Factors affecting student's perception of ethical and moral behaviour: An empirical investigation of business schools in the United States and Australia
- Authors: Ashe, Carolyn , Hettihewa, Samanthala
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: National Social Science Journal Vol. 36, no. 1 (2011), p. 8-27
- Full Text: false
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- Description: It is imperative that business students are prepared to join the world‘s highly dynamic, technologically advanced 21st Century global workplace. Technological innovations have provided an effective transition into the new millennium, while rapid globalization has opened unprecedented risks and opportunities for the business sector. While transition is a major concern for most businesses as it relates to management, the global transformation has revealed that questionable business standards still exist. Scandals over the past decade include but are not limited to the following: Wall Street ethics (insider trading, leveraged buyouts); environmental issues (Con Edison); personal business ethics revealing theft at the highest levels of management (Madoff Investment, Allen Stanford, Lehman Brothers, Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), Adelphia Communications, AIG, Health South; kickbacks (Tyco); racial discrimination (Denny‘s and Texaco); sexual harassment (Mitsubishi); and general dishonesty (BP,Enron, WorldCom, Waste Management) have proven financially disastrous due to unethical behavior (Business Week, 2002; Wall Street Journal, 2003; Scharff, 2005; Cagle & Baucus, 2006; Grant & Visconti, 2006; Kaplan & Kiron, 2007; Heminway, J., 2007; Eccles,Newquist & Schatz, 2007; Aguilera,Vadera, 2008; Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, 2008; Bartkus & Glassman, 2008; Ernst & Young, 2008; Palmer, 2008; Business Roundtable: Institute for Corporate Ethics, 2009; Ethics Resource Center, 2009; Rahman, Burckel & Mustafa, 2009; Putnam & Nicotera, 2010). Unexpected to the public,the epoch and consequences of these activities have been exposed. Corporate earnings management is one of the most repeatedly examined issues in the business arena (Healy & Wahlen, 1999). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been a ―hot topic in the business world
- Description: 2003008942
Microcredit as a social innovation
- Authors: Ashta, Arvind , Dayson, Karl , Gera, Rajat , Hettihewa, Samanthala , Krishna, N.V. , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The International Handbook on Social innovation p. 80-93
- Full Text: false
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Ethical management practice in Australia
- Authors: Batten, Jonathan A. , Hettihewa, Samanthala , Mellor, Robert
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Global Business Review Vol. 9, no. 1 (2008), p. 1-18
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This article replicates an earlier study on Australian ethical management practice by Batten et al. (1997) using an identical set of variables and methodology. While differences in the samples of the two studies limit the generalizability of the new findings this study confirms the presence of significant cross-sectional variation in ethical management practice. Overall, much still needs to be done in order for firms to comply with recent industry best practice recommendations.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003006155
Characteristics of small firm managers : Evidence from Sri Lanka
- Authors: Batten, Jonathan A. , Hettihewa, Samanthala
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Economic globalization in Asia Chapter p. 248-260
- Full Text: false
- Description: 2003007174
Risk management and derivatives use in Australian Firms
- Authors: Batten, Jonathan A. , Hettihewa, Samanthala
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Asia Business Studies Vol. 1, no. 2 (2007), p. 37-44
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Country-specific information on risk management is increasingly important, not only for investors and decision makers in international markets but also, for those in national and regional markets. This study reports the results of a cross-sectional survey of risk management practice and derivatives use by a sample of Australian firms. Overall, the results suggest that firm-specific factors appear to have some influence on risk management practice with the industry of the respondent being the most important, while the degree of international exposure has the least. Larger and more internationally exposed firms are likely to have more frequent reporting of derivatives use, and are more likely to use swaps and options to manage risks than other types of firms. Issues and implications for international firms are discussed
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003007177
The impact of macroeconomic variable and demographic structure on share prices - The case of New Zealand
- Authors: Harrison, Robin , Hettihewa, Samanthala
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 37th Annual Conference of Economists, Gold Coast, Queensland : 30th September - 4th October 2008
- Full Text: false
- Description: This paper uses quarterly time series data to investigate the impact on New Zealand share prices (from 1990 to 2006) of macroeconomic variables and demography. Following from Poterba (2001), real GDP, interest rates, inflation and the housing price are used in the model. Co-integration and Error-Correction mechanisms show the specified models to be robust, the variables under study are co-integrated and long-run relationships are defined between variables. During the 16 year review period, NZ share prices were significantly affected by demography – in particular, numbers in the 45-65 age category. The findings of this study are significant and important – this is the first attempt to quantify the impact of demographic changes (e.g. baby boomers) on share prices in New Zealand. High growth in the NZ share market, its growing integration with the global economy make it an important part of the rapidly growing Asia-Pacific region and increase the importance of this study in providing essential information for policy makers, global investors and financial institutions.
