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Cognitive sensors based on ridge phase-smoothing localization and multiregional histograms of oriented gradients

- Chen, Bo-Wei, Rho, Seungmin, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen, Fan, Wei-Kang

  • Authors: Chen, Bo-Wei , Rho, Seungmin , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen , Fan, Wei-Kang
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing Vol. 7, no. 1 (2019), p. 123-134
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  • Description: This study presents a smart cognitive sensor 'iRecorder' that can spontaneously locate speakers among attendees at a boardroom using ubiquitous arrays of audiovisual sensors. The proposed system 'iRecorder' consists of two major components - Sound localization and mouth tracking. For acoustic processing, this work proposes ridge phase-smoothing direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, which refines the distorted phase of a signal and robustly determines acoustic directions. During visual detection, this study develops novel Multiregional Histograms of Oriented Gradients (MHOGs) to model an uttering mouth. Unlike HOGs, the proposed feature is no longer limited to fixed-sized windows or blocks. It relies on facial regions. Finally, the system uses a fusion mechanism that integrates both clues from audiovisual sensors based on majority voting to target an actual speaker. The experimental result of DOA estimation showed that the directional errors were successfully improved by 6.6 degree on average. Concerning detection of talking faces, the accuracy reached as high as a rate of 85.19 percent. The fusion test results also supported the effectiveness of the system. Such findings reveal that the proposed system is superior to the other approaches and establishes its feasibility. © 2013 IEEE.

Process state synchronization-based application execution management for mobile edge/cloud computing

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Naveed, Anjum, Gani, Abdullah, Hamid, Siti, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Naveed, Anjum , Gani, Abdullah , Hamid, Siti , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 91, no. (2019), p. 579-589
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  • Description: Mobile cloud computing (MCC) and mobile edge computing (MEC) facilitate the mobile devices to augment their capabilities by utilizing the resources and services offered by Cloud and Edge Cloud, respectively. However, due to mobility, network connection becomes unstable that causes application execution disruption. Such disruption increases the execution time and in some cases restrain the mobile devices from getting execution results from the cloud. This research work analyzes the impact of user mobility on the execution of cloud-based mobile applications. We propose a Process State Synchronization (PSS)-based execution management to solve the aforementioned problem. We analytically compute a sufficient condition on synchronization interval that ensure reduction in mobile application execution time under PSS in case of disconnection. Similarly, we compute the upper bound on synchronization interval whereby a larger synchronization interval did not result in significant benefits in terms of execution time for the mobile application. The analytical results were confirmed by the sample implementation of PSS with the computed synchronization intervals. Moreover, we also compare the performance of proposed solution with the state-of-the-art solutions. The results show that the PSS-based execution outperforms the other contemporary solutions. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Implicit feedback-based group recommender system for internet of things applications

- Guo, Zhiwei, Yu, Keping, Guo, Tan, Bashir, Ali, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Guo, Zhiwei , Yu, Keping , Guo, Tan , Bashir, Ali , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020, Virtual Taipei, 7-11 December 2020 Vol. 2020-January
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  • Description: With the prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT)-based social media applications, the distance among people has been greatly shortened. As a result, recommender systems in IoT-based social media need to be developed oriented to groups of users rather than individual users. However, existing methods were highly dependent on explicit preference feedbacks, ignoring scenarios of implicit feedbacks. To remedy such gap, this paper proposes an implicit feedback-based group recommender system using probabilistic inference and non-cooperative game (GREPING) for IoT-based social media. Particularly, unknown process variables can be estimated from observable implicit feedbacks via Bayesian posterior probability inference. In addition, the globally optimal recommendation results can be calculated with the aid of non-cooperative game. Two groups of experiments are conducted to assess the GREPING from two aspects: efficiency and robustness. Experimental results show obvious promotion and considerable stability of the GREPING compared to baseline methods. © 2020 IEEE.

