Implicit individual differences : Relationships between implicit self-esteem, gender identity, and gender attitudes
- Authors: Aidman, Eugene , Carroll, Steve
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Personality Vol. 17, no. 1 (Jan-Feb 2003), p. 19-37
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- Description: The study examined whether the magnitude of same-sex-favouring implicit gender bias depends on individual differences in self-esteem and gender identity as theorized by Greenwald et al. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to measure implicit self-esteem, gender identity, and gender attitudes. Explicit self-esteem and gender identity were measured with questionnaires. The IAT revealed a strong automatic preference for female words in 34 female undergraduates but, surprisingly, no significant gender bias in 32 males. Individual levels of this gender bias were predicted in both sexes by IAT-derived implicit measures of self-esteem and gender identity, as well as by their interaction. Neither declared gender identity nor explicit self-esteem added to the prediction. The results are discussed in terms of balanced identity design and the potential influence of method effects on the findings. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000505
Phenological studies in Australia: Potential application in historical and future climate analysis
- Authors: Keatley, Marie , Fletcher, Tim , Hudson, Irene , Ades, Peter
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Climatology Vol. 22, no. 14 (Nov 2002), p. 1769-1780
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- Description: Phenological observations of eucalypts (Myrtaceae) were undertaken in four Australian states (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia) from the late 1920s until the early 1980s, by the respective State Forest Commissions. Unfortunately, few records have survived. For Victoria, surviving records encompass 42 forest districts, covering from less than 2 years to 42 years, and approximately 50 species. This paper concentrates on the flowering of four competing species (Eucalyptus leucoxylon, E. microcarpa, E. polyanthemos, and E. tricarpa) over 23 years (1940-62) from Maryborough, Victoria, recorded on a monthly basis by one observer over the period. This study represents one of the first attempts to utilize Australian phenological data to detect responses to climate change. There were no significant trends (P = 0.05) over time in the mean flowering commencement date. Forward stepwise regression found a significant relationship between temperature and flowering commencement in two species (E. leucoxylon: R-2 = 0.42, P < 0.01; E. polyanthemos: R-2 = 0.47, P = 0.02). Rainfall also had a significant influence on flowering commencement in E. tricarpa (R-2 = 0.60, P < 0.01), E. leucoxylon (R-2 = 0.43, P = 0.02) and E. polyanthemos (R-2 = 0.24, P < 0.01). The combination of temperature and rainfall (with temperature exerting the greatest influence), however, was significant for all species and had the most explanatory power (ranging from R-2 = 0.74 to 0.85, P < 0.01). Overall, in response to predicted increases in temperature and summer rainfall, E. leucoxylon and E. tricarpa would commence flowering later. In E. polyanthemos and E. microcarpa, increased temperature and rainfall will result in an earlier onset of flowering. Copyright (C) 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
- Description: 2003000171
Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of negative and positive emotional information processing : Comparing Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , Cooper, Andrew
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Personality Vol. 16, no. 5 (2002), p. 333-350
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- Description: This study compared how extraversion, neuroticism, and extraversion × neuroticism are related to processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information as predicted by Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories. Initially, the participants' levels of extraversion (as measured by the sociability subscale) and neuroticism were assessed with Eysenck's Personality Inventory. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant, and also neutral information. The results showed that extraversion was associated positively with the processing of pleasant information, while neuroticism was associated positively with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings support predictions from Eysenck's theory. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Description: 2003000179
A post Keynesian critique of privatization policies in transition economies
- Authors: Marangos, John
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of International Development Vol. 14, no. 5 (2002), p. 573-589
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- Description: The privatization policies implemented in transition economies were based on the neoclassical principles of economic thought. The neoclassical privatization policies contributed to the well-known results of a large reduction in output, high unemployment and inflation and a breakdown of institutional norms resulting in corruption and illegal activities. For the post Keynesians, there could have been a transition to a market economy without a substantial change in property ownership. This was because ownership, as such, was less important than competition, the incentive structure and the nature of regulatory policies. Consequently, post Keynesian policies of privatization would had resulted in a substantially smaller social cost of transition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
- Description: 2003000216
Perceptions of shared decision-making in severe mental illness : an integrative review
- Authors: Huang, Chongmei , Plummer, Virginia , Lam, Louisa , Cross, Wendy
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Vol. 27, no. 2 (Apr 2020), p. 103-127
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- Description: Accessible SummaryWhat is known about shared decision-making? There is increasing evidence of the positive impact of shared decision-making on health outcomes. There has been little exploration of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with serious mental illness from the perspectives of key stakeholders including consumers, families and mental health professionals. What this paper adds to existing knowledge? Consumers show variability in the preference for their involvement. Most stakeholders acknowledge the importance of family involvement. MHPs should share the responsibility and right to facilitate consumer involvement. There is bidirectional association between shared decision-making and therapeutic relationships. The practice of shared decision-making is related to multiple factors, and one main perceived barrier is time. The majority of studies are from Western countries. What are the implications for practice? Elicit consumer preferences and establish a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Encourage and engage families in treatment decision-making. Inter-professional collaboration should be integrated into shared decision-making. It might require lengthier consultation time. Studies in non-Western countries are needed to fully understand the impact of culture on shared decision-making. Shared decision-making (SDM) has been broadly advocated in health services and constitutes an important component of patient-centred care and relationship-based care. To review available literature related to perceptions of key stakeholders about shared decision-making in serious mental illness. An integrative review was conducted through a search of four online databases from January 2012 to June 2019. Forty-six articles were included. Six themes were generated from the data analysis: (a) dynamic preferences for SDM, (b) various stakeholders are rarely involved, (c) SDM is not routinely implemented, (d) multiple facilitators and barriers to SDM, (e) SDM and therapeutic relationships interact, (f) SDM has a promising impact on health outcomes. Overall, most stakeholders have recognized the importance and flexibility of SDM in serious mental illness, although it is not routine in mental health service. Consumer preferences show variability in their involvement. Most stakeholders acknowledged the importance of family involvement to treatment decision-making. There are several significant challenges to practice SDM. It may require extended consultation times and increasing empirical evidence regarding the SDM outcomes, as well as integrating inter-professional collaboration into SDM. Most studies were conducted in Western culture. Mental health nurses should elicit consumer preferences and establish a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Encourage and engage families in treatment decision-making when consumers prefer their families to be involved. Inter-professional collaboration should be integrated into shared decision-making. The practice of shared decision-making might need extended consultation time and more robust evidence about the outcome of shared decision-making. Studies in non-Western cultures are needed to fully understand cultural issues of shared decision-making. IntroductionAimMethodResultsDiscussionImplications for practice