Mixed martial arts - MMA
- Authors: James, Lachlan , Bartholomew, Brett , Haff, Gregory , Kelly, Vincent
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Routledge handbook of strength and conditioning : sport-specific programming for high performance p. 333-358
- Full Text: false
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Changes in lower body muscular performance following a season of NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse
- Authors: Talpey, Scott , Axtell, Robert , Gardner, Elizabeth , James, Lachlan
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sports Vol. 7, no. 1 (2019), p. 1-12
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- Description: The tactical and technical components of training become a primary emphasis, leaving less time for targeted development of physical qualities that underpin performance during the competition phase of a training program. A deemphasis on physical preparation during the in-season training phase may make athletes more susceptible to injury and decrease performance on the field. Two weeks prior to the start and one week following the conclusion of the 16-week collegiate lacrosse season, lower body force production was assessed in eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Men's Lacrosse athletes. Lower body force production capabilities were determined via the performance of countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ) performed on a force plate and isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups across three velocities. Isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio were maintained or increased over the course of the competition phase of training. Relative peak force obtained from the CMJ and the reactive strength index from the DJ decreased significantly over the season. The maintenance of isokinetic strength and the decrease in CMJ and DJ performance may indicate the presence of neuromuscular fatigue that accumulated over the course of the season.
Influence of power clean ability and training age on adaptations to weightlifting-style training
- Authors: James, Lachlan , Comfort, Paul , Suchomel, Timothy , Kelly, Vincent , Beckman, Emma , Haff, Gregory
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 33, no. 11 (Nov 2019), p. 2936-2944
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether weightlifting actions are a viable method for improving athletic performance among weaker, inexperienced lifters when compared with individuals with a greater power clean (PC) result, and hence weightlifting ability and experience. Two groups of males with distinctly different PC performances (higher performance [HP]: N = 8; body mass [BM] = 78.1 +/- 4.0 kg; 1 repetition maximum [1RM] PC = 1.08 +/- 0.09 kg.BM-1; lower performance [LP]: N = 8; BM = 82.6 +/- 14.0 kg; 1RM PC = 0.78 +/- 0.1 kg.BM-1) and resistance training age (HP: resistance training experience = 3.5 +/- 1.2 years; LP: resistance training experience = 1.44 +/- 1.50 years) undertook 10 weeks of training involving weightlifting derivatives, in addition to supplemental ballistic and plyometric exercises. Testing of athletic performance (represented by measures derived from the countermovement jump) occurred at baseline, after 5 weeks of training, and after 10 weeks of training. Both groups significantly improved across the majority of outcome variables after training (Hedges' g = 0.98-2.55, p <= 0.01-0.05). Only the HP participants experienced significant changes at midtest (g = 0.99-1.27, p <= 0.01-0.05), whereas no significant changes were revealed between midtest and posttest in this group. In contrast to this, the LP participants displayed a significant improvement in relative impulse (g = 1.39, p < 0.01) and rate of force development (g = 1.91, p < 0.01) during this final period (p < 0.01). As weaker, inexperienced lifters underwent a significant and meaningful enhancement in maximal neuromuscular measures after weightlifting derivative-focused training, practitioners should consider early implementation of such exercises. However, it is important for coaches to note that a delayed training effect might be present in weaker, less experienced lifters.
