Agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings and teacher ratings of ADHD symptom groups: A correlated trait-correlated method minus one analysis
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 82, no. (2015), p. 131-135
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study examined the level of agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings, and adolescent ratings with teacher ratings of the inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptom groups of ADHD. A total of 214 adolescents provided self-ratings of IA and HI, and their IA and HI were also rated by their mothers and teachers. The correlated trait-correlated method minus one model was applied, with adolescent ratings as the reference method, and the other two ratings as the non-reference methods. The findings indicated no additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could not be accounted by mother ratings of IA and HI, respectively. In contrast, there was additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could was not accounted by teacher ratings of IA and HI, respectively. The findings suggest that when diagnosing ADHD in adolescents, their reports of their own ADHD behaviors are not needed when mother reports of such behaviors are used. © 2015.
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: Measurement and structural invariance across ratings of older adult men and women
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 75, no. (2015), p. 130-134
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The current study examined the measurement and structural invariance of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) across ratings provided by older adult men (. n=. 573) and women (. n=. 605). Ratings were modeled in terms of the original four-factor oblique model: a simple structure with correlated factors for Depressed Affect, Positive Affect, Somatic Symptoms, and Interpersonal Difficulties. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis supported full measurement and structural invariance, and no sex difference for the four latent factors. These findings indicate good support for measurement and structural invariance of CES-D ratings across older adult men and women. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A critical examination of the reliability and validity of the SZTPI-15 in British, American and Australian samples
- Authors: McKay, Michael , Worrell, Frank , Temple, Elizabeth , Perry, John , Cole, Jon
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 69, no. (October 2014 2014), p. 168-172
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: As an individual difference variable assessing the extent to which attitudes towards past, present and future influence behavior, time perspective is a potentially useful construct. However, its development and utility has been compromised by measurement issues. Recently, a short form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the SZTPI-15 has been suggested to yield valid and reliable scores. Using three independent samples from America, Australia, and the United Kingdom, the present study tested the psychometric properties of SZPTI-15 scores. Confirmatory factor analyses did not support the 5-factor structure and internal consistency estimates for four of the subscales were low. Fit indices obtained from exploratory structural equation modeling were better, suggesting that permitting items to load on multiple factors improved model fit. Correlations with variables shown to be related to ZTPI factors broadly supported the concurrent validity of the SZTPI-15. Results suggest that further psychometric examination of SZTPI-15 scores is required.
- Description: C1
Understanding personal use of the Internet at work: An integrated model of neutralization techniques and general deterrence theory
- Authors: Cheng, Lijiao , Li, Wenli , Zhai, Qingguo , Smyth, Russell
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 38, no. (September 2014 2014), p. 220-228
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper examines the influence of neutralization techniques, perceived sanction severity, perceived detection certainty and perceived benefits of using the Internet for personal purposes on intention to use the Internet at work for personal use. To do so, we draw on a conceptual framework integrating neutralization theory and general deterrence theory. The study finds that both neutralization techniques and perceived benefits have a positive effect on personal use of the Internet. Perceived detection certainty is found to have a negative effect on personal use of the Internet, while the effect of perceived sanctions severity on personal use of the Internet is not significant. The effect of neutralization and perceived benefits are much stronger than perceived detection certainty. The findings suggest that people may think more about neutralization and perceived benefits than they do about costs, when deciding whether to use the Internet at work for personal purposes.
- Description: C1
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in an adult sample : Associations with cloninger's temperament and character dimensions
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Woodworth, Rosalind , Waugh, Megan , Corr, Philip
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 52, no. 3 (2012), p. 290-294
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Relationships between C.R. Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) were examined in 231 adults from the general population. Regression analyses that predicated overall ADHD, IA and HI by the seven temperament/character dimensions revealed: IA was predicted positively by Harm Avoidance and negatively by Self-Directedness; HI was predicted positively by Persistence; and overall ADHD was predicted negatively by Self-Directedness. These findings are also interpreted in terms of current theories of ADHD, and the related original and revised versions of Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality. © 2011.
Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD : A meta-analytic review
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Van Doorn, George , Watson, Shaun , Gomez, Andre , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 107, no. (2017), p. 219-227
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: A meta-analysis of up to 20 datasets is reported that examined the relationships between Cloninger's personality dimensions and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Cloninger's model comprises four temperament (Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and three character (Self-Directedness, Cooperation, and Self-Transcendence) dimensions. Major findings were that all personality dimensions, except Self-Transcendence, were significantly associated with ADHD. These associations had different directions and magnitudes of relationship with ADHD. The associations were especially strong for Novelty-Seeking and Self-Directedness, being positive for Novelty-Seeking and negative for Self-Directedness. In addition, the association between ADHD and Persistence was moderated by age (stronger in children than adults) and source (stronger in clinical samples than community samples). Further, the association between harm avoidance and ADHD was moderated by age (strong and significant in adults, but not significant in children). Findings are discussed in relation to past work and the different strengths of the associations found between Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD, developmental differences in these relationships, implications for theoretical models of ADHD, the influence of biological and environmental factors in the expression of ADHD, implications for treatment and diagnosis, and the underlying processes for the relationships between personality and ADHD. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Flow and Telepresence contributing to Internet Abuse : Differences according to gender and age
- Authors: Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Alexandraki, Kyriaki , Motti-Stefanidi, Frosso
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 29, no. 5 (2013), p. 1941-1948
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Flow describes immersive tendencies to Internet activities, and Telepresence defines the level one is absorbed in his virtual environment. The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to test whether and how Flow and Telepresence may contribute to Internet Abuse and (b) to examine group differences in Internet Abuse, Flow and Telepresence according to gender and age among adolescents. The sample consisted of 1609 adolescents, with a mean age of 16 years old. Internet Abuse was assessed with the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998), Flow with the Flow Questionnaire (Chen, Wigand, & Nilan, 1999) and Telepresence with the Presence II questionnaire (Witmer & Singer, 1998). Findings revealed that Flow and Telepresence were related with Internet Abuse with Telepresence positively moderating the effect of Flow. Considering group differences, males were at higher risk of Internet Abuse and were more likely to experience Flow and Telepresence, while older adolescents scored higher only in Telepresence. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interrelationships of the Rothbart's temperament model constructs with revised-reinforcement sensitivity theory constructs
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 99, no. (2016), p. 118-121
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Relationships between the constructs in Rothbart's temperament model and the revised-reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST) were examined. A group of 329 adults from the general population completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire and the Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Activation System Scales. Correlation analyses showed that temperament negative affectivity was relatively highly associated with the RST constructs of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) and temperament extraversion/surgency was relatively highly associated with the behavioral approach system (BAS) construct of reward responsiveness. Temperament effortful control showed no association with the RST constructs. The overlap between the constructs in Rothbart's temperament and r-RST models is discussed. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Eye tracking to investigate cue processing in medical decision making : A scoping review
- Authors: Al-Moteri, Modi , Symmons, Mark , Plummer, Virginia , Cooper, Simon J.
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 66, no. (2017), p. 52-66
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Eye-tracking techniques have been adopted as a research tool for a wide range of applications in healthcare studies. Recently, healthcare researchers have started to show interest in using eye-tracking techniques to study medical decision-making. Mapping the literature pertaining to eye tracking using a systematic approach is valuable at this point to bring together all the studies to date on how medical decision-makers make decisions, and the results may contribute to clinical training. This review follows Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework to improve our understanding of visual cue processing in medical decision-making. A diverse range of studies was identified, and the results are presented descriptively to develop a more coherent understanding of different aspects of cue processing and errors in medical decision-making. The review shows the need for more extensive investigations of cue processing and medical decision-making. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Factor structure of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale Short Forms
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 96, no. (2016), p. 83-87
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The study used frequentist confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and Bayesian CFA (BCFA) (one-factor, two-factor, and bifactor models) for Peters, Sunderland, Andrews, Rapee, and Mattick's (2012) short form Social Anxiety Interaction Scale (SAIS) and Fergus, Valentiner, McGrath, Gier-Lonsway, and Kim's (2012) short form Social Phobia Scale (SPS) Short Forms. Participants (N = 200) were adults from the general community who completed the full version of SIAS and SPS measures. For the different models tested, CFA provided moderate support for the two-factor model for Peters et al.'s Short Forms. BCFA showed good support for the two-factor and bifactor models for Peters et al.'s Short Forms, with the bifactor model showing better fit. This bifactor model showed high internal consistency reliability and had a high amount of explained common variance for its general factor. The SIAS and SPS specific factors of the bifactor model showed almost negligible internal consistency reliabilities and explained common variances. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.