The effect of yoga on the state anxiety and mood state of athletes
- Authors: Timmermans, Chad , Spittle, Michael , Plaisted, Vicki
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at XIth European Congress of Sport Psychology, Copenhagen, Denmark : 22nd-27th July 2003
- Full Text: false
- Description: Introduction: This study examined the effect of yoga on the state anxiety and mood states of athletes. Yoga has long been practised by athletes but its influence on the mood state of athletes has not been empirically examined. Method: Participants were 15 female netball players, aged between 18 and 27 years (M = 20.97, SD = 3.09) who completed the Abbreviated Profile of Mood States (APOMS) and the state anxiety inventory (A-State) before and after each of six yoga or strength and conditioning sessions completed one night per week. Participants acted as their own controls with all participants completing both treatments. The main hypothesis was that yoga participants would report significantly greater changes in mood state and state anxiety than strength and conditioning participants. Results: A One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) indicated that yoga sessions had significantly greater pre to post test change on overall mood state and state anxiety compared to strength and conditioning sessions. In addition, on the subscales of the APOMS, yoga produced significantly greater pre to post test decreases on confusion and tension than strength and conditioning. Conclusion: Results support the use of yoga to positively enhance mood state and decrease state anxiety in athlete populations.Implications for coaches and athletes are discussed including the potential use of alternative and holistic training methods for the management of mood and anxiety. Future research directions are also discussed including investigating alternative approaches to the management of mood and anxiety in athletes and further investigation into the components of yoga.
- Description: 2003003782
Anxiety and depression among long-term survivors of cancer in Australia : Results of a population-based survey
- Authors: Couper, Jeremy , Love, Anthony , Pollard, Annabel , Bloch, Sidney
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 191, no. 5 (2009), p. 294-295
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
The relative contributions of negative cognitions and self-efficacy to severity of panic attacks in panic disorder
- Authors: Richards, Jeffrey , Pier, Ciaran
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Behaviour Change Vol. 19, no. 2 (2002), p. 102-111
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which fearful and catastrophic cognitions, and self-efficacy for managing panic predicted various panic attack characteristics in panic disorder. The cognitive variables consisted of anxiety sensitivity, the frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions and measures of catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms. The panic parameters were number and severity of panic symptoms, distress associated with panic attacks, worry about future panics, duration of panic disorder, and life interference due to panic disorder. These variables were measured in 40 people with panic disorder, 31 of whom also had significant agoraphobia. The frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions was the strongest predictor of panic attack symptomatology, predicting number of symptoms, symptom severity and degree of anticipatory fear of panic. Catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms and anxiety sensitivity did not independently predict any panic parameters. Only self-efficacy for managing the rapid build-up of panic symptoms was specifically related to panic severity. The results therefore suggest that cognitive behaviour therapy for panic symptoms in panic disorder should reduce fearful cognitions rather than focus on panic coping strategies. The results offer little support for the contribution of the expectancy or catastrophic misinterpretation theories to the maintenance of panic disorder.
- Description: 2003000074
The relationship between attachment style, anxiety sensitivity and interpretive bias among adolescent nonclinical panickers
- Authors: Austin, David , Jamieson, Rachel , Richards, Jeffrey , Winkelman, John
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Behaviour Change Vol. 23, no. 1 (2006), p. 31-41
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Elevated anxiety sensitivity and the tendency to catastrophically misinterpret ambiguous bodily sensations has been demonstrated in people who experience nonclinical levels of panic (Richards, Austin, & Alvarenga, 2001), and anxiety sensitivity has been shown to be associated with insecure attachment in adolescents and young adults (Weems, Berman, Silverman, & Saavedra, 2001). This study investigated the relationship between attachment style, anxiety sensitivity and catastrophic misinterpretation among 11 nonclinical panickers and 58 nonanxious controls aged 18 to 19 years. Participants completed the Brief Bodily Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire (BBSIQ), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and an attachment questionnaire. The hypothesis that insecurely attached individuals would demonstrate greater catastrophic misinterpretation and higher anxiety sensitivity than securely attached individuals was not supported; however, nonclinical panickers gave more anxiety-related interpretations of ambiguous internal stimuli than nonanxious controls. Results do not support the notion that attachment style is related to anxiety sensitivity or catastrophic misinterpretation (regardless of panic experience). Results do, however, support the notion that anxiety-related misinterpretation of ambiguous somatic sensations precedes the onset of panic disorder.
