Estimation of concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient in drying process from the space-averaged concentration versus time with experimental data
- Authors: Loulou, T. , Adhikari, Benu , Lecomte, D.
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Chemical Engineering Science Vol. 61, no. 22 (2006), p. 7185-7198
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- Description: The estimation of a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient in a drying process is known as an inverse coefficient problem. The solution is sought wherein the space-average concentration is known as function of time (mass loss monitoring). The problem is stated as the minimization of a functional and gradient-based algorithms are used to solve it. Many numerical and experimental examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach are presented. Thin slab drying was carried out in an isothermal drying chamber built in our laboratory. The diffusion coefficients of fructose obtained with the present method are compared with existing literature results. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interfacial and emulsifying properties of lentil protein isolate
- Authors: Joshi, Matina , Adhikari, Benu , Aldred, Peter , Panozzo, Joe , Kasapis, Stefan , Barrow, Colin
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Food Chemistry Vol.134 no.3 (2012), p.343-1353
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- Description: The dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) at oil-water interface, diffusion coefficients, surface hydrophobicity, zeta potential and emulsifying properties, including emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI) and droplet size of lentil protein isolate (LPI), were measured at different pH and LPI concentration, in order to elucidate its emulsifying behaviour. Sodium caseinate (NaCas), whey protein isolate (WPI), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (Lys) were used as benchmark proteins and their emulsifying property was compared with that of LPI. The speed of diffusion-controlled migration of these proteins to the oil/water interface, was in the following order: NaCas > LPI > WPI > BSA > Lys, while their surface hydrophobicity was in the following order: BSA > LPI > NaCas > WPI > Lys. The EAI of emulsions stabilised by the above proteins ranged from 90.3 to 123.3 m 2/g and it was 93.3 ± 0.2 m 2/g in LPI-stabilised emulsion. However, the stability of LPI-stabilised emulsions was slightly lower compared to that of WPI and NaCas-stabilised emulsions at the same protein concentration at pH 7.0. The ESI of LPI emulsions improved substantially with decrease in droplet size when protein concentration was increased (20-30 mg/ml). Reduction of disulphide bonds enhanced both the EAI and ESI compared to untreated samples. Heat treatment of LPI dispersions resulted in poor emulsion stability due to molecular aggregation. The stability of LPI-stabilised emulsions was found to decrease in the presence of NaCl. This study showed that LPI can be as effective emulsifiers of oil-in-water emulsions as are WPI and NaCas at ≥20 mg/ml concentrations both at low and neutral pH. The emulsifying property of LPI can be improved by reducing the intra and inter-disulphide bond by using appropriate reducing agents. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.