Description:
Energy efficiency is a key factor in the next generation wireless communication systems. Sleep mode implementation in multi-tier 5G networks has proven to be a very good approach for improving the energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning based decision making algorithm to implement sleep mode in the base stations (BSs) used in multi-tier 5G networks. We propose a Markovian Decision process (MDP) based algorithm to switch between three different power consumption modes of a BS for improving the energy efficiency of the 5G network. The MDP based approach intelligently switches between the states of the BS based on the offered traffic whilst maintaining a prescribed minimum channel rate per user. Our results show that there is a significant gain in the energy efficiency when using our proposed MDP algorithm together with the three-state BSs. We have also shown the energy-delay tradeoff in order to design a delay aware network.
Description:
Energy efficiency is a key factor in the next generation wireless communication systems. Sleep mode implementation in multi-tier 5G networks has proven to be a very good approach for improving the energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning based decision making algorithm to implement sleep mode in the base stations (BSs) used in multi-tier 5G networks. We propose a Markovian Decision process (MDP) based algorithm to switch between three different power consumption modes of a BS for improving the energy efficiency of the 5G network. The MDP based approach intelligently switches between the states of the BS based on the offered traffic whilst maintaining a prescribed minimum channel rate per user. Our results show that there is a significant gain in the energy efficiency when using our proposed MDP algorithm together with the three-state BSs. We have also shown the energy-delay tradeoff in order to design a delay aware network.
Description:
Student motivations are affected by many factors that are classified as intrinsic or/and extrinsic. This will influence students' engagement and consequently impacting their performance. To build a better judgment on the factors that affect student motivation, a comprehensive study should be applied in order to identify all factors and their drivers and how they influence student's motivation. Some of these factors have negative impact on motivation, while other have positive impact. In this paper, a multifactor based motivation has been assessed to distinguish the positive from negative factors. Then controlling student's motivation to enhance student engagement can be done through controlling these factors. The negative factors would be minimized or eliminated, and the positive factors will be encouraged and improved. Teaching institutions, universities and teachers play essential role in controlling these factors toward better motivation. A recommendation has been given to control the motivation factors that would lead to better student's engagement and performance.
Description:
Optimizing broadcasting process in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is considered as a main challenge due to many problems, such as Broadcast Storm problem and high complexity in finding the optimal tree resulting in an NP-hard problem. Straight forward techniques like simple flooding give rise to Broadcast Storm problem with a high probability. In this work, genetic algorithm (GA) that searches over a population that represents a distinguishable ‘structure’ is adopted innovatively to suit MANETs. The novelty of the GA technique adopted here to provide the means to tackle this MANET problem lies mainly on the proposed method of searching for a structure of a suitable spanning tree that can be optimized, in order to meet the performance indices related to the broadcasting problem. In other words, the proposed genetic model (GM) evolves with the structure of random trees (individuals) ‘genetically’ generated using rules that are devised specifically to capture MANET behaviour in order to arrive at a minimal spanning tree that satisfies certain fitness function. Also, the model has the ability to give different solutions depending on the main factors specified such as, ‘time’ (or speed) in certain situations and ‘reachability’ in certain others.
Description:
This paper investigates the application of the Six Sigma approach to improve quality in electronic services (e-services) as more countries are adopting e-services as a means of providing services to their people through the Web. This paper presents a case study about the use of Six Sigma model to measure customer satisfaction and quality levels achieved in e-services that were recently launched by public sector organisations in a developing country, such as Jordan. An empirical study consisting of 280 customers of Jordan's e-services is conducted and problems are identified through the DMAIC phases of Six Sigma. The service quality levels are measured and analysed using six main criteria: Website Design, Reliability, Responsiveness, Personalization, Information Quality, and System Quality. The study indicates a 74% customer satisfaction with a Six Sigma level of 2.12 has enabled the Greater Amman Municipality to identify the usability issues associated with their e-services offered by public sector organisations. The aim of the paper is not only to implement Six Sigma as a measurement-based strategy for improving e-customer service in a newly launched e-service programme, but also widen its scope in investigating other service dimensions and perform comparative studies in other developing countries.
Description:
Automotive industry has increased exponentially in recent years, and the number of car drivers has increased in the street as well, that lead to the increasing demand for using fuel stations. The increasing demand causes an increase of theft cases in the fuel stations particularly customers filling their cars and not paying for it. Although, there are several anti-petrol theft initiatives which include the use of Closed-Circuit Television Cameras (CCTV) to recognize vehicle number plates or people's faces. However, the record shows that existing methods for detecting petrol theft are less ineffective and time-consuming as it has been delayed in detecting the offenders and it is not a good measure to deter offenders as it is weak to be precise on evidence/mapping features. In this paper, Media Access Control (MAC) address detection of mobile devices used for preventing the petrol theft. Mac addresses are extracted from the customer mobile devices to develop a framework that can prevent and detect petrol theft. Also, car plate number is captured as well to develop this framework.
