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Age equality in education and training

Ageism and age discrimination in the labour market and employer responses

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Technical report
  • Relation: Older workers: Research readings. p. 46-63
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  • Description: Technical report
  • Description: This paper reviews what is known about employer attitudes, policies and practices in relation to the employment and retention of older workers. Age discrimination appears to play an important role in the labour market. Older and younger workers may be prevented from working entirely, or from progressing at work because of age-discriminatory policies and practices. These may be based on ageist attitudes and assumptions about an individual’s motivation, experience, abilities, skills or knowledge. Other influences can be transmitted via human resource management policies, company ethos and marketing.
  • Description: 2014100138

Bridging the grey divide : An international perspective on the ageing workforce and longer working lives

Review: agendas in researching ageing and work

Older workers: past, present and future

Introduction: older worker in an ageing society

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Older Workers in an Ageing Society: Critical topics in research and policy p. 1-16
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  • Description: This chapter briefly describes the changing position of older workers in labour markets. Working longer is high on the agenda of policymakers in most of the industrialized nations as they wish to minimize the 'burden' presented by the ageing of populations, namely the sustainability of pensions and healthcare systems, while there are also supposed threats to the labour supply as the 'Baby Boomers' retire and young labour market entrants are fewer. However, critical thinking on the issue of ageing and work has been lacking in current debates, in particular how policy objectives are to be achieved, at what cost, and in particular, what the role of employers and the risks for older people will be.

Sing if your glad to be grey. Working towards a happier older age in the United Kingdom

European union for older workers

Is early retirement history?

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Older Workers in a Sustainable Society Chapter 18 p. 225-233
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  • Description: A vast range of policymaking on age and work among most of the industrialised nations for more than a decade has been concerned with reversing the previous two decades' trend towards the early withdrawl of older people from the labour market. A slew of other policy announcements around issues of protracting the age of retirement can be expected in years to come as the ageing of the global population continues.

‘Falling between the cracks: Older women and organizational policy-making'

Ageing labour forces: promises and prospects

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2008
  • Type: Text , Book
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  • Description: This provocative book considers the changing status of older workers, the evolution of public policy on age and work and the behaviour of employers. It attempts to answer the critical question: In an ageing society, can older workers look forward to the prospect of longer working lives with choice and security and make successful transitions to retirement? "Ageing Labour Forces" challenges the current stance of many governments and observers concerning policies to extend working lives. It utilises perspectives and case studies from public policy, employment policy and the attitudes and behaviour of older people.Philip Taylor argues that older workers have been at the forefront of industrialized society's efforts to respond to the crisis facing social welfare systems and the economic threats associated with population ageing. Their involvement has forced the restructuring of economies, adjustments to social welfare systems as well as redefinitions to the actual concept of old age. Containing contributions from leading researchers in a number of countries, this work will appeal to academics and researchers interested in work, ageing and public policy as well as labour economics

Planning for an ageing workforce

The role of partial retirement in organizational policy making in Australia

Ageing and the labour market - A comparison of policy approaches

  • Authors: Frerichs, Frerich , Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2009
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Social Policy in Ageing Societies: Britain and Germany Compared p. 46-81
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  • Description: Both Germany and the UK are experiencing substantial ageing of their workforces and, simultaneously, their workforces are shrinking. At the same time it is important to note that older workers, particularly men, have been regarded by employers and policy makers as a reserve labour army in the past in both countries (Naegele and Walker, 2002a). Older workers have been confronted with numerous forms of direct and indirect discrimination in both the workplace and in the labour market in general. The result has been long-term unemployment and non-employment among older workers. Employment rates of older workers in both countries have declined dramatically over the past twenty years, although significant differences between the United Kingdom and Germany can be observed (Walker, 2002a). Low labour market participation rates are mainly due to early retirement schemes in Germany, which have been implemented in past decades (Naschold et aI., 1994; Ebbinghaus, 2001) and due to usage of occupational pension schemes, disability benefits as quasi-early retirement, early retirement schemes and discouragement from staying in work in the UK (Taylor and Walker, 1996; Taylor and Unwin, 1999). Although early exit pathways have been terminated or their scope limited and there is an increasing emphasis on prolonging working life, the legacy in terms of promoting negative views of older workers is persistent. [Introduction]

