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A process-oriented framework for regulating artificial intelligence systems

  • Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Sun, Zhaohao
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Handbook of Research on Foundations and Applications of Intelligent Business Analytics p. 96-112
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  • Description: Intelligent business analytics is an emerging technology that has become a mainstream market adopted broadly across industries, organizations, and geographic regions. Intelligent business analytics is a current focus for research and development across academia and industries and must be examined and considered thoroughly so businesses can apply the technology appropriately. The Handbook of Research on Foundations and Applications of Intelligent Business Analytics examines the technologies and applications of intelligent business analytics and discusses the foundations of intelligent analytics such as intelligent mining, intelligent statistical modeling, and machine learning. Covering topics such as augmented analytics and artificial intelligence systems, this major reference work is ideal for scholars, engineers, professors, practitioners, researchers, industry professionals, academicians, and students. Intelligent business analytics is an emerging technology that has become a mainstream market adopted broadly across industries, organizations, and geographic regions. Intelligent business analytics is a current focus for research and development across academia and industries and must be examined and considered thoroughly so businesses can apply the technology appropriately. The Handbook of Research on Foundations and Applications of Intelligent Business Analytics examines the technologies and applications of intelligent business analytics and discusses the foundations of intelligent analytics such as intelligent mining, intelligent statistical modeling, and machine learning. Covering topics such as augmented analytics and artificial intelligence systems, this major reference work is ideal for scholars, engineers, professors, practitioners, researchers, industry professionals, academicians, and students.

Conflict Management

  • Authors: martin, Jennifer
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Book
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Credit scoring model based on a novel group feature selection method : the case of Chinese small-sized manufacturing enterprises

  • Authors: Zhang, Zhipeng , Chi, Guotai , Colombage, Sisira , Zhou, Ying
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of the Operational Research Society Vol. 73, no. 1 (2022), p. 122-138
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  • Description: In building a predictive credit scoring model, feature selection is an essential pre-processing step that can improve the predictive accuracy and comprehensibility of models. In this study, we select the optimal feature subset based on group feature selection in lieu of the individual feature selection method, to establish a credit scoring model for small manufacturing enterprises. In our methodology, we first select a group of features using the 0-1 programming method, with the objective function of maximising the Gini coefficient (GINI) of the credit score to identify the possibility of default. Then we introduce constraints to remove any redundant features in the same subset, provided they reflect the same information. Finally, we assign weights to different features according to the Gini coefficient, ensuring that the weight of the features reflects their discriminatory power. Our empirical results show that the selection of a set of features more effectively identifies default status than the individual feature selection approach. Moreover, a rating system with more features does not necessarily have better discriminatory power. As the number of features exceeds the optimum number of features selected, the system's discriminatory ability begins to decrease. © Operational Research Society 2022.

Examining the experiences of intercultural ambassadors in regional Victoria from 2019 to 2021

Limited Memory Bundle Method for Clusterwise Linear Regression

  • Authors: Karmitsa, Napsu , Bagirov, Adil , Taheri, Sona , Joki, Kaisa
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering p. 109-122
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  • Description: A clusterwise linear regression problem consists of finding a number of linear functions each approximating a subset of the given data. In this paper, the limited memory bundle method is modified and combined with the incremental approach to solve this problem using its nonsmooth optimization formulation. The main contribution of the proposed method is to obtain a fast solution time for large-scale clusterwise linear regression problems. The proposed algorithm is tested on small and large real-world data sets and compared with other algorithms for clusterwise linear regression. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is especially efficient in data sets with large numbers of data points and input variables. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Mechanical performance of tire-derived aggregate permeable pavements under live traffic loads

  • Authors: Raeesi, Ramin , Soltani, Amin , King, Russell , Disfani, Mahdi
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics, ICTG 2021 Vol. 164, p. 515-528
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  • Description: Traditional pavements in urban areas are mainly rigid, impervious surfaces, resulting in augmented surface run off during rainfalls, thereby leading to flash-flooding and pollution of waterways. In comparison, permeable pavements permit percolation of water through surface layers, thus alleviating harmful environmental impacts. This study presents the authors’ recent experience in the development of an instrumented large-scale permeable pavement trial site—constructed using a combination of crushed rock (CR) and tire-derived aggregate (TDA), bonded by a polyurethane (PU) binder—located at a car park in South Australia. An area of approximately 400 m2 was paved using different TDA-based mix designs—different CR sizes, colors, and shapes, and different PU contents. Moreover, preliminary field performance monitoring results—including surface deflection measurements by the light weight deflectometer test, and strain measurements using optic fiber and strain gauge sensing techniques—are outlined and discussed in detail. The strength and stiffness of the TDA-based blend was found to be dependent on the TDA content, TDA-to-CR size ratio, CR shape, and PU content. The greater the angularity of the CR particles, the more effective the interlocking of the TDA and CR components, and thus the higher the developed strength and stiffness. The amount of strain generated in the permeable surface layer and at its interface with the lower screening layer were both found to decrease with a decrease in TDA content. Preliminary field observations indicate that the TDA-based system can indeed be a viable (and sustainable) solution to effectively mitigate flash-flooding while sustaining low–medium traffic loads. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Thermodynamic guiding principles for designing nonstoichiometric redox materials for solar thermochemical fuel production : ceria, perovskites, and beyond

