Fine coal recovery utilizing landfill-derived liquids
- Authors: Hall, Stephen
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment Vol. 16, no. 1 (2002), p. 40-47
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Liquid effluents that arise in the landfilling of municipal solid wastes, both leachate and gas condensates, can replace some or all of the conventional coal flotation reagents. The waste management industry currently must treat these effluents, to destroy contained organics, prior to their discharge to the environment and hence they are available at no cost, or even with "dollars attached". These landfill-derived liquids contain valuable short-chain fatty acids (e.g. valeric and caproic acids) that act as both frother and collector in flotation processes. They can be further concentrated by membrane filtration to reduce the transport costs of such liquids and the ease of their use in coal recovery systems. This paper will discuss how these liquids are formed in landfills, their typical compositions and how they can be employed to recover fine coal. Data from both conventional flotation feeds (-0.5 mm) and column flotation feeds (-0.1 mm) is presented.
- Description: 2003000130
The use of short chain volatile fatty acids in fine coal preparation
- Authors: Denby, B. , Elverson, C. , Hall, Stephen
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Fuel Vol. 81, no. 5 (2002), p. 595-603
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Froth flotation and selective agglomeration are two techniques, which can be employed for the recovery of fine coals. Short chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) contained in landfill-derived liquids are similar in structure to many of the organic chemicals employed in both processes. The results from laboratory investigations, based on flotation and selective agglomeration techniques, have demonstrated that VFAs can substitute for some, or all, of the commercial reagents currently used. The results of these investigations, using VFAs and landfill gas condensates, are presented, along with discussion of their potential application to fine coal recovery. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: 2003000131
Spray drying and encapsulation of omega-3 oils
- Authors: Barrow, Colin , Wang, Bo , Liu, Huihua , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Food enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids p. 194-225
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Sago haemolytic disease : Towards understanding a novel food-borne toxicosis
- Authors: Shipton, Warren , Greenhill, Andrew , Warner, Jeffrey
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Papua and New Guinea medical journal Vol. 56, no. 3-4 (2013), p. 166-177
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Sago haemolytic disease is a rare but sometimes fatal disease found primarily in the coastal regions of Papua New Guinea and among groups in which sago is a primary source of carbohydrate. It has been known since 1961 and fungi consistently have been suspected of being involved. Investigations carried out on stored sago and samples recovered from poisoning episodes have failed to indicate the consistent presence of mycotoxins. However, fungi (especially Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma) with strong haemolytic activity have been associated with sago, particularly when stored in open-weave baskets and sago-leaf-wrapped bundles. The haemolytic activity has been attributed to fatty acids (principally oleic, palmitic, linoleic) contained primarily in the fungal hyphae. It is hypothesized that when these acids are released through hyphal breakdown during digestion and are present in individuals with a low serum albumin level, free fatty acid excess occurs resulting in red cell membrane destruction and intravascular haemolysis. In extreme cases, blood transfusion is required. Methods of storage providing high levels of access to oxygen favour the development of fungi: eg, leaf-encased bundles and open-weave storage favour growth over that seen in starch stored under water, such as in earthen vessels. Ensuring storage does not exceed 3-4 weeks, encouraging anaerobic conditions of the starch and maintaining protein nutrition in communities where sago is relied upon should alleviate outbreak episodes.
Survival, oxidative stability, and surface characteristics of spray dried co-microcapsules containing omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria
- Authors: Eratte, Divya , Gengenbach, Thomas , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 34, no. 16 (2016), p. 1926-1935
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine optimum inlet and outlet air temperatures of spray process for producing co-microcapsules containing omega-3 rich tuna oil and probiotic bacteria L. casei. These co-microcapsules were produced using whey protein isolate and gum Arabic complex coacervates as shell materials. Improved bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 oil were used as two main criteria of this study. Three sets of inlet (130 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 170 degrees C) and outlet (55 degrees C, 65 degrees C, and 75 degrees C) air temperatures were used in nine combinations to produce powdered co-microcapsule. The viability of L. casei, oxidative stability of omega-3 oil, surface oil, oil microencapsulation efficiency, moisture content, surface elemental composition and morphology of the powdered samples were measured. There is no statistical difference in oxidative stability at two lower inlet air temperatures (130 degrees C and 150 degrees C). However, there was a significant decrease in oxidative stability when higher inlet temperature (170 degrees C) was used. The viability of L. casei decreased with the increase in the inlet and outlet air temperatures. There was no difference in the surface elemental compositions and surface morphology of powdered co-microcapsules produced under these nine inlet/outlet temperature combinations. Of the range of conditions tested the co-microcapsules produced at inlet-outlet temperature 130-65 degrees C showed the highest bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 and having the moisture content of 4.93 +/- 0.05% (w/w). This research shows that powdered co-microcapsules of probiotic bacteria and omega-3 fatty acids with high survival of the former and high stability against oxidation can be produced through spray drying.