Biological and chemical treatment technologies for waste amines from CO₂ capture plants
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent , Meuleman, Erik
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 241, no. (2018), p. 514-524
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- Description: Amine-based carbon dioxide capture is the most mature technology for reducing flue gas CO₂ emissions. It has been postulated and observed during commercialisation of this technology that significant quantities of waste amines are produced. Further industrial implementation of this technology requires adequate disposal or valorisation options for this waste. This review presents an analysis of seven biological and chemical technologies for waste amine amelioration or valorisation. Of these, the biological treatments are identified as being more mature for industrial application with the capacity for marketable product generation. Slow speed is the main drawback of the biological processes but this does not hinder their commercial viability. Using waste amine for NOx reduction in power stations is a secondary option, where it seems probable that the amount of waste amine generated in the CO₂ capture plant is sufficient to fulfil the DeNOx requirements of the flue gas. This route, however, requires investigation into the impact of waste amine impurities on the power station and the CO₂ capture plant operations.
- Description: Amine-based carbon dioxide capture is the most mature technology for reducing flue gas CO emissions. It has been postulated and observed during commercialisation of this technology that significant quantities of waste amines are produced. Further industrial implementation of this technology requires adequate disposal or valorisation options for this waste. This review presents an analysis of seven biological and chemical technologies for waste amine amelioration or valorisation. Of these, the biological treatments are identified as being more mature for industrial application with the capacity for marketable product generation. Slow speed is the main drawback of the biological processes but this does not hinder their commercial viability. Using waste amine for NOx reduction in power stations is a secondary option, where it seems probable that the amount of waste amine generated in the CO capture plant is sufficient to fulfil the DeNOx requirements of the flue gas. This route, however, requires investigation into the impact of waste amine impurities on the power station and the CO capture plant operations.
Carbon negative platform chemicals from waste using enhanced geothermal systems
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 14th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference, GHGT-14; Melbourne, Australian; 21st-26st October 2018 p. 1-4
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- Description: Australia has ample geothermal resource, however, it is of low-grade heat and requires Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Integrating heat recovered via EGS into a lignocellulosic biorefinery opens the avenue for countless opportunities in biomass to products industries. In this study, a biorefinery is modelled that uses heat from a supercritical CO
Increasing hydrogen energy efficiency by heat integration between fuel cell, hydride tank and electrolyzer
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering, CSDE 2019
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- Description: Chemical processes offer untapped potential to increase overall system efficiencies by synergizing renewable hydrogen storage with dispatchable renewable energy facilities. In this study an Energy Storage Facility model is developed and simulation conducted to examine this potential. The model incorporates a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) integrated with a Magnesium Hydride (MgH2) Tank and an alkaline electrolyzer linked to the power grid. Surplus grid power is converted to hydrogen and stored as magnesium hydride. This storage process generates waste heat which is used to partially offset the water heating requirement of the electrolyzer. Simulation results demonstrate 20% reduction in parasitic heat energy consumption using this waste heat. Stored hydrogen provides power on demand via the SOFC. Waste heat from SOFC fulfils the desorption heat demand of the MgH2 Tank. Simulation results reveal waste heat from the SOFC is just enough to preheat oxygen and hydrogen and desorb hydrogen from the MgH2 tank. These results are encouraging, warranting further investigation into metal hydride storage to help Australia's transition towards renewable energy resources. © 2019 IEEE.
Modelling a biorefinery concept producing carbon fibre-polybutylene succinate composite foam
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Chemical Engineering Science Vol. 209, no. (2019), p. 1-7
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- Description: In this study, a novel biorefinery concept producing carbon fibre-poly(butylene succinate) composite foam (CPC foam) from lignocellulose and CO 2 is modelled. The biodegradable nature of poly(butylene succinate) would allow for easy carbon fibre recovery from the CPC foam for reuse at the end of product lifecycle, thus allowing for a circular materials flow. Technical simulation results show the biorefinery consumes 417 kg of biomass, 33 kg of CO 2 , 86 kg of methanol, 23 kg of acetic anhydride, 130 kWh of electricity and 1166 kW of heat per hour. The facility generates 72 kg of CPC foam, 82 kg of carbon fibre, 24 kg of tetrahydrofuran and 50 kg of dimethyl ether (DME). DME is used to fulfil parasitic electricity requirement. These results demonstrate the technical viability of this biorefinery although, research is needed to reduce parasitic energy demand. This carbon negative biorefinery avoids carcinogens and halogens for polymeric materials synthesis by utilising green chemistry principles and lignocellulose feedstock.
