Argumentation structures that integrate dialectical and non-dialectical reasoning
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Zeleznikow, John , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2001
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Knowledge Engineering Review Vol. 16, no. 4 (Dec 2001), p. 331-348
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- Description: Argumentation concepts have been applied to numerous knowledge engineering endeavours in recent years. For example, a variety of logics have been developed to represent argumentation in the context of a dialectical situation such as a dialogue. In contrast to the dialectical approach, argumentation has also been used to structure knowledge. This can be seen as a non-dialectical approach. The Toulmin argument structure has often been used to structure knowledge non-dialectically yet most studies that apply the Toulmin structure do not use the original structure but vary one or more components. Variations to the Toulmin structure can be understood as different ways to integrate a dialectical perspective with a non-dialectical one. Drawing the dialectical/non-dialectical distinction enables the specification of a framework called the generic actual argument model that is expressly non-dialectical. The framework enables the development of knowledge-based systems that integrate a variety of inference procedures, combine information retrieval with reasoning and facilitate automated document drafting. Furthermore, the non-dialectical framework provides the foundation for simple dialectical models. Systems based on our approach have been developed in family law, refugee law, determining eligibility for government legal aid, copyright law and e-tourism.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002516
Varieties of abelian topological groups and scattered spaces
- Authors: McPhail, Carolyn , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 78, no. 3 (Dec 2008), p. 487-495
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- Description: The variety of topological groups generated by the class of all abelian k(omega)-groups has been shown to equal the variety of topological groups generated by the free abelian topological group on [0, 1]. In this paper it is proved that the free abelian topological group on a compact Hausdorff space X generates the same variety if and only if X is not scattered.
Collembola fauna of the South Shetland Islands revisited
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Antarctic Science Vol. 22, no. (2010), p. 233-242
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- Description: A review of the collembolan fauna of the South Shetland Islands is presented. Cryptopygus nanjiensis Yue & Tamura is synonymized with C. antarcticus Willem. A record of Tullbergia mediantarctica Wise from King George Island is considered a misidentification of Tullbergia mixta Wahlgren and Tillieria penai Weiner & Najt, described from the same island, is synonymized with T. mixta. The current fauna stands at eleven species, of which at least three are introduced. A checklist of Collembola currently considered to occur in the South Shetland Islands is supplied with distributional data.
A brief internet-based treatment for panic disorder
- Authors: Klein, Britt , Richards, Jeffrey
- Date: 2001
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy Vol. 29, no. 1 (2001), p. 113-117
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- Description: This study investigated the effectiveness of an Internet-based intervention for people with panic disorder. Twenty-two participants met criteria for panic disorder and were randomly assigned to either the treatment or a self-monitoring control condition. The study took place over 3 weeks and consisted of one week of self-monitoring prior to the intervention group accessing the program for one week, followed by one week of post-intervention assessment. Participants were assessed on measures pertaining to panic, negative affect, body vigilance, anxiety sensitivity and self-efficacy in managing panic. The treatment condition was associated with significant reductions in all variables except anxiety sensitivity and depressive affect. This type of intervention for people with fearful panic attacks holds promise as an efficacious and economical method for treating spontaneous panic.
Psychological morbidity and quality of life in women with advanced breast cancer : A cross-sectional survey
- Authors: Grabsch, Brenda , Clarke, David , Love, Anthony , McKenzie, Dean , Snyder, Raymond , Bloch, Sidney , Smith, Graeme , Kissane, David
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Palliative & Supportive Care Vol. 4, no. 1 (2006), p. 47-56
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- Description: Objective: Our purpose was to determine the frequency of psychiatric morbidity and to assess the quality of life of women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The 227 women in the sample were recruited in Melbourne, Australia, and were interviewed (prior to intervention) for a randomized controlled trial of supportive-expressive group therapy. The main outcome measures were DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses plus quality of life data based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 (core) and QLQ-BR23 (breast module) instruments. Results: Forty-two percent of the women (97/227) had a psychiatric disorder; 35.7% (81) of these had depression or anxiety or both. Specific diagnoses were minor depression in 58 women (25.6%), major depression in 16 (7%), anxiety disorder in 14 (6.2%), and phobic disorder in 9 (4%). Seventeen (7.5%) women had more than one disorder. In terms of quality of life, one-third felt less attractive, one-quarter were dissatisfied with their body image, and, in most, sexual interest had waned. Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes affected less than one-third, whereas symptoms of lymphedema were experienced by 26 (11.5%). Significance: Women with advanced breast cancer have high rates of psychiatric and psychological disturbance. Quality of life is substantially affected. Clinicians need to be vigilant in monitoring psychological adjustment as part of a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach.
