List of Titles

An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS Scales

- Gomez, Rapson, Cooper, Andrew, Gomez, Andre

Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Andre
Date: 2005
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 39, no. 6 (2005), p. 1093-1103
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Description: The Carver and White BIS/BAS Scales comprise a scale for measuring behavioural inhibition sensitivity and three scales for measuring the behavioural activation sensitivity factors of reward responsiveness, drive and fun seeking. Item response theory (IRT), using Samejima's (1969) graded response model, was used to examine the psychometric properties of these four scales. A total of 520 adult participants completed the BIS/BAS Scales. Although all items in all four scales were reasonably effective in discriminating their respective traits, they provided good measures of their respective latent traits from only moderately low to moderately high trait levels. Also, the category response curves for the first three of the four response options for the items in the reward responsiveness scale showed considerable overlap. These findings suggest some limitations in the psychometric qualities of the BIS/BAS Scale. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Description: C1
Description: 2003001244

Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory : Comparing the separable and joint subsystems. Hypotheses in the predictions of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information processing

- Gomez, Rapson, Cooper, Andrew, McOrmond, Rhonda, Tatlow, Sarah

Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , McOrmond, Rhonda , Tatlow, Sarah
Date: 2004
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 37, no. 2 (2004), p. 289-305
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Description: This study compared the applicability of the separable subsystems hypothesis and the joint subsystems hypothesis of Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) in understanding the processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli. In all 132 participants completed questionnaires covering trait impulsivity and anxiety, and reward expectancy and punishment expectancy. Following this, participants were tested individually on three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral information. One task involved processing the valence of words. The second involved free recall of these words, and the third task involved developing stories based on emotionally ambiguous statements. The findings were mixed, with the results for the word processing and free recall tasks being consistent with the separable subsystems hypothesis, and the results for the story completion task being consistent with the joint subsystems hypothesis. The implications of task characteristics in relation to the RST and cognitive processing of emotional information are discussed. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Description: C1
Description: 2003000962

Interoceptive accuracy in nonclinical panic

- Richards, Jeffrey, Cooper, Andrew, Winkelman, John

Authors: Richards, Jeffrey , Cooper, Andrew , Winkelman, John
Date: 2003
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Cognitive Therapy and Research Vol. 27, no. 4 (2003), p. 447-461
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Description: The psychological models of panic disorder predict that people with this anxiety disorder are able to accurately estimate changes in somatic sensations. This study investigated whether nonclinical panickers, at risk for developing panic disorder, demonstrate enhanced interoceptive ability for changes in sympathetic arousal. Twenty people with nonclinical panic and 36 nonpanic controls estimated changes in overall sympathetic arousal, as measured by pulse transit time. A greater proportion of the nonclinical panickers than nonpanic controls met criterion for accurate interoceptive ability. As a group, nonclinical panickers also demonstrated more accurate perception of sympathetic arousal but only when it changed in predictable ways. Anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety also appeared related to enhanced interoception, particularly in people who had experienced nonclinical panic. People who are at risk for the development of panic disorder may therefore demonstrate enhanced interoceptive ability for sympathetic arousal.
Description: C1
Description: 2003000504

Measuring the psychological consequences of breast cancer screening : A confirmatory factor analysis of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire

- Cooper, Andrew, Aucote, Helen

Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Aucote, Helen
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Quality of Life Research Vol. 18, no. 5 (2009), p. 597-604
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Description: Objectives: To use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the proposed factor structure of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ), a measure of the psychological impact of breast cancer screening. A further aim was to examine the robustness of the proposed factor structure across key demographic and clinical variables. Method: Following visits to breast cancer screening clinics, women who received a false-positive diagnosis and a matched sample of women who had received all-clear diagnoses were sent a questionnaire package containing the PCQ and a demographics measure. A total of 220 women returned completed questionnaires. CFA was used to test the factor structure and multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) models were used to test the robustness of the factor structure across the test result group, age, and family history of breast cancer diagnosis. Results: The CFA results suggested support for both a three- and a one-factor model; a one-factor model was preferred, however, due to the very high covariance between the three latent factors in the three-factor model. A CFA MIMIC model suggested that the test result impacted on the latent factor: women who initially received a false-positive diagnosis showed significantly higher levels of psychological dysfunction after screening. Conclusions: The PCQ appears to be a promising tool for assessing psychological dysfunction after breast cancer screening; however, a one-factor model received more support than the initially proposed three-factor model. There was little evidence of differential item functioning across key demographic and clinical variables for the PCQ. Â© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of negative and positive emotional information processing : Comparing Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories

- Gomez, Rapson, Gomez, Andre, Cooper, Andrew

Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , Cooper, Andrew
Date: 2002
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: European Journal of Personality Vol. 16, no. 5 (2002), p. 333-350
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Description: This study compared how extraversion, neuroticism, and extraversion × neuroticism are related to processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information as predicted by Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories. Initially, the participants' levels of extraversion (as measured by the sociability subscale) and neuroticism were assessed with Eysenck's Personality Inventory. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant, and also neutral information. The results showed that extraversion was associated positively with the processing of pleasant information, while neuroticism was associated positively with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings support predictions from Eysenck's theory. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description: 2003000179

