List of Titles

Machine learning for 5G security : architecture, recent advances, and challenges

- Afaq, Amir, Haider, Noman, Baig, Muhammad, Khan, Komal, Imran, Muhammad, Razzak, Imran

Authors: Afaq, Amir , Haider, Noman , Baig, Muhammad , Khan, Komal , Imran, Muhammad , Razzak, Imran
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Ad Hoc Networks Vol. 123, no. (2021), p.
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Description: The granularization of crucial network functions implementation using software-centric, and virtualized approaches in 5G networks have brought forth unprecedented security challenges in general and privacy concerns. Moreover, these software components’ premature deployment and compromised supply chain put the individual network components at risk and have a ripple effect for the rest of the network. Some of the novel threats to 5G assets include tampering in identity and access management, supply-chain poisoning, masquerade and bot attacks, loop-holes in source codes. Machine learning (ML) in this context can help to provide heavily dynamic and robust security mechanisms for the software-centric architecture of 5G Networks. ML models’ development and implementation also rely on programmable environments; hence, they can play a vital role in designing, modelling, and automating efficient security protocols. This article presents the threat landscape across 5G networks and discusses the feasibility and architecture of different ML-based models to counter these threats. Also, we present the architecture for automated threat intelligence using cooperative and coordinated ML to secure 5G assets and infrastructure. We also present the summary of closely related existing works along with future research challenges. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Intelligent energy prediction techniques for fog computing networks

- Farooq, Umar, Shabir, Muhammad, Javed, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Farooq, Umar , Shabir, Muhammad , Javed, Muhammad , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Applied Soft Computing Vol. 111, no. (2021), p.
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Description: Energy Efficiency is a key concern for future fog-enabled Internet of Things (IoT). Since Fog Nodes (FNs) are energy-constrained devices, task offloading techniques must consider the energy consumption of the FNs to maximize the performance of IoT applications. In this context, accurate energy prediction can enable the development of intelligent energy-aware task offloading techniques. In this paper, we present two energy prediction techniques, the first one is based on the Recursive Least Square (RLS) filter and the second one uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Both techniques use inputs such as the number of tasks and size of the tasks to predict the energy consumption at different fog nodes. Simulation results show that both techniques have a root mean square error of less than 3%. However, the ANN-based technique shows up to 20% less root mean square error as compared to the RLS-based technique. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Overcoming the key challenges to establishing vehicular communication : is SDN the answer?

- Yaqoob, Ibrar, Ahmad, Iftikhar, Ahmed, Ejaz, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Nadra

Authors: Yaqoob, Ibrar , Ahmad, Iftikhar , Ahmed, Ejaz , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Nadra
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 55, no. 7 (2017), p. 128-135
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Description: Considerable development in software-based configurable hardware has paved the way for a new networking paradigm called software-defined vehicular networks (SDVNs). The distinctive features of SDN, such as its flexibility and programmability, can help fulfill the performance and management requirements for VANETs. Although several studies exist on VANET and SDN, a tutorial on SDVNs is still lacking. In this article, we initially investigate recent premier research advances in the SDVN paradigm. Then we categorize and classify SDVN concepts and establish a taxonomy based on important characteristics, such as services, access technologies, network architectural components, opportunities, operational modes, and system components. Furthermore, we identify and outline the key requirements for SDVNs. Finally, we enumerate and outline future research challenges. © 2017 IEEE.

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Blind detection of copy-move forgery in digital audio forensics