Renewable methane storage in Gippsland for peak and backup power
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC; Melbourne, Australia; 19th-22nd November 2017. p. 1-5
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- Description: Climate Change mitigation by adopting renewable energies and the depleting gas reservoirs of Australia’s Gippsland Basin have introduced insecurity in the Australian energy sector. Urgent measures are needed to avoid future grid failures. This study proposes underground storage of biomethane (CH4) to meet peak and backup power demands. The depleted gas reservoirs and coal seams of Gippsland are candidates for such a storage. In this study, a facility converting waste biomass into methane and storing it in depleted gas reservoir for meeting peak/backup electricity demand is modelled and simulated. In the model, 200 t/d of biomass is anaerobically digested into methane. Despite this practicable yet relatively small scale when combined with storage, the facility generates 14,000 t (20 million m3) of methane per year, enough to generate over 80,000 MWh of electricity on demand via fuel cells. These results demonstrate the potential for bio-renewables contributing to large scale power demand.
Technical evaluation of post-combustion CO2 capture and hydrogen production industrial symbiosis
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 43, no. 30 (2018), p. 13852-13859
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- Description: The aim of this study is to develop an industrial ecosystem whereby wastes/products from a Post-combustion CO2 Capture (PCC) plant are utilised in a hydrogen biorefinery. Subsequently, five hydrogen biorefinery models are developed that use PCC's model amine i.e. monoethanolamine (MEA) as a nitrogen source during microbial hydrogen production and CO2 as a process chemical. Technical evaluations of the five case models are carried out to identify the ones that maximise value by multiproduct generation from biomass and fulfil total/partial parasitic energy demand. The case meeting these criteria, produces 3.1t of succinylated lignin adhesive, 4.9t of dry compost and 2744 kWh of electricity from 10t (dry) of sawdust feedstock, daily. Its daily power and heat duties stand at 3906 kWh and 52.1 GJ respectively. Simulations also demonstrate biohydrogen's potential as an energy storage vector for peak/backup power with an annual 1001.4 MWh of power storage capacity from 10t/d feedstock. © 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Techno-economic analysis of a succinic acid biorefinery coproducing acetic acid and dimethyl ether
- Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent , Meuleman, Erik
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Cleaner Production Vol. 230, no. (2019), p. 1165-1175
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- Description: The production of platform chemicals via carbon negative technologies will play an important role in global efforts to mitigate climate change. Succinic acid biorefineries are commercially mature carbon negative technologies that are plagued with large waste streams in the form of hemicellulose and gypsum. Here, a techno-economic analysis assesses the viability of a succinic acid biorefinery wherein hemicellulose is converted to acetic acid and dimethyl ether, and gypsum generation is avoided. Succinic acid is a feedstock for biodegradable plastics, acetic acid replaces petroleum-derived sources, and dimethyl ether is ideally suited as an energy storage vector. Our novel biorefinery concept presents an innovative integration of commercial technologies including water-splitting bipolar membrane electrodialysis for acid purification. The modelled multiproduct biorefinery (Multi Case)annually consumes 650,000 metric tonnes (t)of pulp logs, 135,000t of methanol, 1,700,000t of water, 42,000t of CO2 and 89 MW of electricity to produce 220,000t of succinic acid, 115,000t of acetic acid and 900t of dimethyl ether. All the parasitic electricity and heat duties are fulfilled within the biorefinery. Results show a CAPEX of AUD $635,000,000, OPEX of $180,000,000 and a succinic acid Minimum Selling Price of $990/t. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of the Multi Case biorefinery model show it is also resilient to price fluctuations.