  • Authors: Li, Sha , Wheeler, Vincent , Kumar, Apurv , Venkataraman, Mahesh , Muhich, Chrisopher
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energy Technology Vol. 10, no. 1 (2022), p.
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  • Description: Two-step solar thermochemical water splitting is a promising pathway for renewable fuel production due to its potential for high thermal efficiency via full-spectrum sunlight utilization. Such a promise critically relies on simultaneous innovation in the redox materials and the reactor systems. Most prior efforts on material design are focused on improving the fuel yield at lower reduction temperatures. However, developing materials with both high fuel output and efficiency remains a key challenge, requiring a rigorous understanding of the effects of material thermodynamic properties. Herein, a generic thermodynamic framework is described to decipher the material effects by studying both the state-of-the-art and hypothetical materials within a counterflow reactor system. A global efficiency map is presented for redox materials, revealing inevitable tradeoffs among competing factors such as thermal losses, sweep gas and oxidizer demand, solid preheating, and reduction enthalpy. The choice of the most efficient material is closely linked to the system conditions. Ceria-based materials outperform perovskites under most scenarios, and the optimal hypothetical materials tend to favor higher reduction enthalpies and entropies than existing materials. This work offers a valuable material design roadmap to identify solutions toward efficient solar fuel production. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Apurv Kumar” is provided in this record**

1-Methyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives exhibit unexpected acute mammalian toxicity

  • Authors: Preston, Sarah , Garcia-Bustos, Jose , Hall, Liam , Martin, Sheree , Le, Thuy
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Vol. 64, no. 1 (2021), p. 840-844
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  • Description: A series of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides were synthesized as potent inhibitors of the parasitic nematode of sheep, Haemonchus contortus. These compounds did not show overt cytotoxicity to a range of mammalian cell lines under standard in vitro culture conditions, had high selectivity indices, and were progressed to an acute toxicity study in a rodent model. Strikingly, acute toxicity was observed in mice. Experiments measuring cellular respiration showed a dose-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Under these conditions, potent cytotoxicity was observed for these compounds in rat hepatocytes suggesting that the potent acute mammalian toxicity of this chemotype is most likely associated with respiratory inhibition. In contrast, parasite toxicity was not correlated to acute toxicity or cytotoxicity in respiring cells. This paper highlights the importance of identifying an appropriate in vitro predictor of in vivo toxicity early on in the drug discovery pipeline, in particular assessment for in vitro mitochondrial toxicity. © 2020 American Chemical Society. *Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Sarah Preston” is provided in this record**

A direct time-domain procedure for the seismic analysis of dam–foundation–reservoir systems using the scaled boundary finite element method

  • Authors: Qu, Yanling , Chen, Denghong , Liu, Lei , Ooi, Ean Tat , Eisenträger, Sascha , Song, Chongmin
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computers and Geotechnics Vol. 138, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: In this paper, a direct time-domain procedure for the seismic analysis of dam–reservoir–foundation interactions is presented based on the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). The SBFEM is a semi-analytical method and requires the discretization of boundary only. The geometric complexity in the bounded dam–reservoir–foundation system is easily handled in the SBFEM using quadtree meshes where each structural component can be discretized independently. The elastic wave fields in the unbounded foundation are rigorously captured through SBFE solutions in terms of displacement unit-impulse response functions, while the acoustic wave propagation in the semi-infinite reservoir is modelled by the SBFE-based doubly asymptotic open boundary. The input of seismic excitations is addressed by incorporating the Domain Reduction Method (DRM) into the SBFEM. Cracks are modelled efficiently and accurately by combining the SBFEM and quadtree meshes. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology is investigated by studying several benchmarks, Pine Flat dam and Jin'anqiao dam. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

A framework for Australian Universities and public libraries supporting regional, rural and remote students

