Description:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the public's beliefs, attitudes and knowledge regarding rockfalls, and to see whether these variables could predict whether a person is likely to enter high-risk rockfall areas. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was developed to measure beliefs (informed by the health belief model), knowledge, and previous behaviour in relation to rockfalls. Questions were also included to measure attitudes regarding rockfall caution signs. In total, 138 members of the general public completed the questionnaire. Findings – High-risk behaviour was more likely if the person was male and if the person had the belief that sign-posted high-risk areas were not dangerous. Further, believing that the sign-posted areas were not dangerous was more likely among people who held negative attitudes towards cautionary signs; specifically, these participants were more likely to doubt the validity of the warning signs. Research limitations/implications – The research was exploratory in nature. Further research should be conducted with a larger sample size and a more random selection of the general population. Ways of improving measurement of the variables are discussed. Practical implications – Efforts should be made to increase the public's perception of the validity of rockfall cautionary signs. Doing so may decrease injury and death as a result of rockfalls. Suggestions on ways to increase the validity of signage are made. Originality/value – It is presumed that this study is the first to attempt to gain an understanding of the beliefs and attitudes that may lead a person into engaging in high-risk behaviour in relation to rockfalls.
Description:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the public's beliefs, attitudes and knowledge regarding rockfalls, and to see whether these variables could predict whether a person is likely to enter high-risk rockfall areas. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was developed to measure beliefs (informed by the health belief model), knowledge, and previous behaviour in relation to rockfalls. Questions were also included to measure attitudes regarding rockfall caution signs. In total, 138 members of the general public completed the questionnaire. Findings – High-risk behaviour was more likely if the person was male and if the person had the belief that sign-posted high-risk areas were not dangerous. Further, believing that the sign-posted areas were not dangerous was more likely among people who held negative attitudes towards cautionary signs; specifically, these participants were more likely to doubt the validity of the warning signs. Research limitations/implications – The research was exploratory in nature. Further research should be conducted with a larger sample size and a more random selection of the general population. Ways of improving measurement of the variables are discussed. Practical implications – Efforts should be made to increase the public's perception of the validity of rockfall cautionary signs. Doing so may decrease injury and death as a result of rockfalls. Suggestions on ways to increase the validity of signage are made. Originality/value – It is presumed that this study is the first to attempt to gain an understanding of the beliefs and attitudes that may lead a person into engaging in high-risk behaviour in relation to rockfalls.
Description:
The explosive growth of geospatial data has stimulated the development of many standards aimed at decreasing data heterogeneity and enhancing data use. Well-established design methods for geospatial data standards typically involve the creation of two schemas for data structure, designated here as logical and physical, but this can lead to conceptual inconsistencies and modelling inefficiencies. In this paper we describe a design method that overcomes these issues by incorporating an additional schema – the conceptual schema – and demonstrate its application to the design of GroundWaterML2 (GWML2), a new international standard for groundwater data. Results include not only a new data standard, robustly constructed and tested, but also an enhanced method for geospatial data standard design.
Description:
The explosive growth of geospatial data has stimulated the development of many standards aimed at decreasing data heterogeneity and enhancing data use. Well-established design methods for geospatial data standards typically involve the creation of two schemas for data structure, designated here as logical and physical, but this can lead to conceptual inconsistencies and modelling inefficiencies. In this paper we describe a design method that overcomes these issues by incorporating an additional schema – the conceptual schema – and demonstrate its application to the design of GroundWaterML2 (GWML2), a new international standard for groundwater data. Results include not only a new data standard, robustly constructed and tested, but also an enhanced method for geospatial data standard design.
Description:
Visualising Victoria’s Groundwater (VVG) is an interoperative web-GIS maintained by Federation University Australia that federates groundwater data from disparate sources to assist groundwater researchers and help water managers make the correct choices for the sustainable use of a precious resource. The Visualising Victoria's Groundwater web-portal currently displays data for all of Victoria from the following sources: • Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) • Water Measurement Information System (WMIS) - formerly GMS • Victorian Aquifer Framework (VAF) • Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (EcoDev) • Seamless Geology • Geological Exploration and Development Information System (GEDIS) • Salinity bore database from Future Farming Systems Research (FFSR) • Federation University Australia (FedUni) • Groundwater research bores and other bores not recorded elsewhere (UB Spatial/FedUni Spatial) • Victorian Mineral Water Committee (VMWC) • Victorian Mineral Springs database (VMSD) • Environmental Protection Authority Victoria (EPA) • Certificates and statements of environmental audit (EPA audit reports) • Groundwater quality restricted use zones (GQRUZs) in Victoria • Priority Sites Register (PSR) for Victoria The quality of the bore data varies greatly. Note that bore records may be duplicated in the databases or between the databases, the locations may be wrong, data may be missing and sometimes data may be wrong. For this reason, the emphasis in the data collection has been to refer each record to its original source and link to the original source material where available. Over time it is proposed to edit each individual bore in the database to verify and clean the data where possible. As a general rule, bores in the State Observation Bore network (SOBN) within the WMIS, groundwater research bores managed by the University and the Mineral Springs have the most complete and accurate data. Key features of the VVG portal are:
Description:
The Corangamite region in south-eastern Australia contains a large number of lakes and wetlands within an extensive, basaltic plain. To assess the impact of land-use change and groundwater pumping on wetland ecosystems, there is a need to develop a better understanding of their hydrology. This paper describes an approach using groundwater and surface water chemistry and stable isotopes to determine the extent that they are surface or groundwater dominant, and whether they are through-flow or terminal in nature. The ionic ratio HCO3-/Cl- is higher in surface waters than groundwater, and lakes plot on a continuum between these two water types. Deuterium “excess” (
Description:
The importance of transience in the management of hydrogeologic systems is often uncertain. We propose a clear framework for determining the likely importance of transient behavior in groundwater systems in a management context. The framework incorporates information about aquifer hydraulics, hydrological drivers, and time scale of management. It is widely recognized that aquifers respond on different timescales to hydrological change and that hydrological drivers themselves, such as climate, are not stationary in time. We propose that in order to assess whether transient behavior is likely to be of practical importance, three factors need to be examined simultaneously: (1) aquifer response time, which can be expressed in terms of the response to a step hydrological change (τstep) or periodic change (τcycle); (2) temporal variation of the dominant hydrological drivers, such as dominant climatic systems in a region; (3) the management timescale and spatial scale of interest. Graphical tools have been developed to examine these factors in conjunction, and assess how important transient behavior is likely to be in response to particular hydrological drivers, and thus which drivers are most likely to induce transience in a specified management timeframe. The method is demonstrated using two case studies; a local system that responds rapidly and is managed on yearly to decadal timeframes and a regional system that exhibits highly delayed responses and was until recently being assessed as a high level nuclear waste repository site. Any practical groundwater resource problem can easily be examined using the proposed framework.