The impact of strength level on adaptations to combined weightlifting, plyometric, and ballistic training
- Authors: James, Lachlan , Haff, Gregory , Vincent, Kelly , Connick, Mark , Hoffman, Ben , Beckman, Emma
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports Vol. 28, no. 5 (2018), p. 1494-1505
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- Description: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the magnitude of adaptation to integrated ballistic training is influenced by initial strength level. Such information is needed to inform resistance training guidelines for both higher-and lower-level athlete populations. To this end, two groups of distinctly different strength levels (stronger: one-repetition-maximum (1RM) squat = 2.01 ± 0.15 kg·BM
Sprinting and hamstring strain injury : beliefs and practices of professional physical performance coaches in Australian football
- Authors: Freeman, Brock , Talpey, Scott , James, Lachlan , Young, Warren
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy in Sport Vol. 48, no. (2021), p. 12-19
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- Description: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish beliefs and practices of physical performance coaches regarding sprinting and Hamstring Strain Injury (HSI) in Australian Rules football. Designs: Delphi-validated questionnaire. Setting: Online. Participants: Eighteen high-performance managers of the Australian Football League. Main outcome measures: Descriptive statistics were collected to establish experience; central themes were established for the analyses of the beliefs and practices. Results: Nine (50%) physical performance coaches responded to an invitation to complete the questionnaire. Participants held an undergraduate degree and had 9.2 ± 4.3 years of experience. Accelerations (n = 9), maximum speed sprints (n = 9) and running with hip flexion (n = 7) were the most common activities associated with HSI. Coaches believed sprinting, eccentric strength training and proper periodisation were effective strategies to reduce HSI risk. There's a disparity between beliefs and practices when using GPS to monitor sprinting, however, all coaches reported regular exposure to sprint training across both pre and in-season. Overstriding (n = 9) and pelvic instability (n = 6) were identified as key flaws in running mechanics. Conclusions: This information can be used to improve training strategies, whilst these findings indicate further investigations into sprint training and running mechanics for HSI risk reduction. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Considerations in the development of a postgraduate strength and conditioning program : insights From Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand
- Authors: James, Lachlan , Lidums, Maris , Grant, Mary , Talpey, Scott , Comfort, Paul , Suchomel, Timothy , Gastin, Paul , Driller, Matthew
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Strength and Conditioning Journal Vol. 43, no. 5 (Oct 2021), p. 116-122
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- Description: Aspiring and established strength and conditioning professionals are increasingly seeking opportunities to further their knowledge to gain a competitive advantage within the highly competitive profession. Postgraduate degree programs in the discipline are therefore becoming a popular option for academic institutions to meet the demands of the workforce and marketplace. The purpose of this article is to bring together experienced practitioners and applied academics to offer considerations for the prospective strength and conditioning postgraduate student. Furthermore, this piece can be considered by academics that are responsible for the development of such programs. Future students are encouraged to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses, current and intended career trajectory, and work-life circumstances. Students' needs and wants, industry demands, and teaching and learning processes must be well understood by academics responsible for developing these programs. Finally, factors such as coursework and research content, authentic teaching and learning tasks, professional practice, and accreditation requirements represent key considerations of a successful postgraduate strength and conditioning program.
Strength classification and diagnosis : not all strength is created equal
- Authors: James, Lachlan , Talpey, Scott , Young, Warren , Geneau, Mary , Newton, Robert , Gastin, Paul
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Strength and Conditioning Journal Vol. 45, no. 3 (2023), p. 333-341
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Maximal force can be expressed across a range of conditions influenced by the external load and the time available to express force. As a result, several distinct and specific strength qualities exist. Conversely, some expressions of maximal force are similar and can be categorized as a single quality. Therefore, strength assessment systems must be sophisticated enough to isolate and measure each quality while minimizing redundant information. This article presents a contemporary, evidence-based and practical framework that reduces the many strength and speed-strength metrics into 5 distinct qualities. Alongside this, we present case examples of the application of strength diagnosis. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
Common high-speed running thresholds likely do not correspond to high-speed running in field sports
- Authors: Freeman, Brock , Talpey, Scott , James, Lachlan , Opar, David , Young, Warren
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 37, no. 7 (2023), p. 1411-1418
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The purpose of this study was to clarify what percentage of maximum speed is associated with various running gaits. Fifteen amateur field sport athletes (age = 23 ± 3.6 years) participated in a series of 55-meter running trials. The speed of each trial was determined by instructions relating to 5 previously identified gait patterns (jog, run, stride, near maximum sprint, and sprint). Each trial was filmed in slow motion (240 fps), whereas running speed was obtained using Global Positioning Systems. Contact time, stride angle, and midstance free-leg knee angle were determined from video footage. Running gaits corresponded with the following running speeds, jogging = 4.51 m·s-1, 56%Vmax, running = 5.41 m·s-1, 66%Vmax,striding = 6.37 m·s-1, 78%Vmax, near maximum sprinting = 7.08 m·s-1, 87%Vmax, and sprinting = 8.15 m·s-1, 100%Vmax. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in stride angle were observed as running speed increased. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases were observed in contact time and midstance free-leg knee angle as running speed increased. These findings suggest currently used thresholds for high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting most likely correspond with jogging and striding, which likely underestimates the true HSR demands. Therefore, a higher relative speed could be used to describe HSR and sprinting more accurately in field sports. © 2023 NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association. All rights reserved.