- Imran, Muhammad, Ali, Zulfiqar, Bakhsh, Sheikh, Akram, Sheeraz

Authors: Imran, Muhammad , Ali, Zulfiqar , Bakhsh, Sheikh , Akram, Sheeraz
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 5, no. (2017), p. 12843-12855
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Description: Although copy-move forgery is one of the most common fabrication techniques, blind detection of such tampering in digital audio is mostly unexplored. Unlike active techniques, blind forgery detection is challenging, because it does not embed a watermark or signature in an audio that is unknown in most of the real-life scenarios. Therefore, forgery localization becomes more challenging, especially when using blind methods. In this paper, we propose a novel method for blind detection and localization of copy-move forgery. One of the most crucial steps in the proposed method is a voice activity detection (VAD) module for investigating audio recordings to detect and localize the forgery. The VAD module is equally vital for the development of the copy-move forgery database, wherein audio samples are generated by using the recordings of various types of microphones. We employ a chaotic theory to copy and move the text in generated forged recordings to ensure forgery localization at any place in a recording. The VAD module is responsible for the extraction of words in a forged audio, these words are analyzed by applying a 1-D local binary pattern operator. This operator provides the patterns of extracted words in the form of histograms. The forged parts (copy and move text) have similar histograms. An accuracy of 96.59% is achieved, the proposed method is deemed robust against noise. © 2013 IEEE.

Cloud robotics in smart manufacturing environments : challenges and countermeasures

- Yan, Hehua, Hua, Qingsong, Wang, Yingying, Wei, Wenguo, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Yan, Hehua , Hua, Qingsong , Wang, Yingying , Wei, Wenguo , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Computers and Electrical Engineering Vol. 63, no. (2017), p. 56-65
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Description: In Smart Manufacturing Environments (SME), the use of cloud robotics is based on the integration of cloud computing and industrial robots, which provides a new technological approach to task execution and resource sharing compared to traditional industrial robots. However, research on cloud robotics in SME still faces some challenges. First, highly flexible load scheduling mechanisms are immature. Second, traditional optimization mechanisms for the network service quality do not meet the requirements of smart manufacturing due to time variability and service quality dynamics. And, finally, existing learning algorithms used without cloud-assisted resources cause great resource wasting. Accordingly, this paper explores main technologies related to cloud robotics in SME. The research contents include self-adaptive adjustment mechanisms for the service quality of a cloud robot network, computing load allocation mechanisms for cloud robotics, and group learning based on a cloud platform. The results presented in this paper are helpful to understand the internal mechanisms of perception and interaction, intelligent scheduling and control of cloud robot systems oriented to smart manufacturing, and the design of a cloud architecture oriented to group learning. © 2017

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Enhancing quality-of-service conditions using a cross-layer paradigm for ad-hoc vehicular communication

- Rehman, Sabih, Arif Khan, M. Arif, Imran, Muhammad, Zia, Tanveer, Iftikhar, Mohsin

Authors: Rehman, Sabih , Arif Khan, M. Arif , Imran, Muhammad , Zia, Tanveer , Iftikhar, Mohsin
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 5, no. (2017), p. 12404-12416
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Description: The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is an emerging paradigm aiming to introduce a plethora of innovative applications and services that impose a certain quality of service (QoS) requirements. The IoV mainly relies on vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) for autonomous inter-vehicle communication and road-traffic safety management. With the ever-increasing demand to design new and emerging applications for VANETs, one challenge that continues to stand out is the provision of acceptable QoS requirements to particular user applications. Most existing solutions to this challenge rely on a single layer of the protocol stack. This paper presents a cross-layer decision-based routing protocol that necessitates choosing the best multi-hop path for packet delivery to meet acceptable QoS requirements. The proposed protocol acquires the information about the channel rate from the physical layer and incorporates this information in decision making, while directing traffic at the network layer level. Key performance metrics for the system design are analyzed using extensive experimental simulation scenarios. In addition, three data rate variant solutions are proposed to cater for various application-specific requirements in highways and urban environments. © 2013 IEEE.

Bringing Computation Closer toward the User Network: Is Edge Computing the Solution?