Description:
The importance of transience in the management of hydrogeologic systems is often uncertain. We propose a clear framework for determining the likely importance of transient behavior in groundwater systems in a management context. The framework incorporates information about aquifer hydraulics, hydrological drivers, and time scale of management. It is widely recognized that aquifers respond on different timescales to hydrological change and that hydrological drivers themselves, such as climate, are not stationary in time. We propose that in order to assess whether transient behavior is likely to be of practical importance, three factors need to be examined simultaneously: (1) aquifer response time, which can be expressed in terms of the response to a step hydrological change (
Description:
The Lake Connewarre Complex is an internationally protected wetland in southeast Australia, undergoing increasing environmental change due to urbanisation. Stable isotopes of water (
Description:
The FedUni Spatial groundwater bore database is part of an interoperable web-GIS maintained by the University of Ballarat. It records data on groundwater research and monitoring bores that are either owned, maintained or monitored by the University for groundwater research projects. The UB Spatial website was initially developed with funding support from the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority and contained four environmental datasets: groundwater bores, salinity, erosion and landslides, covering the Corangamite region. The FedUni Spatial groundwater bore database contains information on bore location, bore ownership, bore construction details, aquifer parameters, groundwater level monitoring, groundwater chemistry and isotopes, bore lithology and stratigraphy. It includes links to images, documents, datafiles and weblinks that are relevant to individual bore records. The UB spatial groundwater bore database is also used to clean and enhance data, most of which is then revised in the Victorian Groundwater Management System owned and managed by the Department of Sustainability and Environment. The UB Spatial groundwater bore data is also included in the Visualising Victoria's Groundwater web-portal www.vvg.org.au
Description:
The UB Spatial groundwater bore database is part of an interoperable web-GIS maintained by the University of Ballarat. It records data on groundwater research and monitoring bores that are either owned, maintained or monitored by the University for groundwater research projects. The UB Spatial website was initially developed with funding support from the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority and contained four environmental datasets: groundwater bores, salinity, erosion and landslides, covering the Corangamite region. The UB Spatial groundwater bore database contains information on bore location, bore ownership, bore construction details, aquifer parameters, groundwater level monitoring, groundwater chemistry and isotopes, bore lithology and stratigraphy. It includes links to images, documents, datafiles and weblinks that are relevant to individual bore records. The UB spatial groundwater bore database is also used to clean and enhance data, most of which is then revised in the Victorian Groundwater Management System owned and managed by the Department of Sustainability and Environment. The UB Spatial groundwater bore data is also included in the Visualising Victoria's Groundwater web-portal www.vvg.org.au
Description:
The Australian Geomechanics Society's (AGS) guidelines on Landslide Risk Management emphasise landslide zonation as a key requirement for regulators dealing with landslide risk (AGS 2007a). The basis for zonation is a landslide inventory which reflects the nature and spatial distribution of landslide types in a particular locale, such as a local government area. This paper describes the design and implementation of a web-based landslide database for south west Victoria aimed at disseminating landslide inventory information to regulators. consultants and the general public. Although the 4,581 mapped landslides represent the most complete and extensive data set for the region, the current data quality and resolution does not meet the AGS guideline for landslide zonation at the municipal planning scale. However, with an essential need for landslide planning controls in this region, the data is the best available for the construction of zonat ion maps, resulting in conservative boundaries at the required map scale. The paper highlights the ongoing need to improve the spatial extent and quality of the landslide database if the statutory planning zonation maps are ultimately to comply with the AGS guidelines.
Description:
DSM is a collaborative workspace for researchers working on digital soil mapping in Australia. This workspace is the initiative of the Advisory Group on Digital Soil Assessment, a working group of the National Committee on Soil & Terrain. The website is part of an interoperable web-GIS maintained by the Centre for eResearch and Digital Innovation (CeRDI) at Federation University Australia (FedUni). The International Union of Soil Sciences Digital Soil Mapping Working Group defines DSM as "creation and the population of a geographically referenced soil database, generated at a given resolution by using field and laboratory observation methods coupled with environmental data through quantitative relationships." Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) utilises numerical methods and information technologies to produce predictive maps of soil types and their properties. DSM relies on traditional field mapping, observations and laboratory analyses for soil data but also utilises spatial models of landscape terrain and remotely-sensed properties. Typically numerical methods such as interpolation algorithms and data mining are used to create the maps. OzDSM in collaboration with CeRDI is developing a digital soil mapping tool, and a demonstrator version is displayed on the site. A range of data is included, such as nutrient budgets and soil pH, and with extra data available for the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority region including landslides, erosion and salinity.