  • Authors: Partridge, Helen , Power, Emma , Ostini, Jenny , Owen, Sue , Pizzani, Blanca
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association Vol. 70, no. 4 (2021), p. 391-404
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  • Description: University students living in regional, rural and remote (RRR) communities of Australia face unique challenges including geographical isolation, lack of access to face-to-face support, and technological barriers. This paper outlines a project funded by the Australian Government’s Higher Education Participation and Partnerships Program that was undertaken by five universities with significant enrolments of students from low socio-economic backgrounds living in RRR communities. The project established a Framework for Australian Universities and Public Libraries Supporting Regional, Rural and Remote Students that provides a set of strategic recommendations that will guide the development of accessible, relevant and sustainable study and learning support to meet the needs of low socio-economic students living in RRR communities. This national project provided a unique opportunity for Australia’s universities and public libraries to work together in order to ‘future proof’ the education of students from low socio-economic backgrounds living in regional and remote communities. © 2021 Helen Partridge, Emma Power, Jenny Ostini, Sue Owen and Blanca Pizzani.

A labour of love : reward and satisfaction for nurses : findings from a grounded theory study in dementia care

  • Authors: Gilbert, Julia , Ward, Louise , Walter, Ruby
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Dementia Vol. 20, no. 5 (2021), p. 1697-1710
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  • Description: Aim: To understand nurses’ perceptions of quality nursing care in the dementia-specific care unit. As the world’s population ages, the incidence of dementia is projected to rise in tandem. The requirement for skilled, dementia-trained registered nurses who can provide quality nursing care will need to increase accordingly to meet the needs of these individuals. Extensive research has been completed on dementia nursing care in a variety of settings; however, little research has been undertaken into nurses’ perceptions of quality nursing care in the dementia-specific care unit. Understanding how registered nurses perceive quality nursing care in the dementia-specific care unit is important and provides valuable information about nursing practice in this environment for nurses and decision-makers. Gaining a better understanding of quality nursing care in this care unit may result in better nurse education and an improved patient experience. It may also assist nursing organisations, residential aged-care facilities, government bodies and nongovernment agencies that support, manage, and oversee dementia-specific care units. Method: A grounded theory study was conducted to understand nurses’ perceptions of quality nursing care in dementia-specific care units. The study involved interviewing nine registered nurses working in two dementia-specific care units on the Gold Coast, Queensland. Data were collected during semi-structured interviews and analysed using both constant comparison and thematic analysis. Findings: Three themes emerged from this study—Caring at the Coalface, Labour of love and the Business of Dementia Healthcare. The largest theme, Labour of love, represents the personal reward and feeling of satisfaction six nurses said they experienced when interacting with individuals living in the dementia-specific care unit. They identified and repeatedly discussed the joy and fulfilment they experienced when caring for them, and considered this to be an essential element of quality nursing care. It was evident from the data that the nurses cared very deeply about these individuals, and despite increased risks to personal safety at work, they did not want to work anywhere else. This article reports on the largest and key theme identified in the study Labour of Love. © The Author(s) 2020.

A low-cost efficient system for monitoring microalgae density using gaussian process

  • Authors: Nguyen, Dung , Nguyen, Linh , Viet Le, Dung
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Vol. 70, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: This article presents a low-cost system for efficiently monitoring the density of microalgae in a closed cultivation system, such as a photobioreactor. In fact, microalgal density can be accurately determined by manually counting methods, such as the direct microscopic count technique. However, the manual approaches are cumbersome, time-consuming, and impractical to be implemented in a closed cultivation system. Therefore, in the proposed monitoring system, microalgae are first proposed to be pumped from a culturing tank into a sample container placed inside a dark box. A low-cost camera is utilized to capture images of microalgae through the transparent sample container under artificial light. It is then proposed to represent microalgal density through two average pixel values of red and green color channels of the corresponding image. Moreover, the Gaussian process (GP) is exploited to statistically learn a data-driven model of microalgae density given the measured images. The learned model can then be used to effectively predict the density of microalgae where only their corresponding image data are required. The proposed approach was evaluated in a real-world closed bioreactor system of culturing Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, where the model was trained by 100 images selected randomly from 125 ones. In 10 000 random runs, the accuracy of the estimated density results is about 8.6% (±1.8%). © 1963-2012 IEEE.

A meta‐review of 10 years of green human resource management : is Green HRM headed towards a roadblock or a revitalisation?

