Depression anxiety stress scales-21 : Factor structure and test-retest invariance, and temporal stability and uniqueness of latent factors in older adults
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Summers, Mathew , Summers, Avril , Wolf, Anna , Summers, Jeff
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment Vol. 36, no. 2 (2014), p. 308-317
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- Description: This study examined the factor structure and test-retest invariance, and temporal stability and uniqueness of the latent factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) in group a of 269 older adults (age ranging from 60 to 85 years) from the general community. Participants completed the DASS-21 twice, 3 months apart. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of their ratings at Time 1 indicated support for the original 3-factor oblique model (factors for depression, anxiety, and stress). Additional analyses showed support for test-retest invariance for both the measurement (configural, metric and thresholds) and structural (variances and covariances) components of this model. Results also indicated temporal stability and uniqueness of the latent factors. The practical, theoretical, research and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.
Depression anxiety stress scales-21 : Measurement and structural invariance across ratings of men and women
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Summers, Mathew , Summers, Avril , Wolf, Anna , Summers, Jeff
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Assessment Vol. 21, no. 4 (2014), p. 418-426
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- Description: The current study examined the measurement and structural invariance of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) across ratings provided by men (N = 227) and women (N = 460). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported full metric invariance and intercepts invariance for 20 of the 21 items. Invariance for all item intercepts was supported by multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedure that controlled for the effects of age. Multiple-group CFA supported invariance for all factor variances and covariances. This procedure and the MIMIC analyses found equivalency for all latent mean scores. These findings indicate good support for measurement and structural invariance of the DASS-21 rating across men and women. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A randomised control trial of the cognitive effects of working in a seated as opposed to a standing position in office workers
- Authors: Russell, Bridget , Summers, Mathew , Tranent, Peter , Palmer, Matthew , Cooley, Dean , Pedersen, Scott
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ergonomics Vol. 59, no. 6 (2016), p. 737-744
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- Description: Sedentary behaviour is increasing and has been identified as a potential significant health risk, particularly for desk-based employees. The development of sit-stand workstations in the workplace is one approach to reduce sedentary behaviour. However, there is uncertainty about the effects of sit-stand workstations on cognitive functioning. A sample of 36 university staff participated in a within-subjects randomised control trial examining the effect of sitting vs. standing for one hour per day for five consecutive days on attention, information processing speed, short-term memory, working memory and task efficiency. The results of the study showed no statistically significant difference in cognitive performance or work efficiency between the sitting and standing conditions, with all effect sizes being small to very small (all ds < .2). This result suggests that the use of sit-stand workstations is not associated with a reduction in cognitive performance. Practitioner Summary: Although it has been reported that the use of sit-stand desks may help offset adverse health effects of prolonged sitting, there is scant evidence about changes in productivity. This randomised control study showed that there was no difference between sitting and standing for one hour on cognitive function or task efficiency in university staff. © 2015 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Effect of standing or walking at a workstation on cognitive function : A randomized counterbalanced trial
- Authors: Bantoft, Christina , Summers, Mathew , Tranent, Peter , Palmer, Matthew , Cooley, Dean , Pedersen, Scott
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Human Factors Vol. 58, no. 1 (2016), p. 140-149
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- Description: Objective: In the present study, we examined the effect of working while seated, while standing, or while walking on measures of short-term memory, working memory, selective and sustained attention, and information-processing speed. Background: The advent of computer-based technology has revolutionized the adult workplace, such that average adult full-time employees spend the majority of their working day seated. Prolonged sitting is associated with increasing obesity and chronic health conditions in children and adults. One possible intervention to reduce the negative health impacts of the modern office environment involves modifying the workplace to increase incidental activity and exercise during the workday. Although modifications, such as sit-stand desks, have been shown to improve physiological function, there is mixed information regarding the impact of such office modification on individual cognitive performance and thereby the efficiency of the work environment. Method: In a fully counterbalanced randomized control trial, we assessed the cognitive performance of 45 undergraduate students for up to a 1-hr period in each condition. Results: The results indicate that there is no significant change in the measures used to assess cognitive performance associated with working while seated, while standing, or while walking at low intensity. Conclusion: These results indicate that cognitive performance is not degraded with short-term use of alternate workstations. Copyright © 2015, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.