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Ahmed, Arif, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Shuja, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Ahmed, Arif , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Shuja, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 55, no. 11 (2017), p. 138-144
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Description: The virtually unlimited available resources and wide range of services provided by the cloud have resulted in the emergence of new cloud-based applications, such as smart grids, smart building control, and virtual reality. These developments, however, have also been accompanied by a problem for delay-sensitive applications that have stringent delay requirements. The current cloud computing paradigm cannot realize the requirements of mobility support, location awareness, and low latency. Hence, to address the problem, an edge computing paradigm that aims to extend the cloud resources and services and enable them to be nearer the edge of an enterprise's network has been introduced. In this article, we highlight the significance of edge computing by providing real-life scenarios that have strict constraint requirements on application response time. From the previous literature, we devise a taxonomy to classify the current research efforts in the domain of edge computing. We also discuss the key requirements that enable edge computing. Finally, current challenges in realizing the vision of edge computing are discussed. © 1979-2012 IEEE. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “ Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

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Assessing nitrate contamination risks in groundwater : a machine learning approach

- Awais, Muhammad, Aslam, Bilal, Maqsoom, Ahsen, Khalil, Umer, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Awais, Muhammad , Aslam, Bilal , Maqsoom, Ahsen , Khalil, Umer , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 21 (2021), p.
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Description: Groundwater is one of the primary sources for the daily water requirements of the masses, but it is subjected to contamination due to the pollutants, such as nitrate, percolating through the soil with water. Especially in built-up areas, groundwater vulnerability and contamination are of major concern, and require appropriate consideration. The present study develops a novel framework for assessing groundwater nitrate contamination risk for the area along the Karakoram Highway, which is a part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) route in northern Pakistan. A groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using the DRASTIC model. The nitrate concentration data from a previous study were used to formulate the nitrate contamination map. Three machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to analyze the probability of groundwater contamination incidence. Furthermore, groundwater contamination probability maps were obtained utilizing the ensemble modeling approach. The models were calibrated and validated through calibration trials, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (AUC), where a minimum AUC threshold value of 80% was achieved. Results indicated the accuracy of the models to be in the range of 0.82–0.87. The final groundwater contamination risk map highlights that 34% of the area is moderately vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and 13% of the area is exposed to high groundwater contamination risk. The findings of this study can facilitate decision-making regarding the location of future built-up areas properly in order to mitigate the nitrate contamination that can further reduce the associated health risks. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Towards intrusion detection to secure VANET-assisted healthcare monitoring system

- Ahmad, Iftikhar, Ahmad, Irshad, Amin, Fazal,, Imran, Muhammad, Sattar, Kashif

Authors: Ahmad, Iftikhar , Ahmad, Irshad , Amin, Fazal, , Imran, Muhammad , Sattar, Kashif
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics Vol. 7, no. 6 (2017), p. 1391-1398
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Description: Remote healthcare monitoring (RHM) has been used in contemporary disease management to improve the quality of life. A Secure VANET-Assisted Remote Healthcare Monitoring System is very importance due to privacy and sensitivity of the health data. In wireless network different kind of attacks produce and involve the core functionality of VANET-Assisted Remote Healthcare Monitoring System. DoS and DDoS are two important attacks and both are related to the network availability. This study provides the detail description and working mechanism of DoS and DDoS attack in VANET-Assisted Remote Healthcare Monitoring System. Further, it proposes the possible solutions to detect and prevent such attacks in network and make sure for end users to continuous access the network. Moreover, the random forest algorithm is proposed and applied to the benchmarked dataset for the detection of the attacks that may improve the security of RHM systems. The performance is addressed in accuracy, precision and recall metrics. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

The role of big data analytics in internet of things

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Hashem, Ibrahim, Khan, Imran, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Hashem, Ibrahim , Khan, Imran , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article , Article
Relation: Computer Networks Vol. 129, no. (2017), p. 459-471
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Description: The explosive growth in the number of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) and the exponential increase in data consumption only reflect how the growth of big data perfectly overlaps with that of IoT. The management of big data in a continuously expanding network gives rise to non-trivial concerns regarding data collection efficiency, data processing, analytics, and security. To address these concerns, researchers have examined the challenges associated with the successful deployment of IoT. Despite the large number of studies on big data, analytics, and IoT, the convergence of these areas creates several opportunities for flourishing big data and analytics for IoT systems. In this paper, we explore the recent advances in big data analytics for IoT systems as well as the key requirements for managing big data and for enabling analytics in an IoT environment. We taxonomized the literature based on important parameters. We identify the opportunities resulting from the convergence of big data, analytics, and IoT as well as discuss the role of big data analytics in IoT applications. Finally, several open challenges are presented as future research directions. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Region based cooperative routing in underwater wireless sensor networks