  • Authors: Paulet, Renee , Holland, Peter , Morgan, Damian
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Asia Pacific journal of human resources Vol. 59, no. 2 (2021), p. 159-183
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  • Description: Over the past decade Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has emerged as a growing field of conceptual and empirical work both within, and separate from, the broader topic of Sustainable HRM. As such, we believe it is an opportune time to provide an overview of the Green HRM literature up to 2020, together with a critical consideration of Green HRM into the future. Representing the first meta‐review in the Green HRM field, we surmise key aspects of Green HRM research emerging over the previous decade. We conclude by presenting an exploration of how Green HRM may evolve in the future, and pose the following question: With a myriad of implications from COVID‐19 on business survival and society in general, how will this affect the development of Green HRM? Is it headed towards a roadblock, or revitalisation? Key points A meta‐review of Green HRM literature demonstrates an established through to emerging field of research developed on empirical research over the past decade. Reviews provided three important outcomes for Green HRM – identification of key literature, proposed conceptual frameworks and identified research gaps. Green HRM provides a key driver aligning organisations towards sustainable outcomes. Further work is required including empirical studies in developing countries and application of rigorous research designs. The implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic are likely to have ramifications on the adoption and practice of Green HRM.

A new current limiting and overload protection scheme for distributed inverters in microgrids under grid faults

  • Authors: Li, Zilin , Hu, Jiefeng , Chan, Ka Wing
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Vol. 57, no. 6 (2021), p. 6362-6374
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  • Description: Unlike a synchronous generator that could withstand a large overcurrent, an inverter-based distributed generation (DG) has low thermal inertia, and the inverter is likely damaged by overcurrents during grid faults. In this article, a new strategy, namely positive-And negative-sequence limiting with stability enhanced P-f droop control (PNSL-SEPFC), is proposed to limit the output currents and active power of droop-controlled inverters in islanded microgrids. This strategy is easy to implement in the inverter controller and does not require any fault detection. Inverter stability is analyzed mathematically, which gives guidelines to design the parameters of the PNSL-SEPFC strategy. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation based on a four-DG microgrid shows that the proposed PNSL-SEPFC can limit inverter output currents and powers with better performance under both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. Furthermore, hardware experiments demonstrate that the proposed PNSL-SEPFC can ensure the inverters riding through grid faults safely and stably. (A video of experimental waveforms is attached.). © 1972-2012 IEEE.

A seamless wedding : comedy, diversity, and the international

A small-scale test for rapid assessment of the soil development potential in post-mining soils

  • Authors: Bucka, Franziska , Pihlap, Evelin , Kaiser, Jara , Baumgartl, Thomas , Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Soil and Tillage Research Vol. 211, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: When ceasing brown coal mining activities, the restoration of the disturbed landscape is required, and a rapid development of functional soils is of utter importance for the rehabilitation of these areas. In order to accelerate soil development and rehabilitation, soils are designed or engineered by applying alternative approaches in order to construct a soil-like substrate, e.g., by mixing different substrates and organic carbon (OC) sources. We used a rapid and easy to perform laboratory approach to simulate the initial steps of soil development. We investigated the mixtures’ properties and the initial development of soil structure, in order to identify suitable soil mixtures for subsequent field trials. We tested six different mixtures composed of increasing complexity, based on the mixture used for a rehabilitation program at a coal mine in southern Australia. The components were overburden, fly ash, paper mulch, brown coal and plant litter. We performed a short-term laboratory incubation in regularly irrigated microcosms for forty days at constant water tension. Our results showed that the addition of fly ash to the overburden led to a higher moisture content. Fly ash together with paper mulch and brown coal improved nutrient supply and OC content, but led also to a very wide C/N ratio >95. The molecular composition of the paper mulch and brown coal OC shows the potential for long-term OC storage because of slow microbial degradation. Microbial activity, as measured by CO2 release, was high in all mixtures with litter addition, but only the additional presence of fly ash, brown coal and paper mulch led to a higher microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE). Soil structure formation, as measured by isolating water-stable aggregates, was induced in all mixtures and intensified in the presence of litter. In the mixtures with litter, there was a predominant formation of large macroaggregates (0.63−30 mm) which stored >80 % of the total OC. We suggest that the complex rehabilitation mixture indicates the potential for soil structure development within a short timeframe also in field scale, because the tested substrates are known to store moisture, deliver nutrients and OC for sustainable microbial growth. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