- Description: 2003007264
Everyday discrimination in the workplace, job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing: age differences and moderating variables
- Authors: Taylor, Philip , McLoughlin, Christopher , Meyer, Denny , Brooke, Elizabeth
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ageing & Society Vol. 33, no. 7 (2013), p. 1105-1138
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- Description: In this article we explore the importance of ‘everyday discrimination’ and other psycho-social variables for psychological wellbeing, considering differences according to age, gender and socio-economic position. Using employee survey data collected within Australian organisations we explore a statistically reliable model of the relationship between aspects of the psycho-social work environment, psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction. The employee survey was carried out in two phases during mid-2007 and mid-2008 in a national university, two international freight terminals of a large international airline, a national manufacturing company and the roadside assistance division of a motoring organisation. Structural Equation Modelling was used to configure a model including psycho-social factors: respect, support, training, job insecurity and personally meaningful work. Everyday discrimination and consultation with supervisor were considered in terms of their direct effect on psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction and their indirect effect via the psycho-social factors enumerated above. Importantly, this generalised model attempts to describe the interrelations of these factors effectively for various age groups, gender and socio-economic position. We identify age, gender and socio-economic differences in the strength and relative importance of these relationships. A further validation study with an independent sample will be required to verify the model proposed in this article. The implications for the design of workplace interventions concerned with age discrimination are discussed.
Authorship analysis of aliases: Does topic influence accuracy?
- Authors: Layton, Robert , Watters, Paul , Dazeley, Richard
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Natural Language Engineering Vol. Online first, no. (2013), p.
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- Description: Aliases play an important role in online environments by facilitating anonymity, but also can be used to hide the identity of cybercriminals. Previous studies have investigated this alias matching problem in an attempt to identify whether two aliases are shared by an author, which can assist with identifying users. Those studies create their training data by randomly splitting the documents associated with an alias into two sub-aliases. Models have been built that can regularly achieve over 90% accuracy for recovering the linkage between these ‘random sub-aliases’. In this paper, random sub-alias generation is shown to enable these high accuracies, and thus does not adequately model the real-world problem. In contrast, creating sub-aliases using topic-based splitting drastically reduces the accuracy of all authorship methods tested. We then present a methodology that can be performed on non-topic controlled datasets, to produce topic-based sub-aliases that are more difficult to match. Finally, we present an experimental comparison between many authorship methods to see which methods better match aliases under these conditions, finding that local n-gram methods perform better than others.
The social lives of rural Australian nursing home residents
- Authors: Parmenter, Glenda , Cruickshank, Mary , Hussain, Rafat
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ageing and Society Vol. 32, no. 2 (2012), p. 329-353
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- Description: ABSTRACT Contact with family and friends, in the form of visiting, is very important to the quality of the lives of rural nursing home residents. However, there has been little recent research that examines the frequency and determinants of visits to rural nursing homes and none in the rural Australian context. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature. A telephone survey with a close family member (N=257) of each participating resident in the rural New England area of New South Wales, Australia gathered data about 3,738 people who formed the potential social networks of these residents. This study found that the wider, potential, social networks of rural nursing home residents comprised approximately 17 people and involved a wide range of family and friends. However, their actual social networks consisted of approximately two females, daughters and friends, who had high-quality relationships with the resident and who visited at least once per month. In contrast to previous assertions that nursing home residents have robust support from their family and friends, the actual social networks of these residents have dwindled considerably over recent years, which may place them at risk of social isolation. This study has implications for nursing home policy and practice and recommendations for addressing the risk of social isolation that rural nursing home residents face are made.
Anzac journeys : returning to the battlefields of World War II
- Authors: Scates, Bruce , McCosker, Alexandra , Reeves, Keir , Wheatley, Rebecca , Williams, Damien
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book
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- Description: Australians have been making pilgrimages to the battlefields and cemeteries of World War Two since the 1940s, from the jungles of New Guinea and South-East Asia to the mountains of Greece and the deserts of North Africa. They travel in search of the stories of lost loved ones, to mourn the dead and to come to grips with the past. With characteristic empathy, Bruce Scates charts the history of pilgrimages to Crete, Kokoda, Sandakan and Hellfire Pass. He explores the emotional resonance that these sites have for those who served and those who remember. Based on surveys, interviews, extensive fieldwork and archival research, Anzac Journeys offers insights into the culture of loss and commemoration and the hunger for meaning so pivotal to the experience of pilgrimage. Richly illustrated with full-colour maps and photographs from the 1940s to today, Anzac Journeys makes an important and moving contribution to Australian military history.