- Description: C1
“I did not ‘choke’!” : Introducing a preliminary self-presentation model of “choking” in sport
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 43rd Annual Conference of the Australian Psychological Society, Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart, Tasmania : 23rd-26th September 2008 p. 219-223
- Full Text: false
- Description: Based on recently proposed definitions, “choking under pressure” (i.e., choking) is defined as a critical deterioration in the execution of habitual processes as a result of an elevation in anxiety levels under perceived pressure, leading to substandard performance. Researchers have provided descriptive choking models (i.e., self-focus and distraction models) with the self-focus model receiving the most empirical support, however, no one has offered explanatory models that may answer the question “why does choking occur?” Thus, the present paper is an amalgamation of three interconnected studies that, in part, examined the psychological characteristics of “choking-susceptible” athletes using qualitative interviews, which helped to develop an explanatory model of choking. A total of 174 experienced athletes completed three psychological inventories to purposively sample 14 choking-susceptible athletes who participated in a series of single-case designs that included both low- and high-pressure phases. After the experimental phase, participants were interviewed about their experience and content analyses were conducted. Common choking-related themes were increased public self-awareness, fear of evaluation/failure, and self-monitoring techniques. Further qualitative cross-case analyses provided evidence for a preliminary self-presentation model of choking that link public self-awareness, anxiety, and conveying a positive self-presentation, which will be discussed.
- Description: 2003006464
The role of coping, anxiety, and stress in depression post-acute coronary syndrome
- Authors: Di Benedetto, Mirella , Lindner, Helen , Hare, David , Kent, Stephen
- Date: 2007
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Psychology, Health and Medicine Vol. 12, no. 4 (2007), p. 460-469
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Depressive symptoms are common and can affect prognosis following acute coronary symdromes (ACS). This study examined the psychological factors, coping, anxiety, and perceived stress associated with depression, following ACS. Psychological variables were assessed in 15 females and 66 males (M=57 years, SD = 12). Repeated measures at 2, 12, and 24 weeks post-ACS compared depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and coping resources as determined by the Cardiac Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Coping Resources Inventory. Depression, anxiety, and perceived stress remained high in the depressed group across time. Coping scores at 2 weeks post-ACS predicted depression scores at 24 weeks post-ACS. It appears that trait anxiety and coping resources are related to depressive symptoms post-ACS.
- Description: 2003005780
Psychological morbidity and quality of life in women with advanced breast cancer : A cross-sectional survey
- Authors: Grabsch, Brenda , Clarke, David , Love, Anthony , McKenzie, Dean , Snyder, Raymond , Bloch, Sidney , Smith, Graeme , Kissane, David
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Palliative & Supportive Care Vol. 4, no. 1 (2006), p. 47-56
- Full Text: false
- Description: Objective: Our purpose was to determine the frequency of psychiatric morbidity and to assess the quality of life of women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The 227 women in the sample were recruited in Melbourne, Australia, and were interviewed (prior to intervention) for a randomized controlled trial of supportive-expressive group therapy. The main outcome measures were DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses plus quality of life data based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 (core) and QLQ-BR23 (breast module) instruments. Results: Forty-two percent of the women (97/227) had a psychiatric disorder; 35.7% (81) of these had depression or anxiety or both. Specific diagnoses were minor depression in 58 women (25.6%), major depression in 16 (7%), anxiety disorder in 14 (6.2%), and phobic disorder in 9 (4%). Seventeen (7.5%) women had more than one disorder. In terms of quality of life, one-third felt less attractive, one-quarter were dissatisfied with their body image, and, in most, sexual interest had waned. Menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes affected less than one-third, whereas symptoms of lymphedema were experienced by 26 (11.5%). Significance: Women with advanced breast cancer have high rates of psychiatric and psychological disturbance. Quality of life is substantially affected. Clinicians need to be vigilant in monitoring psychological adjustment as part of a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach.
- Description: 2003007264
Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Therapist-Guided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Older Adults With Symptoms of Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Authors: Dear, Blake , Zou, Judy , Ali, Shehzad , Lorian, Carolyn , Johnston, Luke , Sheehan, Joanne , Staples, Lauren , Gandy, Milena , Fogliati, Vincent , Klein, Britt , Titov, Nickolai
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Behavior Therapy Vol. 46, no. 2 (2015), p. 206-217
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is preliminary support for internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) as a way of improving access to treatment among older adults with anxiety. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to examine the efficacy, long-term outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of an iCBT program for adults over 60. years of age with anxiety. Successful applicants were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (n= 35) or the waitlist control group (n= 37). The online treatment course was delivered over 8. weeks and provided with brief weekly contact with a clinical psychologist via telephone or secure email. Eighty-four percent of participants completed the iCBT course within the 8. weeks and 90% provided data at posttreatment. Significantly lower scores on measures of anxiety (Cohen's d=. 1.43; 95% CI: 0.89 - 1.93) and depression (Cohen's d=. 1.79; 95% CI: 1.21 - 2.32) were found among the treatment group compared to the control group at posttreatment. These lower scores were maintained at 3-month and 12-month follow-up and the treatment group rated the iCBT treatment as acceptable. The treatment group had slightly higher costs ($92.2; 95% CI: $38.7 to $149.2) and Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs. =. 0.010; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.018) than the control group at posttreatment and the intervention was found to have a greater than 95% probability of being cost-effective. The results support iCBT as an efficacious and cost-effective treatment option for older adults with symptoms of anxiety. © 2014 Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.