A critical review of intrusion detection systems in the internet of things : techniques, deployment strategy, validation strategy, attacks, public datasets and challenges
Description:
The advance in technologies helped in providing efficient system that connect people worldwide such as the use of internet. At the same time cyber attackers exploited the vulnerabilities existed in these technologies to conduct large variety of attack activities against the information and systems. Researchers and solution's providers implemented different countermeasure mechanisms to protect the system against attacks and saved the discovered type of attack in attack database for future analysis and decision. Intrusion Detection (ID) system is an example for protecting the system against attacks by monitoring the network activities and updating the attack database for future analysis and protection decision. In addition to IDs, firewall, intrusion prevention, encryption, authorization and authentication are used to protect the system. Furthermore, a supplementary configurations honeypot systems can be used to strengthen the system security.
Description:
The advance in technologies helped in providing efficient system that connect people worldwide such as the use of internet. At the same time cyber attackers exploited the vulnerabilities existed in these technologies to conduct large variety of attack activities against the information and systems. Researchers and solution's providers implemented different countermeasure mechanisms to protect the system against at-tacks and saved the discovered type of attack in attack database for future analysis and decision. Intrusion Detection (ID) system is an example for protecting the system against attacks by monitoring the network activities and updating the attack data-base for future analysis and protection decision. In addition to IDs, firewall, intrusion prevention, encryption, authorization and authentication are used to protect the sys-tem. Furthermore, a supplementary configurations honeypot systems can be used to strengthen the system security.
Description:
This paper examines the value of real-time traffic information gathered through Geographic Information Systems for achieving an optimal vehicle routing within a dynamically stochastic transportation network. We present a systematic approach in determining the dynamically varying parameters and implementation attributes that were used for the development of a Web-based transportation routing application integrated with real-time GIS services. We propose and implement an optimal routing algorithm by modifying Dijkstra’s algorithm in order to incorporate stochastically changing traffic flows. We describe the significant features of our Web application in making use of the real-time dynamic traffic flow information from GIS services towards achieving total costs savings and vehicle usage reduction. These features help users and vehicle drivers in improving their service levels and productivity as the Web application enables them to interactively find the optimal path and in identifying destinations effectively.
Description:
Information technology and high-tech systems used daily in hospitals increase the demand for measuring information security threats in the healthcare industry. The impact of complexity of using new healthcare information and communications technology (ICT) devices places more pressure on the healthcare community to perceive different information systems (IS) security threats as they involve different IS management models. This research study focused on measuring the healthcare community perceptions and on the following issues to include definition of information security perception of information security threats perception of information security management and perception of information security in the context of another healthcare community. To assess to plan, design and implement a national information security strategy for their healthcare sector. A survey was developed and interviewed 60 healthcare employees from three hospitals based in Dubai. The research results assist in creating awareness for easy access to hands-on guidelines for the healthcare community, thereby increasing the awareness levels of information security in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These results assist the UAE government to further adapt the training and education programs for the healthcare community to increase their effectiveness and efficiency levels of IT and subsequent IS development. A discussion of the current status of Dubai hospitals privacy, confidentiality and security challenge is presented.
Description:
Multi-tier heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) with dense deployment of small cells in 5G networks are expected to effectively meet the ever increasing data traffic demands and offer improved coverage in indoor environments. However, HetNets are raising major concerns to mobile network operators such as complex distributed control plane management, handover management issue, increases latency and increased energy expenditures. Sleep mode implementation in multi-tier 5G networks has proven to be a very good approach for reducing energy expenditures. In this paper, a Markov Decision Process (MDP)-based algorithm is proposed to switch between three different power consumption modes of a base station (BS) for improving the energy efficiency and reducing latency in 5G networks. The MDP-based approach intelligently switches between the states of the BS based on the offered traffic while maintaining a prescribed minimum channel rate per user. Simulation results show that the proposed MDP algorithm together with the three-state BSs results in a significant gain in terms of energy efficiency and latency.
Description:
Cybercriminals continue to target online users of banks. They are improving their techniques and using high levels of skill in their attacks. Their continued search for different methods to commit crime makes the existing protection system less effective. They have developed crime toolkits which have become more accessible and simpler to use, and this has attracted more cybercriminals to cybercrime. In this chapter, the authors study the methods that are used in crime toolkits. They present the development and current trend of crime toolkits and reveal the methods that have been used to commit cybercrime successfully.