Agricultural distortion patterns since the 1950s: what needs explaining?
- Authors: Anderson, Kym , Croser, Johanna , Sandri, Damiano , Valenzuela, Ernesto
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Political economy of agricultural price distortions p. 25-81
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Conclusion : What now? Where to from here?
- Authors: Paliadelis, Penny
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The road to nursing Chapter 18 p. 295-306
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- Description: The focus of this book has been on exploring the key concepts, knowledge and skills that are relevant to contemporary nursing practice, with a strong emphasis on 'meaning-making' - what things really mean; how this meaning is established; why particular knowledge is necessary or important; and how all this informs your road to nursing, your ongoing learning, practice and professional identity-formation and your conception of what it really means to be and act as a nurse. This final chapter weaves together some of the key focus areas that have made up this 'journey', using stories from practice that may provide you with some further insights to guide you on your path to becoming a skilled and experienced nurse. The second part of this chapter will focus your attention on the fact that once you enter the profession as a beginning-level nurse, this is not the end of your journey; it is only the first stage of your career. There are many options and learning opportunities that can further your career and assist you to develop into an expert nurse across a range of settings. The last part of this chapter will focus on how you can contribute to the further development of the nursing profession by role-modelling and promoting nursing, mentoring and supporting others, and developing and sharing your skills and knowledge with new generations of nurses.
The social construction of retirement and evolving policy discourse of working longer
- Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Social Policy Vol. 45, no. 2 (2016), p. 251-268
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- Description: This article is concerned with the evolving social construction of older workers and retirement. Evolving and competing 'world-views' from public policy, and social advocacy of productive and vulnerable older workers, are described and critiqued. Contradictions and disjunctions, in terms of public policies aimed at changing employer behaviour towards older workers, are identified. It is argued that present representations of older workers have serious flaws that provide a weak basis for policy development and may not only undermine the prospects for overcoming prejudicial societal attitudes but may in fact strengthen them. It is further argued that sheltering older workers in employment placements will inevitably limit the extent and nature of their participation. Instead, the mainstreaming of their employment is justified, bearing in mind negative attitudes towards ageing. © 2015 Cambridge University Press.
Thinking like a nurse
- Authors: Porter, Joanne , Perkins, Alicia , Lyons, Judith , Sewgolam, Shireen
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The road to nursing Chapter 8 p. 117-136
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- Description: Critical thinking and problem-solving, clinical reasoning, self-reflection and self-awareness are valued attributes of the contemporary nurse. These skills are essential for the provision of safe and competent person-centred care to patients with ever-increasing acuity and multiple, often complex comorbidities. This chapter focuses on critical thinking, clinical reasoning and reflective practice, and personal documentation using e-portfolios, along with strategies to assist beginning nurses in the development of these specific skills, which should be honed, practised and adapted to everyday clinical practice. The chapter also assists the professional nurse to develop methods to demonstrate their personal and professional development through the use of e-portfolios.
Awakening and engaging in your learning
- Authors: Lyons, Judith
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The road to nursing Chapter 2 p. 16-28
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- Description: This chapter discusses what it means to be an awake student and how you can be an engaged student to take the maximum advantage of the learning environment. It will explore the interrelationship of being an awake student and an awake nurse. Nursing requires constantly observing the situation, being aware of the context of practice, the situation or event in which you are taking part, and the patient in your care in order to make professional nursing decisions. To be successful in learning and practice, you will need to develop the graduate attributes of a nurse. These including being a professional and ethical decision-maker, politically astute situational leader and citizen, socially and culturally aware agent of change, critically reflective thinker adept in clinical reasoning, creative problem-solver, skilled therapeutic communicator, capable interdisciplinary healthcare team member and competent, caring, safe and professional nurse (Federation University Australia 2015). This chapter also provides ideas for how to overcome difficulties and engage in your learning together with ways that will help you to spend effective time in your learning endearvour. It discusses how you can transition to university learning in a way that makes you an equal partner in the learning process towards becoming an independent learner.