Relationship between firm management and the ethical practice
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Batten, Jonathan A.
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Corporate Citizenship Vol. 22, no. Summer (2006), p. 27-37
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This paper analyses the results of a survey of large Australian firms to determine (a) the scale and scope of ethical practices in the firm; and (b) the relationship between the different types of firm manager and the firm's ethical practices. The results suggest that whether or not a firm follows a written code of ethics appears to be strongly related to the age category of the senior manager. The level of education and the employment background of the senior manager do not seem to be related to whether the firm has a written code or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003007180
Socio-economic differences and deployment of the LDC micro-finance bottom-up approach in DCs
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations Vol. 8, no. 2 (2010), p. 41-53
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Microfinance (MF), after showing great success in poverty-relief in less-developed countries (LDCs), is experiencing rapid growth and interest in developed countries (DCs). However, current DC MF literature gives the impression that survival concerns are diverting DC MF from its original poverty-relief intent. As e-technology evolves, further threats and opportunities are created for MF by changing cost structures and relationships. This study uses descriptive analysis to infer that DC MF needs redesigning for DC socio-economic conditions or it will continue gaining a reputation of being too poorly focused, ineffective, and ineffcient for use in DCs. After showing that LDC poverty is harsher than DC poverty, this paper reviews current-performance concerns of DC M F, links those issues with the effect of regulatory and other socio-economic factors on micro-enterprise, discusses how MF can relieve poverty in DCs, and concludes that MF needs refocusing before DCs investing in further developing/adapting MF infrastructure. © 2010, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
Financial, gender, and continuity issues in regional small business: Management and policy implications derived from Canadian and New Zealand survey evidence
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Management Policy and Practice Vol. 11, no. 4 (2010), p. 29-46
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Globalization and urbanization are making the employment-and-wealth-distribution roles of regional small businesses (SBs) increasingly important to regional-socio-economic-and-political stability. This study in contrasting the outcomes of a survey of 220 regional SBs in Canada and New Zealand (NZ) found that: regional SB continuity is significantly higher than commonly presumed; tax-and-life-style differences may have skewed continuity in NZ SBs; female NZ SB entrepreneurs tend to have under half the sales of their male counterparts (a relationship not found in Canada); SB entrepreneurs are slow in adopting the internet for marketing. These findings should interest policy makers, creditors, and the general business community.
