Force-time characteristics of the butterfly turns by age-group swimmers
- Authors: Ling, Ben , Blanksby, Brian , Elliott, Bruce , McElroy, G. Keith
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Human Movement Studies Vol. 47, no. 5 (2004), p. 429-451
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Turning time can account for more than 20% of a swimming race and better turns can improve performance significantly. Two underwater video cameras and a force platform were used to analyse the turning techniques of 16 female and 12 male, age-group, butterfly swimmers of similar swimming experience. Subjects were of mean age 13.3±1.6 years; height, 166.4±11.2cm and mass, 55.1±11.5kg. Two x 50m maximal effort butterfly swims were completed from a push-start on a 3 minute departure interval in a 25m pool. The criterion measure was the time elapsed between passing the 5m mark on the approach and departure from the wall, named the 5m Round Trip Time (RTT). A one-way ANOVA revealed no gender differences. The 5m RTT correlated significantly (p<0.01) with 50m time, height, mass, armspan, peak horizontal force, impulse, velocity-in, wall exit velocity, leg resumption speed and arm resumption distance. The 5m RTT was predicted by the equation : 12.228 - 0.024 height + 2.128 pivot time - 0.422 arm resumption distance - 1.275 arm resumption speed, when velocity-in and 50m time were removed as predictor variables.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001201
Long term retention of safe diving skills
- Authors: Blitvich, Jennifer , McElroy, G. Keith , Blanksby, Brian , Parker, H. E.
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 6, no. 3 (2003), p. 348-354
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This short report describes a 20-month follow-up of safe diving skills, extending the 8-month retention period previously published in this journal. Thirty-four recreational swimmers with poor diving skills were evaluated before and immediately after a diving skills intervention program. Twenty-two returned for the eight-month follow-up evaluation and 16 returned 20 months post. As with the earlier study, Treadwater, Deck, Block and Running dives were video-recorded, and maximum depth, distance, velocity, entry angle and flight distance were compared. Underwater hand and arm positions were examined. Pre-intervention, a breaststroke arm action before maximum depth occurred in 18% of all dives and 38% of Treadwater dives. This was eliminated post-intervention, improving head protection. The Treadwater dive elicited the greatest mean maximum depth, and ANOVA showed depth for this entry decreased (improved) following intervention and remained shallower at the eight-month and 20-month post follow-ups. The Block dive also became shallower following intervention while the Deck dive remained unchanged. As seven 10-minute skills sessions resulted in shallower dives with safer hand and arm positions, and these skills were retained over a 600 day non-practice period, it is reliable to consider that the inclusion of safe diving skills in learn-to-swim programs can provide a diving spinal cord injury prevention strategy.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000626
Retention of safe diving skills
- Authors: Blitvich, Jennifer , McElroy, G. Keith , Blanksby, Brian , Parker, H. E.
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 6, no. 2 (2003), p. 155-165
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study investigated diving skill maintenance over an eight-month retention period following an intervention program. Thirty-four recreational swimmers with poor diving skills were measured before and immediately after a diving skills intervention program. Twenty-two returned for follow-up evaluation. Treadwater, Deck and Block dives were video-recorded, and maximum depth, distance, velocity, entry angle and flight distance were compared. Underwater hand and arm positions were examined. Pre-intervention, a breaststroke arm action before maximum depth occurred in 18% of all dives and 38% of Treadwater dives. This was eliminated post-intervention, improving head protection. The Treadwater dive elicited the greatest mean maximum depth, and ANOVA showed depth for this entry decreased (improved) following intervention and remained shallower at follow-up. Deck and Block dives also became shallower following intervention. As seven 10-minute skills sessions resulted in shallower dives with safer hand and arm positions, including safe diving skills in learn-to-swim programs can provide a diving spinal cord injury prevention strategy.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000629
Waterslide exit velocities, user behaviours and injury prevention
- Authors: Blitvich, Jennifer , McElroy, G. Keith
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal of injury control and safety promotion Vol. 14, no. 1 (2007), p. 54-56
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: 2003005672