Understanding self and others
- Authors: Arnott, Nick , Paliadelis, Penny , Cruickshank, Mary , Williams, Danielle
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The road to nursing Chapter 10 p. 152-167
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- Description: As a society, we generally expect those working in professional roles to be 'professional', but this term is difficult to define. What does it actually mean to be professional? How can students develop their personal sense of self, and how might this interact with their professional identify and performance? This chapter explains self-awareness and the importance of understanding your own values, beliefs and motivations, which in turn will assist you to better understand the unique experiences and 'world-views' of others, and to develop and nurture the therapeutic and professional relationships that are essential for successful nursing practice.
Age-related changes in generalized anxiety disorder symptoms
- Authors: Miloyan, Beyon , Byrne, Gerard , Pachana, Nancy
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 26, no. 4 (2014), p. 565-572
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- Description: Background: Little is known about the effects of age on the symptoms of anxiety disorder. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate age-related differences in the number and kind of symptoms that distinguish between individuals with and without a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: A sample of 3,486 self-reported worriers was derived from Wave 1 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), an epidemiological survey of mental health conducted in the USA in 2001-2002. Participants were stratified into the following age groups (18-29 years, 30-44 years, 45-64 years, 65-98 years), and then divided into diagnostic groups (GAD and non-GAD worriers). Results: Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that four distinct sets of symptoms were associated with GAD in each age group, and that numerically fewer symptoms were associated with GAD in older adults. Moreover, there were graduated changes in the type and number of symptoms associated with GAD in each successive age group. Conclusions: There are graduated, age-related differences in the phenomenology of GAD that might contribute to challenges in the detection of late-life anxiety. © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.
The role of perceived threat in Australians’ endorsement of asylum-seeker policies
- Authors: Pattison, Emily , Davidson, Graham
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology Vol. 13, no. (2019), p. 1-11
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- Description: Australia’s treatment of asylum seekers continues to polarise public debate. The present study sought to investigate the factors that may influence an individual’s endorsement of deterrence-based government policies. Using the integrated threat theory of prejudice, the present study examined the role of perceived threat in shaping Australian voters’ political attitudes toward asylum seekers. A total of 255 Australian citizens completed an online questionnaire that assessed their support for aspects of government policy and their perceptions of asylum seekers as a threat. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine the combined and unique influences of perceived threat and sociodemographic factors on overall and individual government policy endorsement. Results indicated that various types of threat (realistic, symbolic, and negative stereotypes) were significant predictors of policy support. Practical implications regarding the development of anti-discriminatory strategies and directions for future research are discussed.
An open mapping theorem
- Authors: Gabriyelyan, Saak , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 94, no. 1 (2016), p. 65-69
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- Description: It is proved that any surjective morphism f : Z(k) -> K onto a locally compact group K is open for every cardinal k. This answers a question posed by Hofmann and the second author.
The force of gardening: Investigating children's learning in a food garden
- Authors: Green, Monica , Duhn, Iris
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Environmental Education Vol. 31, no. 1 (2015), p. 60-73
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- Description: School gardens are becoming increasingly recognised as important sites for learning and for bringing children into relationship with food. Despite the well-known educational and health benefits of gardening, children's interactions with the non-human entities and forces within garden surroundings are less understood and examined in the wider garden literature. Using a relational materialist approach (Hultman & Lenz Taguchi, 2010) that considers the material artefacts that constitute a learning environment, this article examines children's interactions with the animate and inanimate life forces through three specific garden photographs. The photos belong to data derived from a study that examined food, ecology and design pedagogies in three Australian primary schools. This paper argues that children's interactions with the non-human materialities of a garden are a vital dimension of gardening practice. The agential powers of gardens have great capacity to mobilise and inform children's inhabitation of food gardens. © The Author(s) 2015.
Subspaces of the free topological vector space on the unit interval
- Authors: Gabriyelyan, Saak , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 97, no. 1 (2018), p. 110-118
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- Description: For a Tychonoff space X, let V(X) be the free topological vector space over X, A(X) the free abelian topological group over X and I the unit interval with its usual topology. It is proved here that if X is a subspace of I, then the following are equivalent: V(X) can be embedded in V(I) as a topological vector subspace; A(X) can be embedded in A(I) as a topological subgroup; X is locally compact. © 2017 Australian Mathematical Publishing Association Inc..