Deconstructing the DSM-IV-TR : A critical perspective
- Authors: Warelow, Philip , Holmes, Colin
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 20, no. 6 (2011), p. 383-391
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- Description: This paper examines and offers a critique of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), underlying principles and assumptions, and the nature and consequences of its nosological framework. The reason for this critique is to look at the rationale for some of the diagnostic categories and also why some categories are retained, including some of the long-standing diagnostic groups, such as schizophrenia. It is not the intention here to rehearse the problems of biological psychiatric thinking, nor argue the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM-IV-TR in its definitions and descriptions of particular syndromes and illnesses. The ideas presented here derive from a range of previous research that argued that the DSM-IV-TR colludes in a system of psychiatric care in which all people, by virtue of characteristically human foibles and idiosyncrasies, are potentially classifiable into a variety of diagnostic mental health categories. In the present study, it was argued that because of resource constraints, professional dispute, and public concern, the major criterion for attracting a formal diagnosis is not classifiability according to the DSM-IV-TR, but rather, that of 'social risk', defined in terms of risk to oneself and/or others and embodying obvious social control functions. Here, we expand and develop some of these ideas, and relate them more specifically to insights offered by critical or deconstructive psychology and the development of the forthcoming the DSM-V. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing © 2011 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.
In partnership with the genetic question
- Authors: Warelow, Philip
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 22, no. Supplement (October 2013), p. 34-34
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Wise men, devils and fools: History of mental illness and mental health
- Authors: Warelow, Philip
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Mental Health Nursing: Dimensions of Praxis p. 5-25
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Australian nursing curricula and mental health recruitment
- Authors: Warelow, Philip , Edward, Karen-Leigh
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Nursing Practice Vol. 15, no. 4 (2009), p. 250-256
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- Description: Debate about nursing curricula has been on the forefront of industry and academia in Australia particularly since the shift from the 'apprenticeship style' of training for nurses to a university-based, comprehensive, bachelor's degree. There is the suggestion that university-based courses are rather inflexible and take for granted that the provision of mental health nursing across what is an essentially general course will ultimately attract the numbers of quality staff members required to fill speciality positions in mental health. Recent literature advocates for a direct entry undergraduate mental health programme in Australia, similar to that in the UK. This is suggested as one of many strategies to address the growing disparity between the demand and the supply for effective mental health treatment and care. The support of preceptor staff in the clinical field in terms of workloads, supervision and professional development are also identified as areas for attention. Another strategy that this paper addresses is the increased support of student preceptors in the areas of workload, supervision and professional development, whereas they forge organizational links between the tertiary sector and industry to facilitate enhanced communication channels between the theoretical curriculum (the theory) and the clinical sites (the practice). Additionally, increasing the mental health content in current curricula to a level that reflects hospital-based and community mental health needs is also required.
Treat the patient not their labelled illness
- Authors: Warelow, Philip , Edward, Karen-Leigh , Hercelinskyj, Gylo
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at ACMHN's 37th International Mental Health Nursing Conference " Swimming between the flags" 4th to 7th October 2011 Gold Coast
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- Description: Many areas of health care use a medical-model to underpin the care they deliver, promoting scientific investigation as the way to understand clinical phenomena. This paper argues that this safe option is representative of swimming between the flags and staying safe and really doesn’t capture the complete story. The reality in mental health is that scientifically proven evidence may not always exist and because of this clinical work should not be used as a laboratory where in the absence of scientifically proven evidence to support diagnostic categories that DSM IV-TR with its ‘catch all’ criteria should not be used to create an illusion of understanding. The dilemma between what is understood and proven through scientific methods and what is in essence opinion, is problematic, as science should command absolute loyalty. Obedience to criterion related processes deemed ‘proper treatment’ or fulfilling the modus operandi of the clinical area concerned really does not base diagnostic evidence on a clear scien- tific rationale. For mental health nurses in practice, the dilemma between what is understood and proven through scientific methods and what is seen in contextual practice becomes important in terms of clinical and therapeutic interventions. Using a scientific format, or waving its banner, really doesn’t add validity to those who speak as scientists; in fact its virtues often act as a smokescreen. The language, prestige, and trappings of science can often be so distracting that science’s core values are often overshadowed along with absolute clarity about what is known and not known. DSM IV-TR diagnoses on the basis of this are often based on operational definitions, rather than pathogenesis or aetiology which pro- mulgates treating the diagnosis rather than the patient. The diagnosis determines the care given and mental health nurses need to move away from swimming between the flags and advocate for their patients and promote the speciality(ies) of their discipline.
- Description: 2003008954
Flexible delivery : On-line versus bottom-line
- Authors: Warelow, Philip , Wells, Samantha , Irwin, Pauletta
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol. 29, no. 1 (2011), p. 55-62
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- Description: Objective In using a flexible delivery of learning approach to nursing education, and taking into account the globalization of education, this research argues that universities need to consider and take into account both the positive and negative aspects of this decision. Setting Tertiary educational settings Subjects All undergraduate/postgraduate students Primary Argument As nursing education is undergoing some significant changes this study argues that universities must be prepared to adopt some changes to harmonies with the needs of learners, the major stakeholders and to remain financially competitive in the marketplace. Conclusion These arguments need to be considered using the backdrop of what might be described as the globalization of education and universities need to respond to the challenges that flexible online learning presents. Flexible delivery for nursing education may need to proceed forward with a degree of caution because financial considerations shouldn't be a determinant of pedagogical quality.
