Vitamins in brewing: The impact of wort production on the thiamine and riboflavin vitamer content of boiled sweet wort
- Authors: Hucker, Barry , Wakeling, Lara , Vriesekoop, Frank
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the Institute of Brewing Vol. 120, no. 3 (2014), p. 164-173
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Wort production contains a number of processing steps that are aimed at the optimal extraction of nutrients from malt, including vitamins. This research revealed that the different wort production processing steps imposed different influences on the thiamine and riboflavin vitamer content of the final sweet wort. These vitamins play vital roles within yeast metabolism, where they act as enzyme cofactors. As such thiamine vitamers play a crucial role in many decarboxylating enzymes, while riboflavin vitamers play an integral role in energy production and redox maintenance. While mashing releases valuable starch into the liquor, both thiamine and riboflavin are also extracted. The extraction of these vitamins is the greatest at 65°C and is indirectly linked to the amylase activity. When the starches are broken down during mashing, the thiamine and riboflavin vitamers are gradually released into the mash liquor. The boiling and trub removal (whirlpool) processes impose losses in both vitamins owing to the high temperatures exhibited during these stages. While hop pellets were shown to contribute a small proportion of the vitamers studied, the use of kettle finings caused a significant reduction in both thiamine and riboflavin vitamers.
- Description: C1
Guest Editorial: Special Thematic Issue on Drying of Proteins and Enzymes
- Authors: Adhikari, Benu , Devahastin, Sakamon , Mujumdar, Arun
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 31, no. 13-14 (2013), p. 1439-1440
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The idea of publishing a special issue on proteins and enzymes was conceived during the 18th International Drying Symposium (IDS2012) held in the historical city of Xiamen, China (November 11-15, 2012). It appeared to us that a number of scientists and engineers were enthusiastically undertaking research in various aspects of drying of proteins and enzymes. Professors Arun Mujumdar and Sakamon Devhastin encouraged me to explore the possibility of bringing at least one special issue that would depict contemporary research undertakings in the broader theme involving proteins and enzymes. We were somewhat unsure in the beginning whether or not the required number of high quality mansucripts could be garnered for one issue in the time constraint we had in mind. Editorial
- Description: C3
Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma
- Authors: Chambers, John , Zhang, Weihua , Sehmi, Joban , Li, Xinzhong , Wass, Mark N , van der Harst, Pim , Holm, Hilma , Sanna, Serena , Kavousi, Maryam , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nature genetics Vol. 43, no. 11 (2011), p. 1131-1138
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma are widely used as indicators of liver disease. We carried out a genome-wide association study in 61,089 individuals, identifying 42 loci associated with concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma, of which 32 are new associations (P = 10−8 to P = 10−190). We used functional genomic approaches including metabonomic profiling and gene expression analyses to identify probable candidate genes at these regions. We identified 69 candidate genes, including genes involved in biliary transport (ATP8B1 and ABCB11), glucose, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (FADS1, FADS2, GCKR, JMJD1C, HNF1A, MLXIPL, PNPLA3, PPP1R3B, SLC2A2 and TRIB1), glycoprotein biosynthesis and cell surface glycobiology (ABO, ASGR1, FUT2, GPLD1 and ST3GAL4), inflammation and immunity (CD276, CDH6, GCKR, HNF1A, HPR, ITGA1, RORA and STAT4) and glutathione metabolism (GSTT1, GSTT2 and GGT), as well as several genes of uncertain or unknown function (including ABHD12, EFHD1, EFNA1, EPHA2, MICAL3 and ZNF827). Our results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms and pathways influencing markers of liver function. 137 authors