- Javaid, Nadeem, Hussain, Sheraz, Ahmad, Ashfaq, Imran, Muhammad, Khan, Abid, Guizani, Mohsen

Authors: Javaid, Nadeem , Hussain, Sheraz , Ahmad, Ashfaq , Imran, Muhammad , Khan, Abid , Guizani, Mohsen
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Network and Computer Applications Vol. 92, no. (2017), p. 31-41
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Description: Cooperative routing is an appealing challenge in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In this paper, we propose a region based cooperative routing protocol (RBCRP) for amplify and forward (AF) technique over Rayleigh faded channels in UWSNs. The source node sends the sensed signal to the destination and available relay nodes. At the destination node, bit error rate (BER) is checked on the basis of which, either positive or negative acknowledgement (ACK or NACK) is sent to the source and relay nodes. We also use mobile sinks (MSs) and energy harvesting techniques to further prolong the network lifetime and maximize the throughput. Our derived mathematical equations for the SNR gain and outage probability are verified by simulations. Results show that RBCRP performs better than the existing incremental best relay technique (IBRT) in terms of throughput, network lifetime and outage probability. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

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A critical analysis of mobility management related issues of wireless sensor networks in cyber physical systems

- Al-Muhtadi, Jalal, Qiang, Ma, Zeb, Khan, Chaudhry, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Al-Muhtadi, Jalal , Qiang, Ma , Zeb, Khan , Chaudhry, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 16363-16376
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Description: Mobility management has been a long-standing issue in mobile wireless sensor networks and especially in the context of cyber physical systems its implications are immense. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current approaches to mobility management by evaluating them against a set of criteria which are essentially inherent characteristics of such systems on which these approaches are expected to provide acceptable performance. We summarize these characteristics by using a quadruple set of metrics. Additionally, using this set we classify the various approaches to mobility management that are discussed in this paper. Finally, the paper concludes by reviewing the main findings and providing suggestions that will be helpful to guide future research efforts in the area. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

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Performance analysis of priority-based IEEE 802.15.6 protocol in saturated traffic conditions

- Ullah, Sana, Tovar, Eduardo, Kim, Ki, Kim, Kyong, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Ullah, Sana , Tovar, Eduardo , Kim, Ki , Kim, Kyong , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 66198-66209
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Description: Recent advancement in internet of medical things has enabled deployment of miniaturized, intelligent, and low-power medical devices in, on, or around a human body for unobtrusive and remote health monitoring. The IEEE 802.15.6 standard facilitates such monitoring by enabling low-power and reliable wireless communication between the medical devices. The IEEE 802.15.6 standard employs a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance protocol for resource allocation. It utilizes a priority-based backoff procedure by adjusting the contention window bounds of devices according to user requirements. As the performance of this protocol is considerably affected when the number of devices increases, we propose an accurate analytical model to estimate the saturation throughput, mean energy consumption, and mean delay over the number of devices. We assume an error-prone channel with saturated traffic conditions. We determine the optimal performance bounds for a fixed number of devices in different priority classes with different values of bit error ratio. We conclude that high-priority devices obtain quick and reliable access to the error-prone channel compared to low-priority devices. The proposed model is validated through extensive simulations. The performance bounds obtained in our analysis can be used to understand the tradeoffs between different priority levels and network performance. © 2018 IEEE.

