Showing items 81 - 100 of 15461

Barriers to effective management of primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia: healthcare providers’ views using a qualitative approach

- Bewket, Tiruneh, Ensieh, Fooladi, Plummer, Virginia, McLelland, Gayle

  • Authors: Bewket, Tiruneh , Ensieh, Fooladi , Plummer, Virginia , McLelland, Gayle
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMC pregnancy and childbirth Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p. 1-755
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  • Description: Abstract Background Data showed that postpartum haemorrhage contributed to over 40% of in-hospital deaths of Ethiopian women. However, little is known about the barriers to effective management of primary postpartum haemorrhage. This study aims to explore the views and experiences of maternity healthcare professionals about the barriers to managing primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia using the ‘Three Delays’ model as a conceptual framework. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was employed at two tertiary referral hospitals between December 2018 and May 2019. Forty-one maternal healthcare providers, including midwives, midwifery unit managers, and obstetricians, participated in this study. Individual face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, and self-administered open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data. A framework analysis approach was used for the qualitative data analysis. Themes were identified based on the Three Delays model of ‘delay the decision to seek care’, ‘delay arrival at a health facility’, and ‘delay the provision of appropriate and quality care’. Results Participants reported several modifiable issues when managing primary postpartum haemorrhage, and all were linked to a delay in receiving appropriate and quality care due to limited resources. Five sub-themes were identified: ‘workforce’, ‘communication issues between healthcare providers’, ‘systemic issues’, ‘education, training, and resourcing issues’, and ‘lack of identification and referral’. Conclusion Maternal healthcare providers in these hospitals require training in managing a birthing emergency. In addition, the birth units need adequate supplies and continuous essential services.

Behavioral modeling and cognitive assessment in smart textiles

- Oatley, Giles, Choudhury, Tanveer, Buckman, Paul

  • Authors: Oatley, Giles , Choudhury, Tanveer , Buckman, Paul
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2022 Australasian Computer Science Week, ACSW 2022, Virtual, Online, 14-17 February 2022, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series p. 229-231
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  • Description: Smart textiles can be used as innovative solutions to amuse, meaningfully engage, comfort, entertain, stimulate, and to overall improve the quality of life for people living in care homes with dementia or its precursor mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We have developed a prototype smart textile system that uses capacitive sensing to loosely couple the textile overlay from the underlying technology layer. This inclusion of technology adds to the user experience and quality of life is increased. Additionally, by using microelectronics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and capacitive touch sensors we can represent and design a range of sophisticated memory and reasoning diagnostic/ assessment tools, which are detailed in this paper. © 2022 ACM.

Benchmark22 : undergraduate visual arts

  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Artwork , Visual art work
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  • Description: WED 3 AUG – FRI 26 AUG 2022 Cassie BYRON, Sarah CANHAM, Abbey CODY, Erin COOMANS, Liarne CORKE, Michael CREANEY, Hannah D’ANTONIO, Vanessa DICKSON, Katherine DOUGLAS, Kristen FREEMAN, Angela GERRARD, Greg HORRICKS, Peta KALISPERIS, Clayton KEEFE, Shelia-anne KORS, Kristen LEIGH, Stacy LIVITSANIS, Jasmine MCKAY, Sarah MISCHKER, Tiarna PRATTLEY, Tahlia ROBERTS, Selina ROBERTSON, Ilona TOPOLCSANYI, Travis TRUDGEON. In this important Arts Academy annual exhibition, twenty-four undergraduate Visual Arts students showcase their recent work. Here, students explore and experiment with a range of media, expressing complex ideas surrounding politics and society, fantasy and fiction, memory and nostalgia, and the environment across a broad range of disciplines including painting, printmaking, drawing, textiles, ceramics, sculpture and mixed-media. This exhibition was opened by Associate Professor Richard Chew, Director, Arts Academy Ballarat and Gippsland, Institute of Education, Arts and Community on Fri 5 Aug 2022. NB: Due to continuing health concerns with the COVID19 pandemic, we strongly suggest maintaining safe social distancing and wearing a mask in the Gallery space. Image: Abbey Cody Smoke Break, 2022 oil on wood 25.4 x 20.32 cm Courtesy the artist
  • Description: WED 3 AUG – FRI 26 AUG 2022 Cassie BYRON, Sarah CANHAM, Abbey CODY, Erin COOMANS, Liarne CORKE, Michael CREANEY, Hannah D’ANTONIO, Vanessa DICKSON, Katherine DOUGLAS, Kristen FREEMAN, Angela GERRARD, Greg HORRICKS, Peta KALISPERIS, Clayton KEEFE, Shelia-anne KORS, Kristen LEIGH, Stacy LIVITSANIS, Jasmine MCKAY, Sarah MISCHKER, Tiarna PRATTLEY, Tahlia ROBERTS, Selina ROBERTSON, Ilona TOPOLCSANYI, Travis TRUDGEON. In this important Arts Academy annual exhibition, twenty-four undergraduate Visual Arts students showcase their recent work. Here, students explore and experiment with a range of media, expressing complex ideas surrounding politics and society, fantasy and fiction, memory and nostalgia, and the environment across a broad range of disciplines including painting, printmaking, drawing, textiles, ceramics, sculpture and mixed-media. This exhibition was opened by Associate Professor Richard Chew, Director, Arts Academy Ballarat and Gippsland, Institute of Education, Arts and Community on Fri 5 Aug 2022. NB: Due to continuing health concerns with the COVID19 pandemic, we strongly suggest maintaining safe social distancing and wearing a mask in the Gallery space.

