Verification of latency and delays related to a digital topology based on IEC 61850
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed , Abu-Siada, Ahmed
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2019 29th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC2019); Momi Bay, Fiji; 26th-29th November 2019
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Digital Communication systems have matured to a point of acceptance in the last decade enormously based on IEC 61850 guidelines from Substation Automation System (SAS) perspective. However, these networks have issues related to latency, data clogging delays, errors etc. in the digital protection system. Measuring propagation delays and assessing the performance of IED's and other peripherals in an Ethernet topology play a critical role in relay coordination setting. This paper discusses issues associated with a digital network and addresses the problems that could mitigate spurious tripping or compromise the protection of the assets in the feeders leading to a reliable operation of the protection system. The discussion in this paper is carried out based on a case study related to a digital star topology using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) software of a 132/22-kV zone substation. We report the practical case of measuring delay time during frame exchanges of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sampled Value (SV) messages amongst the IED' and peripherals.
High voltage substation automation and protection system based on IEC 61850
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2018 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC);Auckland, New Zealand; 27-30 Nov. 2018
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Digital Communication is the future of High Voltage (HV) substation automation, protection and control. It not only offer ease of diagnostics but acts fast to isolate healthy feeders from faulty ones. The effect of this digital protection technology is being appreciated by many utilities and industries for the benefit it offers to them and looks to be the future. Some of the utilities are replacing their secondary copper wires with Fibre Optics (FO) and Ethernet wires as they want load the cable trays less and identify the FO better than the secondary copper wires. Conventional relays are being replaced with Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) during asset management replacement program. Switchyard equipment such as instrument transformers filled with oil and SF6 gas are being replaced with Non-Conventional Instrument Transformer (NCITs). Ushering new devices into the network are not without challenges. These devices and peripherals cannot be put into use by the end user without proper assessment and needs to be validated with number of tests for its performances. To get end users acceptance, laboratory and field tests are carried out to study the propagation delays and performance issues as applicable to digital automation and protection scheme. This paper discusses an early detection of the loss of data packets in a star connected Ethernet Substation Automation Systems (SAS). Understanding a real model in a lab environment is an important step towards performance evaluation and identification of issues. With the involvement of multiple manufacturer in the digital substation, it is good to set a trial of the interoperability of equipment involving their products which could address critical protection issues. This paper focuses on a star connected architecture using an Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) lab-based software simulating the latency and delays of a digital protection scheme in a 132/22-kV zone substation.
Implementing PRP and HSR Schemes in a HV Substation based on IEC62439-3
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2018 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD); Perth, WA, Australia; 23-26 Sept. 2018 p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: High speed communication is an essential feature of Substation Automation and Control. Existing International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 guidelines substation automation and communication systems have few shortcomings in the protection architecture which necessitated an upgrade to another guideline. This has been addressed better in IEC 62439-3 standard encompassing Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR), Earlier there have been number of issues with IEC 61850, due to single port failure, data losses and interoperability related to multi-vendor equipment. The enhanced features of a Double Attached Node component based on IEC 62439-3, provide redundancy in protection by virtue of having two active frames circulating in the ring. These frames send out copies in the ring. Should one of them be lost, the destination node will receive alternate frame, ensuring flawless data transfer at a significant faster speed in a multi-vendor equipment ensuring the circuit is fault resilient. PRP and HSR topologies promise enhanced reliability over IEC 61850 standard due to faster processing capabilities, increased availability in the scheme with least delay time in circulating data packet in wireless communication in the network. This paper exhibit performance of PRP and HSR topologies addressing redundancy within the network ring leveraging on IEC 62439-3.
Performance evaluation of two interconnected high voltage utility substations using PRP topology based on IEC 62439-3
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2017; Melbourne, Australia; 19th-22nd November 2017 Vol. 2017, p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In a modern power system network having multiple interconnected High Voltage (HV) substations, communication amongst Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) becomes an important feature in an automation system. Time critical information, such as feeder faults, overcurrent, under frequency messages between multiple geographically isolated substations have opened up number of issues related to reliability in protection, automation and control. There are problems related to latency, data loss and transfer of Sampled Value (SV) packets transmitted to these inter-connected substations on radio wireless and Ethernet mode linked up in a Wide Area Network (WAN) configuration. Few other key area of concerns in a digital protection scheme are packet losses, errors in packet arrival at destination, latency in transmission, End to End delay in packet transfer due to flooding of the network, out of sequence packet arrival etc. Error prone packets could seriously compromise the protection scheme and endanger the safety of primary plant assets in a transmission substation. This paper investigates performance of SV packet transmission between two interconnected substations]. Practical simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of SV packets in a laboratory set up to assess the performance of digital protection scheme based on Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) topology involving digital equipment such as Merger Units (MUs), switches, IEDs and Redundant boxes (Red box), etc.