Examining self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression: Two feasibility open trials
- Authors: Dear, Blake , Zou, Judy , Ali, Shehzad , Lorian, Carolyn , Johnston, Luke , Terides, Matthew , Staples, Lauren , Gandy, Milena , Fogliati, Vincent , Klein, Britt , Titov, Nickolai
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Internet Interventions Vol. 2, no. (2015), p. 17-23
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) has considerable public health potential for treating anxiety and depression. However, no research has examined the use of self-guided iCBT, that is, treatment without contact with a clinician, specifically for older adults. The aim of the present study was to undertake a preliminary examination of the acceptability, efficacy and health economic impact of two entirely self-guided iCBT programs for adults over 60. years of age with anxiety and depression. Two separate single-group feasibility open trials of self-guided iCBT were conducted, the Anxiety Trial (n. =. 27) and the Depression Trial (n. =. 20), using the control groups of two randomized controlled trials. The online treatment packages consisted of five online educational lessons, which were delivered over 8. weeks without clinical contact. Participants rated the interventions as acceptable with more than 90% reporting the course was worth their time and more than 70% of participants completing at least 3 of the 5 lessons within the eight weeks. Significant reductions on measures of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item; GAD-7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item; PHQ-9) were observed from pre-treatment to post-treatment in both the Anxiety Trial (GAD-7 Cohen's d=. 1.17; 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.75) and the Depression Trial (PHQ-9 Cohen's d=. 1.06; 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.73). The economic analyses indicated that there was statistically significant improvement in health-related quality of life compared to baseline and marginally higher costs associated with treatment for both the Anxiety Trial ($69.84; 95% CI: $4.24 to $135.45) and the Depression Trial ($54.98; 95% CI: $3.84 to $106.12). The results provide preliminary support for the potential of entirely self-guided iCBT for older adults with anxiety and depression and indicate larger scale and controlled research trials are warranted.
Cybersickness and anxiety during simulated motion : Implications for VRET
- Authors: Bruck, Susan , Watters, Paul
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cyberpsychology & Behavior Vol. 12, no. 5 (2009), p. 593
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Alleviating choking : The sounds of distraction
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Marchant, Daryl , Morris, Tony
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology Vol. 21, no. 2 (2009), p. 131-147
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Choking is defined as a critical deterioration in the execution of habitual processes as a result of an elevation in anxiety levels under perceived pressure, leading to substandard performance. In the current study, music was used in a dual-task paradigm to facilitate performance under pressure. Three choking-susceptible experienced female basketball players were purposively sampled from 41 screened players. Participants completed 240 basketball free throws in a single-case A1-B1-A2-B2 design (A phases = low-pressure and B phases = high-pressure), with the music intervention occurring during the B2 phase. Following completion of the phases, an interview was conducted to examine perceptions of choking and cognitions associated with the effects of the music lyrics. Participants improved performance in the B2 phase, and explained that choking resulted from an increase in public self-awareness (S-A). The music intervention decreased S-A, and enabled participants to minimize explicit monitoring of execution and reduce general distractibility.
Competitive pressure and decision-making accuracy in a video-based simulation of soccer
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Spittle, Michael , McNeil, Dominic
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 43rd Annual Conference of the Australian Psychological Society, Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart, Tasmania : 23rd-26th September 2008
- Full Text: false
- Description: Perceptual-cognitive skills and decision-making in sport have typically been explored using videobased protocols in settings where participants are not exposed to the type of competitive pressures that characterise a game situation. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the influence of competitive pressure, or competitive anxiety, on decision-making accuracy. Seventy-seven (Male=44, Female=33) undergraduate students with mean age of 20.16 years (SD = 3.18) were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=56) or control group (n=21) and completed a video–based perceptual decision-making test of 25 temporally occluded offensive soccer plays. Participants in the experimental group completed the test with and without competitive pressure conditions. Pressure was manipulated by introducing a competition for a monetary prize. Participants in the control condition completed the test twice without competition. All participants completed a state anxiety measure prior to each test. The competition produced significantly higher cognitive anxiety than no competition; however, this was not reflected in any significant differences in decisionmaking accuracy. Although not statistically significant, more experienced performers tended to score more accurately with competitive pressure.
