respect to zero was identified in the 3.0 L trial only. Specifically, PV expansions (%) were; 1.5 L trial: (mean ± SE) 2.3 ± 2.0 (not significant with respect to zero), 3.0 L trial: 5.0 ± 2.0 (p < 0.05, with respect to zero). Under the conditions imposed in the current study, ingesting the greater volume of the beverage lead to larger mean PV expansion.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001182
Selection of potential endurance tests & Kinanthropometric measures: Report 2
- Payne, Warren, Brotherhood, John, Harvey, Jack, Knez, Wade, Kay, Bartholomew, Selig, Steve
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Brotherhood, John , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Kay, Bartholomew , Selig, Steve
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1. The aim of this work package was to identify a range of potential tests that may be used by the ADF to predict performance on trade tasks that involve a significant endurance component and potentially a significant strength-endurance component. The work package also aimed to identify a battery of kinanthropometric tests for use within the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP). The method used was to review the relevant academic and Defence literature and to conduct a oneday workshop attended by subject matter experts from the UB team and the ADF. The workshop was conducted in a manner that enabled the participants to comment on the literature provided by way of a background briefing paper and to use their collective experience and expertise to identify a number of potential tests and measures in keeping with the overall aim of the work package. It was assumed that the criterion endurance trade task would be the 50 km pack march. The literature review identified a range of approaches to the selection or development of a test to predicted performance on the 50 km pack march. These approaches include the prediction of endurance capacity from: • a direct measure of a related trade task (e.g. a shorter pack march) (Approach A);
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Brotherhood, John , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Kay, Bartholomew , Selig, Steve
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1. The aim of this work package was to identify a range of potential tests that may be used by the ADF to predict performance on trade tasks that involve a significant endurance component and potentially a significant strength-endurance component. The work package also aimed to identify a battery of kinanthropometric tests for use within the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP). The method used was to review the relevant academic and Defence literature and to conduct a oneday workshop attended by subject matter experts from the UB team and the ADF. The workshop was conducted in a manner that enabled the participants to comment on the literature provided by way of a background briefing paper and to use their collective experience and expertise to identify a number of potential tests and measures in keeping with the overall aim of the work package. It was assumed that the criterion endurance trade task would be the 50 km pack march. The literature review identified a range of approaches to the selection or development of a test to predicted performance on the 50 km pack march. These approaches include the prediction of endurance capacity from: • a direct measure of a related trade task (e.g. a shorter pack march) (Approach A);
Immediate re-hydration post-exercise is not coincident with raised mean arterial pressure over a 30-minute observation period
- Kay, Bartholomew, O'Brien, Brendan, Gill, Nicholas
- Authors: Kay, Bartholomew , O'Brien, Brendan , Gill, Nicholas
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 4, no. 4 (Dec 2005), p. 422-429
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This investigation assessed the effects of immediate or delayed re-hydration post-exercise, on mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP) and on blood plasma volume (PV) expansion post-exercise. It was hypothesised that fluid ingestion would raise MAP and attenuate PV expansion. On two occasions separated by seven days, eight males ( age 20.4 +/- 1.7 years, mass 79 +/- 5 kg [ means +/- SD]; VO2 max 48 +/- 11 mL center dot kg(-1) center dot minute(-1), [mean +/- SE]) cycled in the heat (35 degrees C, 50% relative humidity) at a power output associated with 50% VO2 max, until 1.0kg body mass was lost. 1L water was given either immediately thereafter, or two hours post-exercise by random assignment. On both occasions, MAP was calculated every five minutes for a period of 30-minutes post-exercise, and change in PV was calculated 24-hours post-exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA for MAP results suggested a low probability of a treatment effect ( p = 0.655), a high probability of a time effect ( p = 0.006), and a moderately high probability of a time x treatment interaction ( p = 0.076); MAP tended to be lower when fluid had been consumed. PV expansions 24-hours post-exercise were not significant changes with respect to zero, and were not significantly different by treatment condition. In conclusion: ( a) The exercise was not sufficient to elicit significant PV expansions; thus, we were unable to determine the effects of the timing of post-exercise re-hydration on PV expansion. (b) The hypothesis regarding MAP in response to drinking was not supported, rather there was a 92% probability that the inverse affect occurs.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002930
- Authors: Kay, Bartholomew , O'Brien, Brendan , Gill, Nicholas
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 4, no. 4 (Dec 2005), p. 422-429
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This investigation assessed the effects of immediate or delayed re-hydration post-exercise, on mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP) and on blood plasma volume (PV) expansion post-exercise. It was hypothesised that fluid ingestion would raise MAP and attenuate PV expansion. On two occasions separated by seven days, eight males ( age 20.4 +/- 1.7 years, mass 79 +/- 5 kg [ means +/- SD]; VO2 max 48 +/- 11 mL center dot kg(-1) center dot minute(-1), [mean +/- SE]) cycled in the heat (35 degrees C, 50% relative humidity) at a power output associated with 50% VO2 max, until 1.0kg body mass was lost. 1L water was given either immediately thereafter, or two hours post-exercise by random assignment. On both occasions, MAP was calculated every five minutes for a period of 30-minutes post-exercise, and change in PV was calculated 24-hours post-exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA for MAP results suggested a low probability of a treatment effect ( p = 0.655), a high probability of a time effect ( p = 0.006), and a moderately high probability of a time x treatment interaction ( p = 0.076); MAP tended to be lower when fluid had been consumed. PV expansions 24-hours post-exercise were not significant changes with respect to zero, and were not significantly different by treatment condition. In conclusion: ( a) The exercise was not sufficient to elicit significant PV expansions; thus, we were unable to determine the effects of the timing of post-exercise re-hydration on PV expansion. (b) The hypothesis regarding MAP in response to drinking was not supported, rather there was a 92% probability that the inverse affect occurs.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002930
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