Performance evaluation of a process bus architecture in a zone substation based on IEC 61850-9-2
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2015; Brisbane, Australia; 15th-18th November 2015 Vol. 2016, p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ethernet communication has been the back bone of high speed communication in digital substations from protection relaying, control and automation perspective. Major substation manufacturers have been constantly upgrading softwares and adding new features in their Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED's) to carry out multiple functions in process bus devices. This paper presents simulation results with respect to the delay in packets transfer in an Ethernet environment. Understanding the delay in packet transfer of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sampled Values (SV) shall assist the user in understanding the substation automation, control and protection of substation primary plants such as current transformers (CT's), voltage transformers (VT's), circuit breakers etc. connected in the network during a fault condition Conventional substation uses Merging Units (MU's) to communicate with the IED's featuring IEC 61850-9-2 standard. This standard exhibits transparency and standardization of data communication while addressing issues related to reliability, packet sharing, and maintainability, etc. However, process bus architecture is yet to be widely accepted in the industry and needs further validation due to lack of confidence. This paper evaluates the performance of a digital protection scheme in a zone substation operating at 132kV, featuring IEC 61850-9-2 IED's and using an optimized network engineering tool (OPNET) simulator. Understanding the delay in receiving time critical GOOSE and sampled value SV messages from protection perspective is critical as loss of data could cause malfunction in the protection jeopardizing vital substation plants.
Performance monitoring of a PMU in a microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016; Brisbane, Australia; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Reliable protection, communication and control are the key features of a digital protection scheme in a utility substation. Microgrid is an alternative solution of installing long Transmission & Distribution lines could be cost prohibitive. There are number of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which could find applications in controlling and monitoring of power network in a Microgrid set up and one such device is Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). It is a microprocessor based intelligent device which gathers high-resolution data, checks the power quality and records disturbances. However, few issues that remains to be addressed such as, interoperability in a multi-vendor equipment and coordination between individual control systems in an integrated scheme. In this paper, an Operational Network Technology (OPNET) software model of a PMU has been designed and tested for its performance in a Microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5 standard.
Software implementation of two seamless redundant topologies in a digital protection system based on IEC 62439-3
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016; Brisbane, Australia; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Substations are the junctions of any transmission and distribution network in utilities. They carry bulk power to the customers using transmission network involving high voltage (HV) apparatus. Protection of HV equipment during a fault is the primary concern of an operator. Advancement in design and manufacturing of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and IEC 61850 are finding increased application in utilities from automation and communication perspective, which addresses few shortcomings that couldn't be resolved in a conventional system. However there are few challenges in the digital scheme such as end to end delays in the packet transfer and interoperability of devices. Utilities are able to perceive these benefits by leveraging on IEC 62439-3 which has two important topologies i.e. Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR). It offers seamless redundancy in digital protection network without compromising the availability and downtime cost. In this paper, an Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) is used to simulate and compare the performance of these topologies with respect to delay time.
- Description: Proceedings of the 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016
High performance communication redundancy in a digital substation based on IEC 62439-3 with a station bus configuration
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 25th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2015; Wollongong, Australia; 27th-30th September 2015 p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: High speed communication is critical in a digital substation from protection, control and automation perspectives. Although International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) 61850 standard has proven to be a reliable guide for the substation automation and communication systems, yet it has few shortcomings in offering redundancies in the protection architecture, which has been addressed better in IEC 62439-3 standard encompassing Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR). Due to single port failure, data losses and interoperability issues related to multi-vendor equipment, IEC working committee had to look beyond IEC 61850 standard. The enhanced features in a Doubly Attached Node components based on IEC 62439-3 provides redundancy in protection having two active frames circulating data packets in the ring. These frames send out copies in the ring and should one of the frame is lost, the other copy manages to reach the destination node via an alternate path, ensuring flawless data transfer at a significant faster speed using multi-vendor equipment and fault resilient circuits. The PRP and HSR topologies provides higher performance in a digitally protected substation and promise better future over the IEC 61850 standard due to its faster processing capabilities, increased availability and minimum delay in data packet transfer and wireless communication in the network. This paper exhibits the performance of PRP and HSR topologies focusing on the redundancy achievement within the network and at the end nodes of a station bus ring architecture, based on IEC 62439-3.
Performance analysis of substation automation systems architecture based on IEC 61850
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 24th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2014; Perth, Australia; 28th September-1st October 2014 p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Digital Communications amongst multi-vendor intelligent electronic devices (IED's) is an important feature of a substation automation system (SAS). Measuring the propagation delays and assessing the interoperability performance of IED's in an Ethernet architecture play a critical role in the protection of important substation assets. Early detection of the loss of data packets in a star connected Ethernet architecture is an important step towards identification of delay in message transfer issue. This identification of the problem could lead to reliable operation of protection system and better understanding of the issues of interoperability which may improve the protection system from safety and availability point of view. This paper focuses on a star connected architecture using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) software for a 132/22kV zone substation. It shares a practical case for measuring delay time in exchanging Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages amongst the IED's.
Performance evaluation of data transmission in a single and double bus network within the utility substation based on IEC 61850
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Muigai, John , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2014 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; National Harbor, United States; 27th-31st July 2014 Vol. 2014, p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Communication between intelligent electronic devices (IED's) is an important feature of a utility substation automation system based on IEC 61850. Time critical information related to fault and overcurrent, under frequency messages for substation automation system (SAS) and the use of IED's from multiple vendors, has opened up issues related to a reliable protection system within the high voltage substation. Early detection of the delay in data transmission over a Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) network is an important step towards identification of problems associated with the dynamic protection system. It is observed that non critical messages adds up the queuing time and delays in the delivery of the messages which could be an issue in the reliable operation of a protection system. In this paper an Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) model is created, tested and analysed for a single and double bus configuration in detail for the delay encountered in data transfer within a typical zone substation. In order to understand the delay in transmission of packets, a 132/22kV zone substation model is analysed and results are discussed based on GOOSE communication in an IEC 61850 environment. Further, the delay in communication is compared and analysed between a single and double bus system of a 132/22kV substation to determine the best alternative technique available from protection point of view in a SAS network.