- Description: 2003007671
The influence of unrealistic optimism on event anxiety
- Authors: Aucote, Helen
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Psychology Vol. 39, no. 5-6 (Oct-Dec 2004), p. 378-378
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
Self-presentation origins of choking: Evidence from separate pressure manipulations
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Harvey, Jack , Janelle, Christopher
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Vol. 33, no. 3 (2011), p. 441-459
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Whether self-presentation is involved in the choking process remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of self-presentation concerns on the frequency of choking within the context of a recently proposed self-presentation model. Experienced field hockey players (N = 45) were randomly assigned to one of five groups (i.e., performance-contingent monetary incentive, video camera placebo, video camera self-presentation, audience, or combined pressure), before taking penalty strokes in low- and high-pressure phases. Results indicated that groups exposed to self-presentation manipulations experienced choking, whereas those receiving motivational pressure treatments decreased anxiety and increased performance under pressure. Furthermore, cognitive state anxiety mediated the relationship between the self-presentation group and performance. These findings provide quantitative support for the proposed self-presentation model of choking, while also holding implications for anxiety manipulations in future sport psychology research. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Threshold and subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder in later life
- Authors: Miloyan, Beyon , Byrne, Gerard , Pachana, Nancy
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Vol. 23, no. 6 (2015), p. 633-641
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective Symptoms and disorders of anxiety are highly prevalent among older adults; however, late-life anxiety disorders remain underdiagnosed. The objective of this study was to (1) estimate the prevalence of late-life threshold and subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), (2) examine sociodemographic and health correlates associated with membership in these groups, (3) assess 3-year conversion rates of these groups, and (4) explore characteristics associated with 3-year conversion to GAD. Methods Using Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions, 13,420 participants aged 55-98 years were included in this study. Results Subthreshold GAD was more highly prevalent than threshold GAD and was interposed between asymptomatic and GAD groups in terms of severity of health characteristics. Although most participants with subthreshold and threshold GAD were asymptomatic by Wave 2, differences in disability persisted. Subthreshold GAD at baseline was not a predictor of threshold GAD at follow-up. Conclusion These findings suggest that late-life GAD should be conceptualized as a dimensional rather than categorical construct. The temporal stability of anxiety-associated disability further suggests that subthreshold GAD bears clinical significance. However, the suitability and efficacy of interventions for minimizing negative sequelae in this group remain to be determined.
Anxiety and clinical performance in simulated setting in undergraduate health professionals education : An integrative review
- Authors: Al-Ghareeb, Amal , Cooper, Simon J. , McKenna, Lisa
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Clinical Simulation in Nursing Vol. 13, no. 10 (2017), p. 478-491
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background Undergraduate health professionals clearly experience anxiety during simulation. However, little is known regarding learners’ physiological and psychological responses and the influence of these responses on performance. Method An integrative review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of anxiety on undergraduate health professionals’ performance during simulation, and to review the tools and measurements reported in the healthcare literature. Result Eleven articles were included showing simulation aroused learners physiologically and psychologically, either improving or declining clinical performance. Conclusion Two contrasting perceptions emerged, which are indicative of the current lack of understanding regarding the effects of anxiety on performance in a simulation setting. © 2017 International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning
A randomised controlled trial of a social support intervention
- Authors: Martin, Paul , Reece, John , Lauder, Sue , McClelland, Andrew
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being Vol. 3, no. 1 (2011), p. 44-65
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Much evidence has accumulated over the last three decades that low social support is related to both mental and physical health. Despite this large and convincing literature, reviewers have noted that there exists remarkably little evidence that social support can be increased by an appropriate intervention. This study reports on the development and evaluation of a new intervention for social support which takes account of the stress-buffering and direct effect models. Method: Eighty-one individuals scoring low on social support were randomly allocated to the intervention or a waiting-list control condition. Treatment consisted of 10 weekly sessions administered in a group format, and 49 participants (nine males) completed assessments at the beginning and end of a 10-week period, and at 10-week follow-up (intervention condition only). Results: The intervention proved to be successful at increasing functional support but not structural support. The intervention was also successful in increasing the social skill of self-disclosure, and decreasing depression. Gains made between pre- and post-treatment were maintained at 10-week follow-up. Conclusions: Based on published analyses of the effects of social support on health, the results imply that the intervention would be useful for stress-buffering purposes, but not for the general health-promoting effects that are associated with good social integration. © 2011 The Authors. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being © 2011 The International Association of Applied Psychology.