A blockchain model for fair data sharing in deregulated smart grids

- Samuel, Omaji, Javaid, Nadeem, Awais, Muhammad, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Samuel, Omaji , Javaid, Nadeem , Awais, Muhammad , Ahmed, Zeeshan , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2019, Waikoloa 9-13 December 2019
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  • Description: The emergence of smart home appliances has generated a high volume of data on smart meters belonging to different customers. However, customers can not share their data in deregulated smart grids due to privacy concern. Although, these data are important for the service provider in order to provide an efficient service. To encourage the customers' participation, this paper proposes an access control mechanism by fairly compensating customers for their participation in data sharing via blockchain using the concept of differential privacy. We addressed the computational issues of existing ethereum blockchain by proposing a proof of authority consensus protocol through the Pagerank mechanism in order to derive the reputation scores. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed model to minimize privacy risk, and maximize aggregator's profit. In addition, gas consumption, as well as the cost of the computational resources, is reduced. © 2019 IEEE.

Internet-of-things-based smart environments : state of the art, taxonomy, and open research challenges

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Wireless Communications Vol. 23, no. 5 (2016), p. 10-16
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  • Description: The rapid advancements in communication technologies and the explosive growth of the Internet of Things have enabled the physical world to invisibly interweave with actuators, sensors, and other computational elements while maintaining continuous network connectivity. The continuously connected physical world with computational elements forms a smart environment. A smart environment aims to support and enhance the abilities of its dwellers in executing their tasks, such as navigating through unfamiliar space and moving heavy objects for the elderly, to name a few. Researchers have conducted a number of efforts to use IoT to facilitate our lives and to investigate the effect of IoT-based smart environments on human life. This article surveys the state-of-the-art research efforts to enable IoT-based smart environments. We categorize and classify the literature by devising a taxonomy based on communication enablers, network types, technologies, local area wireless standards, objectives, and characteristics. Moreover, the article highlights the unprecedented opportunities brought about by IoT-based smart environments and their effect on human life. Some reported case studies from different enterprises are also presented. Finally, we discuss open research challenges for enabling IoT-based smart environments. © 2016 IEEE.

Region based cooperative routing in underwater wireless sensor networks

- Javaid, Nadeem, Hussain, Sheraz, Ahmad, Ashfaq, Imran, Muhammad, Khan, Abid, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Javaid, Nadeem , Hussain, Sheraz , Ahmad, Ashfaq , Imran, Muhammad , Khan, Abid , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Network and Computer Applications Vol. 92, no. (2017), p. 31-41
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  • Description: Cooperative routing is an appealing challenge in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In this paper, we propose a region based cooperative routing protocol (RBCRP) for amplify and forward (AF) technique over Rayleigh faded channels in UWSNs. The source node sends the sensed signal to the destination and available relay nodes. At the destination node, bit error rate (BER) is checked on the basis of which, either positive or negative acknowledgement (ACK or NACK) is sent to the source and relay nodes. We also use mobile sinks (MSs) and energy harvesting techniques to further prolong the network lifetime and maximize the throughput. Our derived mathematical equations for the SNR gain and outage probability are verified by simulations. Results show that RBCRP performs better than the existing incremental best relay technique (IBRT) in terms of throughput, network lifetime and outage probability. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Social-aware resource allocation and optimization for D2D communication

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Wireless Communications Vol. 24, no. 3 (2017), p. 122-129
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  • Description: The undiminished growth of research activities to converge social awareness with D2D communication has paved the way for facilitating and providing significant benefits to users. Realizing these benefits depends on efficiently addressing several main technical challenges associated with the convergence. Although there are many research studies related to social networks and D2D communication, convergence of these two areas leads to further research efforts to implement social-aware D2D communication. In this article, we discuss recent advances in the domain of D2D communication from the perspective of social-aware resource allocation and optimization. We also categorize and classify the literature by devising a taxonomy based on channel-centric attributes, objectives, solving approaches, networking technologies, characteristics, and communication types. Moreover, we also outline the key requirements with the aim of providing guidelines for the domain researchers and designers to enable the social-aware resource allocation for D2D communication. Several open research challenges are presented as future research directions. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

