Metal concentrations in rice and pulses of Samta Village, Bangladesh
- Authors: Alam, M. G. M. , Allinson, Graeme , Stagnitti, Frank , Tanaka, A. , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Vol. 69, no. 3 (2002), p. 323-329
- Full Text: false
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- Description: 2003000169
A review of analytical techniques and their application in disease diagnosis in breathomics and salivaomics research
- Authors: Beale, David , Jones, Oliver , Karpe, Avinash , Dayalan, Saravanan , Oh, Ding , Kouremenos, Konstantinos , Ahmed, Warish , Palombo, Enzo
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, no. 1 (2017), p. 1-26
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- Description: The application of metabolomics to biological samples has been a key focus in systems biology research, which is aimed at the development of rapid diagnostic methods and the creation of personalized medicine. More recently, there has been a strong focus towards this approach applied to non-invasively acquired samples, such as saliva and exhaled breath. The analysis of these biological samples, in conjunction with other sample types and traditional diagnostic tests, has resulted in faster and more reliable characterization of a range of health disorders and diseases. As the sampling process involved in collecting exhaled breath and saliva is non-intrusive as well as comparatively low-cost and uses a series of widely accepted methods, it provides researchers with easy access to the metabolites secreted by the human body. Owing to its accuracy and rapid nature, metabolomic analysis of saliva and breath (known as salivaomics and breathomics, respectively) is a rapidly growing field and has shown potential to be effective in detecting and diagnosing the early stages of numerous diseases and infections in preclinical studies. This review discusses the various collection and analyses methods currently applied in two of the least used non-invasive sample types in metabolomics, specifically their application in salivaomics and breathomics research. Some of the salient research completed in this field to date is also assessed and discussed in order to provide a basis to advocate their use and possible future scientific directions. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Proteomic identification of galectin-11 and 14 ligands from Haemonchus contortus
- Authors: Sakthivel, Dhanasekaran , Swan, Jaclyn , Preston, Sarah , Shakif-Azam, MD , Faou, Pierre , Jiao, Yaqing , Downs, Rachael , Rajapaksha, Harinda , Gasser, Robin , Piedrafita, David , Beddoe, Travis
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Peerj Vol. 6, no. 3 (2018), p. 1-19
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- Description: Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in H. contortus were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of H. contortus (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (two proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zinc metalloprotease (M13), which are known vaccine candidates, were identified as putative ligands of both LGALS-11 and LGALS- 14. The identification of glycoproteins of H. contortus by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 provide new insights into host-parasite interactions and the potential for developing new interventions.
Use of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) to identify fly ash mineral spatial and particulate distribution in epoxy polymer
- Authors: Ibraheem, Shahad , Devasahayam, Sheila , Standard, Owen , Bandyopadhyay, Sri
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mineral Processing Vol. 142, no. (2015), p. 139-146
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Fly ash from coal power stations consists typically of a series of oxide minerals. These minerals can have beneficial effects when used as reinforcement in a plastic matrix. In this work the advanced technique SIMS has been utilised to identify the spatial distribution of the various minerals in fly ash in an epoxy matrix with fly ash weights of 10% and 50%. It is observed that SIMS, which can scan normally to a precision of 0.5 to 0.05 wt.%, could positively identify the distribution of the fly ash mineral elements in the epoxy. Attempts were also made to identify the fly ash element distribution in the epoxy using a composition analysis method, namely, EDS. However, it is observed that in the present fly ash-epoxy composites, EDS could not identify the fly ash elements demonstrating SIMS is a much preferred identification technique than the popular EDS method. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Biomass bottom ash & dolomite similarly ameliorate an acidic low-nutrient soil, improve phytonutrition and growth, but increase Cd accumulation in radish
- Authors: Ondrasek, Gabrijel , Kranjčec, Filip , Filipović, Lana , Filipović, Vilim , Bubalo Kovačić, Marina , Badovinac, Ivana Jelovica , Peter, Robert , Petravić, Mladen , Macan, Jelena , Rengel, Zed
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Science of the total environment Vol. 753, no. (2021), p. 141902-141902
- Full Text: false
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- Description: One of negative side-effects of usage of bio-renewables might be generation of mineral (ash) material, potential source of environmental pollution. A hypothesis was that bottom ash (BA from biomass cogeneration facility) could be efficiently (re) used in soil chemical conditioning similarly to widely-used dolomite-based soil conditioner (DO from Croatian Dinaric-coastal region) which we tested by: i) physicochemical characterisation of BA and DO, and ii) bioassay with Raphanus sativus cultivated in acidic soil amended with BA or DO. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirmed complex chemical/physical structures and morphology between amendments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed their distinctive mineralogy with predominantly dolomite (in DO) vs. quartz and calcite (in BA), while secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) revealed their diverse elemental/isotopic composition. The BA or DO amendments ameliorated soil acidity, increased available P, K and most other nutrients, but not Cd. The BA or DO amendments improved vegetative growth and edible hypocotyl yield. However, both amendments also increased Cd accumulation in all radish tissues, which was unexpected given the alkaline matrix of bio-ash and dolomite that would be likely to facilitate retention and immobilisation of toxic Cd. Thus, thorough characterisation and evaluation of BA- and/or DO-based materials and relevant soils (with an emphasis on metal sorption/immobilisation) prior to application in (agro) ecosystems is crucial for producing food clean of toxic metals. [Display omitted] •Biomass bottom ash (BA) & dolomite (DO) are very alkaline (pHKCl = 10.2–11.2) matrices.•BA & DO ameliorated soil acidity quickly (by >1.5 pH units) & nutrient availability.•BA & DO improved radish vegetative growth & nutrition accumulation.•BA & DO increased Cd uptake and accumulation in all radish tissues.