Reconceptualising work-retirement transitions: Critiques of the new retirement and bridge employment

  • Authors: Earl, Catherine , Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Ageing, Organisations and Management : Constructive Discourses and Critical Perspectives Chapter 15 p. 323-344
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  • Description: There is an extensive and growing research literature, particularly in the psychology and management disciplines, concerning ‘bridge employment’ which, it is argued, is increasingly occurring between the end of a career job and full retirement. However, this area is undertheorised and lacking a long view in terms of an appreciation of the wider literature concerned with work and retirement, in particular being informed by the political economy and lifecourse perspectives. Bridging the gap between work and retirement is of current concern as governments push out the ages at which people work and retire, with retirement, once considered the moral foundation of social welfare systems, being refashioned as a kind of unemployment. This chapter takes a critical stance on what we describe as the new retirement and the concept of bridge employment, questioning the motives for the emergence of the former and the latter’s utility for researchers and policymakers as a lens through which to view the evolution of work–retirement transitions.

Conclusions: the prospects of ageing labour forces

Working longer in a changing economy: will ageing populations mean ageing workforces?

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip , McLoughlin, Christopher
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Older Workers in an Ageing Society: Critical Topics in Research and Policy Chapter 15 p. 225-243
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  • Description: It would seem logical that ageing population would result in ageing work-forces. After a period when the attention of researchers was focused on the trend towards a shortening of working life (for example Kohli et al., 1991), there has been increasing attention in policy circles on examing pathways to work and on prolonging working lives among older workers. Recently, national government policymakers have been keen to promote company best practice examples but this ignores whether some industry sectors are more inclined to countenance older workforces than other. It is this issue that concerns this chapter. It begins by briefly summarizing public policy efforts in response to economic challenges resulting from population ageing, before going on to discuss the repsonse of employers, particularly as they wrestle with an increasingly complex and dynamic operating environment. It concludes by asking questions about the future place of older workers in the labour markets of the industrialized nations, and how they experience efforts to make them work longer.

Is Workplace flexibility good policy? Evaluating the efficacy of age management strategies for older women workers

  • Authors: Earl, Catherine , Taylor, Philip
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Work, aging and retirement Vol. 1, no. 2 (2015), p. 214-226
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  • Description: A combination of age and gender factors shape older women’s workplace experiences. Age advocacy groups, together with many academic commentators, argue in favor of workplace flexibility, pointing to benefits for both older workers and their employers. But knowledge about the policies of organizations and how they are enacted by managers is still rudimentary. What do managers understand flexibility to mean and how do they implement flexible working options? What are the perceived benefits and costs of flexibility for organizations and for older women workers? Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with 58 human resource managers, this article considers the provision of flexible working arrangements targeting older women in Australia within 3 industry sectors: financial services, public sector, and higher education. Interviews revealed a gap between policy and practice regarding the management of older women workers. We argue that the efficacy of line managers and their willingness to innovate are crucial in managing such workers and prolonging their working lives.

Recent public policy and Australian older workers

  • Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , McLoughlin, Christopher
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol. 51, no. 2 (2016), p. 229-247
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  • Description: This article considers the characteristics and utility of pro-work policies targeting Australian older workers that have emerged in the context of population ageing, amid concerns that this will lead to labour shortages and an increasing social welfare burden. There has been a recent surge in public policy regarding the ageing workforce, the efficacy of which has not been tested by evaluation studies. After considering the conceptual foundations and objectives of various government initiatives, it is argued that the present public policy approach may have serious flaws that are not only detrimental to the stated overall objective of prolonging working lives, but may, in fact, be harmful to older workers and fail to address the needs of business. This stems from programs reaching only a small proportion of those older people who would potentially benefit from assistance, and from misdirected effort aimed at encouraging behavioural change on the part of employers or industries. It is argued that there is a need for greater targeting of policy efforts on the actual needs of industry and for public policy itself to become more age-aware. S (Australian Bureau of Statistics), 2010, Older People and the Labour Market, Australia, 2010 S (Australian Bureau of Statistics), 2010, General Social Survey: Summary Results, Australia, 2010

Introduction: the promise of ageing labour forces