Fog-assisted congestion avoidance scheme for internet of vehicles

- Yaqoob, Shumayla, Ullah, Ata, Akbar, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Yaqoob, Shumayla , Ullah, Ata , Akbar, Muhammad , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2018 p. 618-622
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  • Description: Recently, Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is getting growing interest because of their suitability for a wide range of emerging applications. Most of these applications require vehicles to continuously update their information to a centralized location in order to gain various services. However, frequent transmission of messages by an abundance number of vehicles may not only overwhelm a centralized server but also causes a huge congestion which might disrupt various services including emergency situations. The aim of this research is to minimize congestion and messaging delay. This paper presents a fog-assisted congestion avoidance scheme for IoV named Energy Efficient Message Dissemination (E2MD). To capitalize the merits of fog computing and minimize latency, E2MD opts a distributed approach by employing a fog server to complement services in IoVs. In E2MD, vehicles continuously update their status to a fog server either directly or through intermediate nodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated through NS 2.35 simulations. Simulation results confirm the performance supremacy of E2MD compared to contemporary schemes in terms of end-to-end delay and messaging cost. © 2018 IEEE.

Q-Learning for energy balancing and avoiding the void hole routing protocol in underwater sensor networks

- Javaid, Nadeem, Karim, Obaida, Sher, Arshad, Imran, Muhammad, Yasar, Ansar, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Javaid, Nadeem , Karim, Obaida , Sher, Arshad , Imran, Muhammad , Yasar, Ansar , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2018 p. 702-706
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  • Description: In energy constraint networks, the utilization of limited node battery is very crucial to enhance the network lifespan. The imbalanced node battery dissipation greatly effects the performance of the network. In this paper, we propose QLearning based energy-efficient and balanced data gathering routing protocol (QL-EEBDG). The effectiveness of a forwarder node is computed based on; residual energy of the source node and group energies of the neighbour nodes. The consideration of energy parameters provides complete control on the forwarder node selection and ensures efficient energy consumptions in the network. Still, due to topology changes, void node occurs which is avoided through adjacent node technique (QL-EEBDG-ADN). This scheme finds an alternate route via neighbor nodes to provide continuous communication among the network nodes. Simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of proposed schemes against existing scheme based on energy tax, network lifetime. © 2018 IEEE.

A blockchain-based privacy-preserving mechanism with aggregator as common communication point

- Yahaya, Adamu, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Rabiya, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Yahaya, Adamu , Javaid, Nadeem , Khalid, Rabiya , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2020, Dublin, Ireland, 7 to 11 June, IEEE International Conference on Communications Vol. 2020-June
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  • Description: The high penetration of renewable energy resources into the distributed system and their intermittent behavior of the non-dispatchable generation causes issues of demand supply mismatch and serious security and privacy concerned in the system. It is believed that incorporating blockchain will reduce costs, enhance data security, and improve the system efficiency. However, privacy issues are not completely eliminated and can hinder the wide applications of blockchain. In the study, we present a Reputation Based Starvation Free Energy Allocation Policy (Reputation-SFEAP) in a decentralized and distributed blockchain-based energy trading; while keeping Aggregator as Common Communication Point. In addition, Identity-Based encryption (ID-Based encryption) technique is added that improves transactional information privacy. According to the research analysis, it is observed that the proposed system model has optimal and fair energy allocation algorithms, which prevent all the energy users from energy starvation and share the available energy accordingly. Moreover, the incorporated encryption system has greater security-privacy level, which protects passive attacker and disguises attacker from penetration. © 2020 IEEE.

M2M communications in 5G : state-of-the-art architecture, recent advances, and research challenges

- Mehmood, Yasir, Haider, Noman, Imran, Muhammad, Timm-Giel, Andreas, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Mehmood, Yasir , Haider, Noman , Imran, Muhammad , Timm-Giel, Andreas , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 55, no. 9 (2017), p. 194-201
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  • Description: M2M communication offers ubiquitous applications and is one of the leading facilitators of the Internet of Things paradigm. Unlike human-tohuman communication, distinct features of M2M traffic necessitates specialized and interoperable communication technologies. However, most existing solutions offering wired or wireless connectivity have limitations that hinder widespread horizons of M2M applications. To cope with the peculiar nature of M2M traffic, the evolving 5G system considers the integration of key enabling networking technologies for ubiquitous connectivity and guaranteed QoS. This study outlines the state-of-the-art architecture, recent advances, and open research challenges in communication technologies for M2M. Also, an overview of considerable architectural enhancements and novel techniques expected in 5G networks is presented, followed by the resultant services and benefits for M2M communications. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