The first 30 months of the MindSpot Clinic: Evaluation of a national e-mental health service against project objectives
- Authors: Titov, Nickolai , Dear, Blake , Staples, Lauren , Bennett-Levy, James , Klein, Britt , Rapee, Ronald , Andersson, Gerhard , Purtell, Carol , Bezuidenhout, Greg , Nielssen, Olav
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol. , no. (2016), p. 1-13
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: OBJECTIVE: The MindSpot Clinic provides online mental health services to Australian adults with anxiety and depression. This paper describes users of MindSpot between January 2013 and June 2015. Outcomes are considered against three key objectives: improving access to mental health services, improving public awareness of how to access services and providing evidence-based treatments. METHOD: Website traffic data were examined to determine patterns of use. Demographic characteristics, past service utilisation and reasons for contacting MindSpot were analysed. Outcomes for patients enrolled in a MindSpot treatment course were also analysed. Primary outcomes were scores on the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-Item, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, administered at assessment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: The website was visited by almost 500,000 Australians, of which 33,990 adults started assessments, and 25,469 people completed assessment and were eligible for analysis. Mean age was 36.4 years (standard deviation = 13.3 years; range = 18-94 years), and 72% were female. The proportion living in rural or remote regions and who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander closely matched national statistics. The majority (82%) reported that they were not currently in contact with mental health services. Most patients sought an assessment, information about treatment options, or referral to another service, and only 24% of those completing an assessment commenced a MindSpot treatment course. Of these, large clinical effects (d: 0.7-2.4; average symptom reductions: 25.5% to 61.6%) were found from assessment to follow-up on all outcome measures. Deterioration ranged from 1.0% to 4.3%. CONCLUSION: Based on the number of website visits, completed assessments and treatment outcomes, MindSpot achieved its three programme objectives. This model of service provision has considerable value as a complement to existing services, and is proving particularly important for improving access for people not using existing services.
Age-related changes in generalized anxiety disorder symptoms
- Authors: Miloyan, Beyon , Byrne, Gerard , Pachana, Nancy
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Psychogeriatrics Vol. 26, no. 4 (2014), p. 565-572
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Little is known about the effects of age on the symptoms of anxiety disorder. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate age-related differences in the number and kind of symptoms that distinguish between individuals with and without a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: A sample of 3,486 self-reported worriers was derived from Wave 1 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), an epidemiological survey of mental health conducted in the USA in 2001-2002. Participants were stratified into the following age groups (18-29 years, 30-44 years, 45-64 years, 65-98 years), and then divided into diagnostic groups (GAD and non-GAD worriers). Results: Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that four distinct sets of symptoms were associated with GAD in each age group, and that numerically fewer symptoms were associated with GAD in older adults. Moreover, there were graduated changes in the type and number of symptoms associated with GAD in each successive age group. Conclusions: There are graduated, age-related differences in the phenomenology of GAD that might contribute to challenges in the detection of late-life anxiety. © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.
The Relationship of attachment to resilience and their impact on perceived stress
- Authors: Marriner, Patricia , Cacioli, Jon-Paul , Moore, Kathleen
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Stress and anxiety : applications to social and environmental threats, psychological well-being, occupational challenges, and developmental psychology Chapter 8 p. 73-81
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Early attachment relationships are important, as the bonds made with significant others in childhood affect the emotional and physical health of individuals throughout life. The aim of this study was to explore how early Attachment relationships relate to levels of Resilience, and how these are related to levels of perceived stress and use of coping strategies. It was hypothesised that individuals with a secure attachment style would relate to higher levels of Resilience, and these variables in turn would correlate positively with proactive coping strategies and negatively with perceived stress. A cross-sectional sample of 196 volunteers (16 males, age M = 38.63 years, SD = 15.56 and 180 females, age M = 32.74 years, SD = 9.98) completed an online questionnaire assessing Attachment style, Resilience, perceived Stress, and coping styles. The results indicated a secure attachment style correlated with Resilience (r = .55). Both Secure attachment and Resilience correlated with greater use of proactive coping strategies (r > .24), and negatively with ratings of stress (r = -.20 and -.53, respectively). An exploratory analysis failed to support Resilience as a mediator of Attachment on Stress. Directions for future studies and implications of the findings are also discussed.