A smart priority-based traffic control system for emergency vehicles

  • Authors: Karmakar, Gour , Chowdhury, Abdullahi , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Gondal, Iqbal
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Sensors Journal Vol. 21, no. 14 (2021), p. 15849-15858
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  • Description: Unwanted events on roads, such as incidents and increased traffic jams, can cause human lives and economic loss. For efficient incident management, it is essential to send Emergency Vehicles (EVs) to the incident place as quickly as possible. To reduce incidence clearance time, several approaches exist to provide a clear pathway to EVs mainly fitted with RFID sensors in the urban areas. However, they neither assign priority to the EVs based on the type and severity of an incident nor consider the effect on other on-road traffic. To address this issue, in this paper, we introduce an Emergency Vehicle Priority System (EVPS) by determining the priority level of an EV based on the type and the severity of an incident, and estimating the number of necessary signal interventions while considering the impact of those interventions on the traffic in the roads surrounding the EV's travel path. We present how EVPS determines the priority code and a new algorithm to estimate the number of green signal interventions to attain the quickest incident response while concomitantly reducing impact on others. A simulation model is developed in Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) using the real traffic data of Melbourne, Australia, captured by various sensors. Results show that our system recommends appropriate number of intervention that can reduce emergency response time significantly. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

A special magnetic coupler structure for three-coil wireless power transfer : analysis, design, and experimental verification

  • Authors: Wang, Heshou , Cheng, Ka , Li, Xiaofei , Hu, Jiefeng
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Vol. 57, no. 11 (2021), p.
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  • Description: In this article, a special magnetic coupler for three-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) is proposed to eliminate the mutual inductance between the source coil and the receiver coil, which can significantly improve the design freedom. Specifically, unipolar Q coil, mixed QDD coil, and bipolar DD coil are designed for the source coil, the transmitter coil ( $\text{T}_{\mathrm {X}}$ ), and the receiver coil ( $\text{R}_{\mathrm {X}}$ ), respectively. By making use of unipolar coils and bipolar coils, this structure magnetically decouples the receiver coil from the source coil. Meanwhile, under different lateral misalignment conditions, this new coupler facilitates maintaining high efficiency. A laboratory prototype has been constructed to validate the proposed structure, demonstrating that the proposed structure can realize inherent characteristics, enhance misalignment tolerance, and energy transfer. The potential applications are EV systems, but this design can be generalizable to other three-coil systems. © 1965-2012 IEEE.

A systematic review of alcohol education programs for young people : do these programs change behavior?

  • Authors: Calverley, Hannah , Petrass, Lauren , Blitvich, Jennifer
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Health education research Vol. 36, no. 1 (2021), p. 87-99
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  • Description: Numerous education programs have addressed young peoples' alcohol use. To date, no peer-reviewed publication has evaluated the effectiveness of such programs delivered across a range of contexts to change alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes and/or knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify alcohol education programs addressing young people, and determine whether they changed alcohol-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and, ascertain components of successful programs. Studies were identified, guided by the PRISMA review process, from the earliest records until June 2020. Included studies (N = 70) comprised an alcohol education program which focused on young people (15-24 years). Forty programs reported behavior changes, and these programs were the highest quality. Others impacted attitudes and/or knowledge only (n = 12); or reported no impacts (n = 17). Recent programs were more likely than older programs to feature online delivery and report behavior changes. To enhance alcohol education, future programs should include the identified quality criteria, alongside process and long-term outcome evaluations, to better monitor effectiveness. Findings indicated some education programs have capacity to positively change alcohol-related behavior; however, outcome consistency varied even in high-quality programs. Alcohol education programs should be designed alongside health education/promotion models and best-practice recommendations, to improve the likelihood of desirable behavior-related outcomes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

A thematic analysis of the perceptions of a community-based exercise program on the health and well-being of ageing adults

  • Authors: Dabkowski, Elissa , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 29, no. 6 (2021), p. 1990-1997
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  • Description: This study explores a weekly community-based exercise program (CBEP) for ageing adults in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. This program aims to improve the health and well-being of ageing adults and was evaluated using an exploratory qualitative study design. Four focus group discussions and two individual interviews were conducted before a thematic analysis using Braun & Clark's (2006) six-step approach. A total of 23 participants were involved in the study over a 6-week period. The thematic analysis resulted in two main themes: (a) meeting community needs and (b) benefits to health and well-being. Five minor themes stemmed from these two themes, in which participants identified that a service gap existed within the community and the program was adaptive in its design to meet community needs. Participants reported benefits to health and well-being, specifically perceived improved mobility and independence, social connections and ‘recharging the batteries to feel good’. The inclusion of Tai Chi exercises was noted for increased vitality and pain management benefits. The role of the exercise instructor was deemed to be instrumental to the success of the CBEP. The CBEP provides motivation for older adults to attend, increasing physical activity. Future CBEPs for ageing adults should provide a social component and relevant health education for participants. Exercises should be safely adapted by the exercise instructor to suit people of various abilities and to promote a more ‘inclusive’ environment. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.