Cloud-based smart manufacturing for personalized candy packing application

- Wang, Shiyong, Wan, Jiafu, Imran, Muhammad, Li, Di, Zhang, Chunhua

Authors: Wang, Shiyong , Wan, Jiafu , Imran, Muhammad , Li, Di , Zhang, Chunhua
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Supercomputing Vol. 74, no. 9 (2018), p. 4339-4357
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Description: Industry 4.0 has been proposed to address personalized consumption demands by building cyber-physical production systems for smart manufacturing. Although cloud manufacturing and some integrated frameworks for smart factory have been presented in literatures, it still lacks industrial applications. In this paper, we use personalized candy packing application as a demonstration to illustrate our smart factory design. We first describe the component layers of the smart factory, i.e., physical devices, private cloud, client terminals, and network, to enable the smart factory to be integrated with other systems, such as banks and logistical network, to cope with personalized consumption demands. Then, we present a scheme for inter-layered interaction. As for the physical devices, we also design an intra-layered negotiation mechanism to implement dynamic reconfiguration, so that the system can support hybrid production of multi-typed products. Finally, we give experimental results to verify efficiency, self-organized process, and hybrid production paradigm of the proposed system. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

5G for Vehicular Communications

- Shah, Syed, Ahmed, Ejaz, Imran, Muhammad, Zeadally, Sherali

Authors: Shah, Syed , Ahmed, Ejaz , Imran, Muhammad , Zeadally, Sherali
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 56, no. 1 (2018), p. 111-117
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Description: 5G is ongoing, and it is an emerging platform that not only aims to augment existing but also introduce a plethora of novel applications that require ultra-reliable low-latency communication. It is a new radio access technology that provides building blocks to retrofit existing platforms (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, and WiFi) for greater coverage, accessibility, and higher network density with respect to cells and devices. It implies that 5G aims to satisfy a diverse set of communication requirements of the various stakeholders. Among the stakeholders, vehicles, in particular, will benefit from 5G at both the system and application levels. The authors present a tutorial perspective on vehicular communications using the building blocks provided by 5G. First, we identify and describe key requirements of emerging vehicular communications and assess existing standards to determine their limitations. Then we provide a glimpse of the adopted 5G architecture and identify some of its promising salient features for vehicular communications. Finally, key 5G building blocks (i.e., proximity services, mobile edge computing and network slicing) are explored in the context of vehicular communications, and associated design challenges are highlighted. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

Managing big RDF data in clouds : challenges, opportunities, and solutions

- Elzein, Nahla, Majid, Mazlina, Hashem, Ibaker, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Alaba, Fadele, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Elzein, Nahla , Majid, Mazlina , Hashem, Ibaker , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Alaba, Fadele , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Sustainable Cities and Society Vol. 39, no. (2018), p. 375-386
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Description: The expansion of the services of the Semantic Web and the evolution of cloud computing technologies have significantly enhanced the capability of preserving and publishing information in standard open web formats, such that data can be both human-readable and machine-processable. This situation meets the challenge in the current big data era to effectively store, retrieve, and analyze resource description framework (RDF) data in swarms. This paper presents an overview of the existing challenges, evolving opportunities, and current developments towards managing big RDF data in clouds and provides guidance and substantial lessons learned from research in big data management. In particular, it highlights the basic principles of RDF data management, which allow researchers to know the most recent stage in developing RDF graphs and its achievement. Additionally, the research provides comparative studies among current storage systems and query processing approaches in understanding their efficiency. The paper also provides a vision for long-term future research directions by providing highlights on future challenges and opportunities in RDF domain. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

A reconfigurable scatternet formation and maintenance scheme with heterogeneous services for smart Bluetooth devices

- Imran, Muhammad, Bakhsh, Sheikh, Tahir, Sabeen, Basheri, Mohammed, Shoaib, Muhammad

Authors: Imran, Muhammad , Bakhsh, Sheikh , Tahir, Sabeen , Basheri, Mohammed , Shoaib, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Sustainable Cities and Society Vol. 40, no. (2018), p. 589-599
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Description: Bluetooth Inter-piconet communication necessitates deployment of relay nodes. However, network performance is affected with the increased count of relays due to high control overhead. Moreover, the mobility and power failure of a relay node may partition the network, which affects scatternet performance. This research aims to maintain scatternet connectivity without employing redundant relays. This paper presents a Scatternet Formation and Maintenance (SFM) scheme that strives to sustain scatternet connectivity. To minimize control and flooding overhead, SFM removes redundant relays without disconnecting the scatternet. Moreover, backup relays are employed to avoid network partitioning. To avoid a link disconnection, Bluetooth devices in SFM continuously keep track of movement and residual energy. A moving node notifies its master before disconnecting any communication link to make an alternative arrangement for a backup. A backup relay is activated to maintain existing communication links. In addition, backup relay activation improves the performance of synchronous connection oriented and asynchronous connection less links. The proposed technique also reduces control messaging overhead for relay optimization from O(n2) to O(n). Simulation results validate effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme for inter-piconet communication. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