Microfinance programs in developed countries: An appraisal of the Australian, Canadian and US experience
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Oman 2011 international business conference
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Micro-Finance (MF) is popular as a cost-effective means to reduce poverty by enhancing the access to financial services of fmancially-disadvantaged individuals and families. While its roots extend back to (at least) 136ICE, MF's common popularity occurred after the Grameen Bank introduced programs to Bangladesh, in the mid-1970s. The popularity and much-acclaimed successes of MF in less developed countries (LDCs) encouraged the implementation of MF programs in developed countries (DCs). However, after some initial success, DC MF programs tend to founder in a morass of financial and operating issues that centre on those programs having to provide much larger loans and far more entrepreneurial support than what is normally required in LDCs. An exploratory descriptive-analysis methodology is used in this study to review and assess the history and dynamics of MF programs in DCs with the intent of identifying patterns and trends in those programs. It appears that in responding to sustainability (a widely identified key issue), many DC MF institutions are shifting from the MF core ideal (of assisting society's most financial vulnerable) and are refocusing on facilitating the entrepreneurial aspirations of the working poor. The study suggests that this refocus may achieve sustainability, but at the cost of further disadvantaging the original intended-DC-MF beneficiaries. Recommendations in this study include: the use of macro-economic axioms to study MF programs and their constituent communities and that (to ensure that their programs add value) MF programs should measure their outcomes and impacts in terms of communities, rather than by individuals.
- Description: E1
Money, value, and accounting in the 21st century
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Global Accounting and Organisational Change Conference
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper is a speculative discussion on the accounting foundation principles of cost equals value and money is the basic unit of measure for value. Over the last 10 millennia, the social institution of accounting has created value by facilitating the flow of information and the formation of trust between those with wealth and those claiming to be to put that wealth to its best use. While the form and function of money changed and evolved many times, Accounting has for thousands of years given money place-of-pride in measuring value. The contribution of this study is in its warning, to accounting, that continuing double exponential growth in incomes may cause what money currently measures to be an increasingly poor proxy for society's evolving sense of value. If that occurs and if accounting fails to evolve apace with the society it serves, it risks becoming socially irrelevant. Thus, it may be prudent for accounting theorists to join the budding debate on the nature of money and value.
- Description: E1
Microfinance from LDCs to DCs: Are socio-economic differences important?
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advanced technologies for microfinance p. 283-301
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Microfinance (MF) has demonstrated great success in poverty-relief in less-developed countries (LDCs) and is experiencing rapid growth and interest in developed countries (DCs). However, the current literature on DC MF leaves a general impression that DC MF is failing and its original core intent of poverty relief is being diluted by survival concerns. Descriptive analysis is used in this chapter to infer that DC MF must be redesigned to meet DC socio-economic conditions, if it is to avoid a reputation of being too poorly focused, ineffective, and inefficient for use in DCs. After demonstrating that poverty in LDCs is harsher than in DCs, this chapter reviews current-performance concerns of DC MF, discusses how it can still effectively relieve poverty in DCs, examines how regulatory and other socio-economic factors affect micro-enterprise, and concludes that MF should be refocused before DCs commit to further developing/adapting MF infrastructure
- Description: 2003008943
The social performance, consequences and costs of microfinance: A macro perspective
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 3rd International Conference on Institutional and Technological Environment for Microfinance - Cost Management & Social Performance in Microfinance
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: E1
Does an aging population influence stock markets? Evidence from New Zealand
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Saha, Shrabani , Zhang, Hanxiong
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Economic Modelling Vol. 75, no. (2018), p. 142-158
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The effect of the aging baby-boom-cohort on asset values is extensively studied. While that effect varies by country, there are likely to be commonalities. Thus, research on a relatively small advanced open economy like New Zealand can provide insight into the general effect. In this study monthly data from 1991 to 2017 is used to examine how aging population in New Zealand affects its stock market considering key demographic and non-demographic macroeconomic variables and a new focus on fast-and-slow-moving institutional change. The results suggest that the net effect of an aging population on stock markets is insignificant. However, real GDP and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) show a positive relationship with the stock market. The findings reveal that FPI can mitigate possible negative effects from aging in an open economy. Moreover, the policy implications of the study suggest that international-factor mobility, skilled-migration policies, and technology-based productivity growth can boost stock markets.