Modeling induction and routing to monitor hospitalized patients in multi-hop mobility-aware body area sensor networks

- Javaid, Nadeem, Ahmad, Ashfaq, Tauqir, Anum, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen, Khan, Zahoor, Qasim, Umar

  • Authors: Javaid, Nadeem , Ahmad, Ashfaq , Tauqir, Anum , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen , Khan, Zahoor , Qasim, Umar
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Vol. 2016, no. 1 (2016), p.
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  • Description: In wireless body area sensor networks (WBASNs), energy efficiency is an area of extreme significance. At first, we present a mathematical model for a non-invasive inductive link which is used to recharge the battery of an implanted biomedical device (pacemaker). Afterwards, we propose a distance-aware relaying energy-efficient (DARE) and mutual information-based DARE (MI-DARE) routing protocols for multihop mobility-aware body area sensor networks (MM-BASNs). Both the routing protocols and the non-invasive inductive link model are tested with the consideration of eight patients in a hospital unit under different topologies, where the vital signs of each patient are monitored through seven on-body sensors and an implanted pacemaker. To reduce energy consumption of the network, the sensors communicate with a sink via an on-body relay which is fixed on the chest of each patient. The behavior (static/mobile) and position of the sink are changed in each topology, and the impact of mobility due to postural changes of the patient(s) arms, legs, and head is also investigated. The MI-DARE protocol further prolongs the network lifetime by minimizing the number of transmissions. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques outperform contemporary schemes in terms of the selected performance metrics. © 2016, Javaid et al.

Internet of things architecture : recent advances, taxonomy, requirements, and open challenges

- Yaqoob, Ibrar, Ahmed, Ejaz, Hashem, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Abdelmuttlib, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Yaqoob, Ibrar , Ahmed, Ejaz , Hashem, Ibrahim , Ahmed, Abdelmuttlib , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Wireless Communications Vol. 24, no. 3 (2017), p. 10-16
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  • Description: Recent years have witnessed tremendous growth in the number of smart devices, wireless technologies, and sensors. In the foreseeable future, it is expected that trillions of devices will be connected to the Internet. Thus, to accommodate such a voluminous number of devices, scalable, flexible, interoperable, energy-efficient, and secure network architectures are required. This article aims to explore IoT architectures. In this context, first, we investigate, highlight, and report premier research advances made in IoT architecture recently. Then we categorize and classify IoT architectures and devise a taxonomy based on important parameters such as applications, enabling technologies, business objectives, architectural requirements, network topologies, and IoT platform architecture types. We identify and outline the key requirements for future IoT architecture. A few prominent case studies on IoT are discovered and presented. Finally, we enumerate and outline future research challenges. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

Sink mobility aware energy-efficient network integrated super heterogeneous protocol for WSNs

- Akbar, Mariam, Javaid, Nadeem, Imran, Muhammad, Amjad, Naeem, Khan, Majid, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Akbar, Mariam , Javaid, Nadeem , Imran, Muhammad , Amjad, Naeem , Khan, Majid , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Vol. 2016, no. 1 (2016), p. 1-19
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  • Description: In this paper, we propose Balanced Energy-Efficient Network Integrated Super Heterogeneous (BEENISH), improved BEENISH (iBEENISH), Mobile BEENISH (MBEENISH), and improved Mobile BEENISH (iMBEENISH) protocols for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). BEENISH considers four energy levels of nodes and selects cluster heads (CHs) on the base of residual energy levels of nodes and average energy level of the network, whereas iBEENISH dynamically varies the CHs selection probability in an efficient manner leading to increased network lifetime. We also present a mathematical sink mobility model and validate this model by implementing it in BEENISH (resulting in MBEENISH) and iBEENISH (resulting in iMBEENISH). Finally, simulation results show that BEENISH, MBEENISH, iBEENISH, and iMBEENISH protocols outperform contemporary protocols in terms of stability period, network lifetime, and throughput. © 2016, Akbar et al.
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