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Extending the technology acceptance model for use of e-learning systems by digital learners

- Hanif, Aamer, Jamal, Faheem, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Hanif, Aamer , Jamal, Faheem , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 73395-73404
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Description: Technology-based learning systems enable enhanced student learning in higher-education institutions. This paper evaluates the factors affecting behavioral intention of students toward using e-learning systems in universities to augment classroom learning. Based on the technology acceptance model, this paper proposes six external factors that influence the behavioral intention of students toward use of e-learning. A quantitative approach involving structural equation modeling is adopted, and research data collected from 437 undergraduate students enrolled in three academic programs is used for analysis. Results indicate that subjective norm, perception of external control, system accessibility, enjoyment, and result demonstrability have a significant positive influence on perceived usefulness and on perceived ease of use of the e-learning system. This paper also examines the relevance of some previously used external variables, e.g., self-efficacy, experience, and computer anxiety, for present-world students who have been brought up as digital learners and have higher levels of computer literacy and experience. © 2018 IEEE.

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A multivariant stream analysis approach to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks

- Kolandaisamy, Raenu, Md Noor, Rafidah, Ahmedy, Ismail, Ahmad, Iftikhar, Imran, Muhammad

Authors: Kolandaisamy, Raenu , Md Noor, Rafidah , Ahmedy, Ismail , Ahmad, Iftikhar , Imran, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Vol. 2018, no. (2018), p.
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Description: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are rapidly gaining attention due to the diversity of services that they can potentially offer. However, VANET communication is vulnerable to numerous security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Dealing with these attacks in VANET is a challenging problem. Most of the existing DDoS detection techniques suffer from poor accuracy and high computational overhead. To cope with these problems, we present a novel Multivariant Stream Analysis (MVSA) approach. The proposed MVSA approach maintains the multiple stages for detection DDoS attack in network. The Multivariant Stream Analysis gives unique result based on the Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication through Road Side Unit. The approach observes the traffic in different situations and time frames and maintains different rules for various traffic classes in various time windows. The performance of the MVSA is evaluated using an NS2 simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the MVSA regarding detection accuracy and reducing the impact on VANET communication. © 2018 Raenu Kolandaisamy et al. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

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Technology-assisted decision support system for efficient water utilization : a real-time testbed for irrigation using wireless sensor networks

- Khan, Rahim, Ali, Ihsan, Zakarya, Muhammad, Ahmad, Mushtaq, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

Authors: Khan, Rahim , Ali, Ihsan , Zakarya, Muhammad , Ahmad, Mushtaq , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 25686-25697
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Description: Scientific organizations and researchers are eager to apply recent technological advancements, such as sensors and actuators, in different application areas, including environmental monitoring, creation of intelligent buildings, and precision agriculture. Technology-assisted irrigation for agriculture is a major research innovation which eases the work of farmers and prevents water wastage. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used as sensor nodes that directly interact with the physical environment and provide real-time data that are useful in identifying regions in need, particularly in agricultural fields. This paper presents an efficient methodology that employs WSN as a data collection tool and a decision support system (DSS). The proposed DSS can assist farmers in their manual irrigation procedures or automate irrigation activities. Water-deficient sites in both scenarios are identified by using soil moisture and environmental data sensors. However, the proposed system's accuracy is directly proportional to the accuracy of dynamic data generated by the deployed WSN. A simplified outlier-detection algorithm is thus presented and integrated with the proposed DSS to fine-tune the collected data prior to processing. The complexity of the algorithm is O(1) for dynamic datasets generated by sensor nodes and O(n) for static datasets. Different issues in technology-assisted irrigation management and their solutions are also addressed. © 2013 IEEE.

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