The association between cannabis use, mental illness and suicidal behaviour: what is the role of hopelessness
- Authors: Serafini, Gianluca , Pompili, Maurizio , Innamorati, Marco , Amore, Mario , Borgwardt, Stefan , Giradi, Paolo , Temple, Elizabeth
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Pyschiatry Vol. 4, no. (2013), p. 1-5
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- Description: Cannabis is one of the most common illegal psychoactive substance used in European countries, in particular among adolescents and young adults (1). It has been estimated that almost 55% of adolescents aged 15–19 years have used cannabis at least once in their lifetime (2), while past year use is reported by approximately 30% of 15–17 year olds and over 47% of those aged 18–19 years (3). Cannabis use has been associated with several adverse life outcomes including unemployment, legal problems, dependence, early school leaving, increased risk of developing both psychotic and affective disorders (3, 4) together with brain structural and functional abnormalities (5, 6). An association between cannabis use, psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior has also frequently been reported, although the exact nature of this link is still poorly understood (4).
Associations between psychosocial well-being and the development of beneficial time perspectives
- Authors: Temple, Elizabeth
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Psychologica Vol. V1, no. 152 (2013), p. 72-87
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- Description: A growing body of research suggests that some time perspective orientations are more beneficial than others with regard to well-being. However, little is known about the factors affecting the development of these time perspectives. This gap in the research was addressed through two studies. Study 1 (N = 218; M = 29.8 years, SD = 11.45) identified ZTPI past positive (PP) as a beneficial time perspective and past negative (PN) as a detrimental time perspective. Structural equation modelling was then used in Study 2 (N = 443; M = 31.2 years, SD = 13.0) to develop two models of the associations between attachment orientation, basic psychological need satisfaction and PP and PN, respectively. While anxious and avoidant attachment orientation were associated with both PP and PN, the three basic psychological needs were differentially associated. The findings of these studies suggest the importance of early childhood care to the development of beneficial time perspectives.
Less is not always more: The case of the 36-item short form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
- Authors: McKay, Michael , Worrell, Frank , Temple, Elizabeth , Perry, John , Cole, Jon , Mello, Zena
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article , Short communication
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 72, no. (2015), p. 68-71
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- Description: Recently, a shortened version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPTI; Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) was proposed as a “gold standard” (Sircova et al., 2014, p. 9). In this study, we examined the internal consistency and structural validity of this version of the ZPTI in samples of adolescents from the United Kingdom (N = 913) and the United States (N = 815), and adults from Australia (N = 667). Results provided support for the internal consistency of ZPTI scores, but structural validity analyses indicated poor fit and numerous problematic items. The findings call into question the use of scores on this shortened version of the ZTPI.
A critical examination of the reliability and validity of the SZTPI-15 in British, American and Australian samples
- Authors: McKay, Michael , Worrell, Frank , Temple, Elizabeth , Perry, John , Cole, Jon
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 69, no. (October 2014 2014), p. 168-172
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- Description: As an individual difference variable assessing the extent to which attitudes towards past, present and future influence behavior, time perspective is a potentially useful construct. However, its development and utility has been compromised by measurement issues. Recently, a short form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the SZTPI-15 has been suggested to yield valid and reliable scores. Using three independent samples from America, Australia, and the United Kingdom, the present study tested the psychometric properties of SZPTI-15 scores. Confirmatory factor analyses did not support the 5-factor structure and internal consistency estimates for four of the subscales were low. Fit indices obtained from exploratory structural equation modeling were better, suggesting that permitting items to load on multiple factors improved model fit. Correlations with variables shown to be related to ZTPI factors broadly supported the concurrent validity of the SZTPI-15. Results suggest that further psychometric examination of SZTPI-15 scores is required.
- Description: C1
Commentary on van der Pol etal. (2014): Reconsidering the association between cannabis exposure and dependence
- Authors: Temple, Elizabeth
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Addiction Vol. 109, no. 7 (July 2014 2014), p. 1110-1111
- Full Text: false
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- Description: C1
A theoretical approach to resolving the psychometric problems associated with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory : Results from the USA, Australia, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom
- Authors: Worrell, Frank , Temple, Elizabeth , McKay, Michael , Zivkovic, Urska , Perry, John , Mello, Zena , Musil, Bojan , Cole, Jonathan
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Psychological Assessment Vol. 34, no. 1 (2018), p. 41-51
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI; Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) assesses five time-related constructs - Past Negative (PN), Past Positive (PP), Present Fatalistic (PF), Present Hedonistic (PF), and Future (F) - and is one of the most frequently used time measures in the extant literature. Versions of the ZTPI have been translated into a variety of languages, but the psychometric support for ZTPI scores remains contested. We examined the internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity of scores on a version of the ZTPI that consisted only of items that specifically referenced time constructs, the ZTPI-TP. Participants consisted of five samples of adolescents and adults from four countries: Australia (653 adults), Slovenia (425 adolescents and adults), the United Kingdom (913 adolescents; 455 adults), and the United States (815 adolescents). Structural validity analyses provided stronger support for ZTPI-TP scores than for ZTPI scores, and convergent validity evidence also provided support for ZTPI-TP scores. However, analyses revealed that the PF and PH factors were still problematic, especially with regard to factor coefficients and internal consistency estimates. We concluded that the ZTPI-TP can form the basis for a more robust version of the ZTPI.