Relationships between body fatness, small-screen sedentary activity and regionality among schoolchildren in Victoria, Australia

- Aucote, Helen, Cooper, Andrew

Authors: Aucote, Helen , Cooper, Andrew
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Australian Journal of Rural Health Vol. 17, no. 3 (2009), p. 141-146
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Description: Objective: To examine the difference in body fatness and engagement in small-screen activities across children living in different degrees of regionality, and to examine the relationship between child body fatness and small-screen activities. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Participants: Grade 5-6 schoolchildren (n = 393) from central and metropolitan Victoria, and a parent/guardian of each child (n = 393). Main outcome measures: Parents completed a questionnaire on their child's engagement in television (TV) viewing and video game playing (VGP). Children's weight and height were measured by a researcher. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was calculated and adjusted for age and sex. Regionality (metropolitan, population > 100000; regional, 100000 > population < 20000; and rural, population < 10000) and socioeconomic status (socioeconomic indexes for areas: index of disadvantage) were assigned according to school attended. Results: BMI did not differ across regionality or sex. Boys engaged in more VGP than girls, and metropolitan children engaged in more VGP than rural and regional children. TV viewing did not differ across sex or regionality. VGP did not predict BMI, and TV viewing did not predict girls' BMI. Three to four per cent of the variance in boys' BMI was predicted by TV viewing. Conclusions: Boys and metropolitan children engage in more VGP. Boys', but not girls', BMI is related to TV viewing. Interventions designed to decrease engagement in TV viewing should be targeting boys. Â© 2009 The Author Journal compilation Â© 2009 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.

The behavioural inhibition system and behavioural approach system (BIS/BAS) scales : Measurement and structural invariance across adults and adolescents

- Cooper, Andrew, Gomez, Rapson, Aucote, Helen

Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson , Aucote, Helen
Date: 2007
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 43, no. 2 (2007), p. 295-305
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Description: Confirmatory factor analytic procedures were used to examine the factor structure of Carver and White's BIS/BAS Scales, and also its invariance across adults and adolescents. This measure, developed originally for adult use, has four scales: one for the Behavioural Inhibition System, and three for the Behavioural Approach System. To accomplish the aims, 631 adults and 300 adolescents completed the measure. The findings provided good support for the 4-factor structure, and for between-group invariance for the measurement (configural and metric) and structural (factor variances and covariances) models. These results mean that data obtained on the BIS/BAS Scales from early adolescents are directly comparable to scores from adults. © 2006 Elsevier.
Description: C1
Description: 2003005420

The Development of a short form of the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward questionnaire

- Cooper, Andrew, Gomez, Rapson

Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson
Date: 2008
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Individual Differences Vol. 29, no. 2 (2008), p. 90-104
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Description: The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) has been proposed as a measure of the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Previous research with the SPSRQ has highlighted potential problems with the factor structure of the measure and individual item properties. The aim of the current studies was to use factor analytic and item response theory (IRT) methods to examine the psychometric properties of the SPSRQ. A further aim was to develop a short version of the SPSRQ. In Study 1, 393 adult participants completed the SPSRQ. The results from this study highlighted problems with the factor structure and item properties that had been noted in previous research. On this basis, a short form of the measure was proposed. In Study 2, the short form of the SPSRQ was tested with an independent sample (N = 327). These analyses suggested the short form of the SPSRQ had an improved factor structure, good item properties, and acceptable reliability.

The relationships between the BIS and BAS, anger and responses to anger

- Cooper, Andrew, Gomez, Rapson, Buck, Emily

Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson , Buck, Emily
Date: 2008
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 44, no. 2 (2008), p. 403-413
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Description: The aim of the current study was to examine the relations of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) with anger and other responses in situations depicting anger provocation. In all, 36 male and 64 female pharmacy workers completed the BIS/BAS Scales, the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI), and the Anger Response Inventory (ARI). The BIS/BAS Scales have one scale for the BIS, and three subscales for the BAS (Reward Responsiveness, Drive, and Fun-Seeking). The ARI contains 23 anger scenarios. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in that scenario and then indicate how angry they would feel and how they would respond in that situation. It was found that the BIS and BAS-Drive related to STAXI trait anger, with the BIS relating to expressing anger inwardly and BAS-Drive negatively relating to the control of angry feelings. With the ARI scenarios, both BIS and BAS-Drive predicted Anger Arousal. When controlling for Anger Arousal, BAS-Fun Seeking significantly predicted aggressive responses to the anger scenarios, while BIS significantly predicted anger responses directed inwardly. The results are discussed in light of the relations between the BIS and BAS and anger. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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