Changing philosophies: A paradigmatic nursing shift from Nightingale
- Authors: Warelow, Philip
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol. 31, no. 1 (2013), p. 36-45
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- Description: To consider the changing philosophical and theoretical construction of nursing which has moved from an initial focus on positivism and science, and undergone a paradigmatic shift so that it is now being interpreted by some nursing theorists in alternative ways. Primary Argument A theoretical review of some nursing theorists and a critical consideration of the wider concepts which have been influential in theoretical constructions gradually moving from the received (positivistic) to the perceived view. The perceived view encompasses the emergence and influence of non-positivist philosophies, which shift the theoretical focus away from causation to a more interpretive, unscientific standpoint, with foundations in phenomenology, humanism, holistic care and qualitative research. The paper demonstrates that many of the theories offered are esoteric, complicated and constructed in an academic way that tends to escape the everyday nurse practitioner. Conclusion That multiple options which capture the philosophies and ideologies of both paradigms should/could be considered.
Working with your team to minimize the impact of anticipatory anxiety in relation to aggression towards nurses
- Authors: Edward, Karen-Leigh , Warelow, Philip , Ousey, Karen , Lui, Steve
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 22, no. Supplement S1 (October 2013), p. 8-9
- Full Text: false
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- Description: C1
A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors that relate to aggression perpetrated against nurses by patients/relatives or staff
- Authors: Edward, Karen-Leigh , Stephenson, John , Ousey, Karen , Lui, Steve , Warelow, Philip , Giandinoto, Jo-Anne
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 25, no. 3-4 (2016), p. 289-299
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- Description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the factors that related to aggression (verbal abuse or physical abuse/assault) perpetrated against the nurse or other health professionals by patients/relatives or staff. In the light of the paucity of systematic reviews on this common issue in nursing, the objective was to present a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of these papers. Background: Aggression towards nurses is common around the world and can be the impetus for nurses leaving the profession or developing anxiety when working in particular settings. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods: Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the effect of the factors of gender and context (dichotomised as mental health/psychiatric or nonmental health/psychiatric). The databases of Medline (1966-2015), CINAHL (1982-2015) and PsychInfo (1920-2015). Results: A total of 1571 papers were screened by two reviewers. At the final decision 14 were selected for analysis. A higher proportion of female nurses than male nurses were reported to be the victims of verbal abuse, with the difference in proportions being statistically significant. A statistically significant higher proportion of male nurses than female nurses were reported to be the victims of physical abuse. There was a significantly higher proportion of mental health nurses reported experiencing physical abuse as compared to nonmental health nurses. Conclusions: The analysis reveal female nurses have greater odds of verbal abuse than male nurses and male nurses have greater odds of physical abuse than female nurses. Overall mental health nurses had three times higher odds of physical assault than other nurses. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Motivations of nursing students regarding their educational preparation for mental health nursing in Australia and the United Kingdom: a survey evaluation
- Authors: Edward, Karen-Leigh , Warelow, Philip , Hemingway, Stephen , Hercelinskyj, Gylo , Welch, Anthony , McAndrew, Sue , Stephenson, John
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Nursing Vol. 14, no. 1 (2015), p. 29
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- Description: There has been much debate by both academics and clinical agencies about the motivations and abilities of nurse graduates to work in mental health nursing. The aim of this study was to recruit student nurses from a dedicated mental health nursing program in the United Kingdom (UK) and a comprehensive nursing program in Australia and illuminate their motivations towards considering mental health nursing as a career choice.
Problem based learning (PBL) : A conundrum
- Authors: Wells, Samantha , Warelow, Philip , Jackson, Karen
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Contemporary Nurse Vol. 33, no. 2 (2009), p. 191-201
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- Description: Problem Based Learning (PBL) using minimal guided instruction is used as an educational strategy across a broad variety of disciplines in the tertiary sector. This paper includes some of the strengths and weaknesses of PBL, both in general and in relation to the health care setting, encompassing some of its philosophical underpinnings and its methodological approach. In an effort to explore some of the benefits and problems with PBL in the work setting, this account will comprise a realistic rather than idealistic focus and will include a range of perspectives from both a facilitator and student standpoint. We suggest that PBL is a useful strategy across a comprehensive nursing degree programme (as the ideal) provided the learning programme is supported financially and that its ideal creed which supports a small group approach are adhered to. What we find is that reality is often different, with individual facilitators condensing their PBL programmes to incorporate a modified PBL approach with this personalised approach often taking strength away from the original conceptions of PBL. What we suggest here is that these circumstances constitute a conundrum.
The tapestry of the comprehensive degree programme
- Authors: Warelow, Philip , Edward, Karen-Leigh , Hercelinskyj, Gylo
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 21, no. Suppement (October 2012), p. 26-27
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- Description: Abstracts only
The fabric of a career in mental health nursing from an Australian and UK perspective
- Authors: Warelow, Philip , Edward, Karen-Leigh , Hercelinskyj, Gylo , Welch, Tony , Hemingway, Steve , McAndrew, Sue , Stephenson, John
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 21, no. s1 (2012), p.27
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Special Issue: ACMHN’s 38th International Mental Health Nursing Conference - The Fabric of Life, 3-5 October 2012, Darwin Convention Centre, Darwin, Australia Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) share concerns regarding the recruitment and retention of nurses to the field of mental health care. This study sought to uncover what UK and Australian students perceived as motivational factors toward working in the context of mental health care. Abstracts only
- Description: Special Issue: ACMHN’s 38th International Mental Health Nursing Conference - The Fabric of Life, 3-5 October 2012, Darwin Convention Centre, Darwin, Australia Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) share concerns regarding the recruitment and retention of nurses to the field of mental health care. This study sought to uncover what UK and Australian students perceived as motivational factors toward working in the context of mental health care.