An inquiry into the relationship of wealth/income and demographics to HIV/AIDS: The case of Kenya
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher , Mukulu, Sandra
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 15th International Business Research Conference Sydney 21st-23rd November, 2011 p. 1-19
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- Description: This paper uses quantitative and qualitative analyses to study the influence of socio-economic factors on the HIV/AIDS epidemic with the intent of providing insight on policies to mitigate that epidemic. After a brief synopsis of poverty and AIDS in Africa, this paper outlines key research questions, and reviews their treatment in the literature. Using published data from 6,350 individuals (drawn from the Kenya Demographic Survey of 37,000), a number of behavioural choices are analysed. Income, wealth level, occupations and location are considered under other variables. While the analysis suggests that poverty does not predispose people to HIV/AIDS, it did strongly indicate that AIDS can precipitate poverty. These findings provide insight as to how the spread of AIDS can be mitigated in Kenya and Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Description: 2003009452
Globlization, demography, history and the Australian investor
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 37th Annual Conference of Economists, Gold Coast, Queensland : 30th September - 4th October 2008
- Full Text: false
- Description: Ever seeking to increase returns at a given or lower risk levels , investors are finding that globalization and market integration are making it more difficult to achieve their targets by diversifying their portfolios across nations. Australia moved from being a poor investment prospect in the last third of the 20th Century to becoming fourth in world competitiveness. In contrast, the New Zealand economy has become ever more dependent on volatile agricultural commodities and faces serious infrastructure issues that may hinder its efforts to enhance or even retain its competitiveness. This paper projects from the recent history of the Australian and New Zealand economies to consider how they are likely to fare in resolving the early 21st Century challenges of globalization and demography and asks if Australian investors should consider investing closer to home.
- Description: 2003006644
A review of dominant and emerging issues in corporate earnings management
- Authors: Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Southern Business Review Vol. 35, no. 1 (2010), p. 15-36
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The form and means of corporate earnings management (CEM) have evolved and become ever more sophisticated; however, in substance, CEM remains the misinforming of the users of an organization's financial statements, via the strategic abuse of timing, reorganizing, reclassifying, and/ or omitting of material information. Thus, even though CEM rarely involves outright deception, it is a fundamental breach of trust. As such, CEM is immensely damaging to the primary role of financial statements (i.e., the creation and/ or maintenance of informed trust between organizations and their key stakeholders) .
Firm valuation in Australia's junior mining sector: Issues and fundamentals in a descriptive analysis
- Authors: Iddon, Casey , Hettihewa, Samanthala
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 22nd Asian-Pacific Conference on International Accounting Issues
- Full Text: false
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Value relevance of accounting and other variables in the junior-mining sector
- Authors: Iddon, Casey , Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal Vol. 9, no. 1 (2015), p. 25-42
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- Description: Unique fundamentals and severe uncertainty in the junior-mining-sector (JMS) make valuing JMS ventures problematic. However, potentially enormous returns draw many investors into the JMS. While financial-instrument-pricing theory suggests that accounting values/ratios should have little influence on JMS-firm outcomes, this study's simple OLS and Panel-data findings show strong correlation between those variables and JMS-firm-share prices. After discounting market failure, it is conjectured that JMS nonfinancial factors, share prices and accounting values are co-determined in a simultaneous relationship that is obscurely linked to outcomes. The notions uncovered in this study should greatly interest academics and business sector participants. © 2015 Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal and Authors.
Junior Mining Sector capital-raisings: The effects of information asymmetry and uncertainity issues
- Authors: Iddon, Casey , Hettihewa, Samanthala , Wright, Christopher
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Applied Business and Economics Vol. 15, no. 3 (2013), p. 56-67
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: While prospecting by junior mining companies (JMCs) is a vital contributor to modern wealth creation, attributes of the junior mining sector (JMS) limit JMC-fund raisings to external equity (shares). In considering responses by JMC principals to deep discounting and other JMC-investor strategies, potential responses were found to: increase returns to principals, increase JMS moral-hazard issues, and further deepen price discounts on JMC share offerings, especially IPOs. It is suggested that the attractiveness and moral-hazard consequences of these potential responses can be greatly diminished if mining-tenement fees are raised and JMC prospecting costs are allowed as an offset against those fees