Bidirectional mapping coupled GAN for generalized zero-shot learning

- Shermin, Tasfia, Teng, Shyh, Sohel, Ferdous, Murshed, Manzur, Lu, Guojun

  • Authors: Shermin, Tasfia , Teng, Shyh , Sohel, Ferdous , Murshed, Manzur , Lu, Guojun
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Vol. 31, no. (2022), p. 721-733
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  • Description: Bidirectional mapping-based generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) methods rely on the quality of synthesized features to recognize seen and unseen data. Therefore, learning a joint distribution of seen-unseen classes and preserving the distinction between seen-unseen classes is crucial for GZSL methods. However, existing methods only learn the underlying distribution of seen data, although unseen class semantics are available in the GZSL problem setting. Most methods neglect retaining seen-unseen classes distinction and use the learned distribution to recognize seen and unseen data. Consequently, they do not perform well. In this work, we utilize the available unseen class semantics alongside seen class semantics and learn joint distribution through a strong visual-semantic coupling. We propose a bidirectional mapping coupled generative adversarial network (BMCoGAN) by extending the concept of the coupled generative adversarial network into a bidirectional mapping model. We further integrate a Wasserstein generative adversarial optimization to supervise the joint distribution learning. We design a loss optimization for retaining distinctive information of seen-unseen classes in the synthesized features and reducing bias towards seen classes, which pushes synthesized seen features towards real seen features and pulls synthesized unseen features away from real seen features. We evaluate BMCoGAN on benchmark datasets and demonstrate its superior performance against contemporary methods. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

Biology, distribution and management of the globally invasive weed Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade): A global review of current and future management challenges

- Roberts, Jason, Florentine, Singarayer

  • Authors: Roberts, Jason , Florentine, Singarayer
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Weed Research Vol. 62, no. 6 (2022), p. 393-403
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  • Description: Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav (silverleaf nightshade) is a deep-rooted, multi-stemmed, perennial, herbaceous woody plant that has been observed to threaten agricultural and native biodiversity worldwide. It is widely agreed that without efficient integrated management, S. elaeagnifolium will continue to cause significant economic and environmental damage across multiple scales. It is estimated that the annual economic impact of S. elaeagnifolium in Australia exceeds AUD $62 million, with this figure likely to be much higher in other countries invaded by this plant. It can also tolerate a high level of abiotic stress and survive in a range of temperatures (below freezing point to 34°C) and areas with an average yearly rainfall between 250 and 600 mm. Its extensive deep taproot system is capable of regenerating asexually and with its many seed dispersal mechanisms; it can quickly spread and establish itself within a region. This makes containment and management of the species especially challenging. Previous management has largely been focused on biological control, competition, essential oils, grazing pressure, herbicide application and manual removal. Despite the large range of available management techniques, there has been little success in the long-term control of S. elaeagnifolium, and only a handful of methods such as essential oils and herbicide application have shown reasonable success for controlling this weed. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the identified and potentially useful approaches to control S. elaeagnifolium that have been recorded in the literature which deal with its biology, distribution and management. It also explores previous and current management techniques to ascertain the research gaps and knowledge required to assist in the effective and economically sustainable management of this invasive weed. © 2022 The Authors. Weed Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Weed Research Society.

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by various chemically modified agricultural wastes : a review

- Syeda, Hina, Sultan, Ibrahim, Razavi, Kamal, Yap, Pow-Seng

  • Authors: Syeda, Hina , Sultan, Ibrahim , Razavi, Kamal , Yap, Pow-Seng
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Journal of Water Process Engineering Vol. 46, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: In recent years, with the global increase in industrialization, there has been a significant increase in the amount of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals being released into water bodies. Adsorption is considered as one of the most attractive methods due to its high efficiency and ability to remove heavy metals even at low concentration. Agricultural wastes-based biosorbents have attracted great interest due to their capability to effectively remove heavy metals from wastewater. Chemical modifications on biosorbents can significantly improve the biosorption capacities and the longevity of the biosorbents. Most of the adsorption studies followed the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted most of the adsorption kinetic studies. Moreover, ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and chelation were the governing adsorption mechanisms in most of the studies. The adsorption process was usually spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The regeneration of biosorbents was most effective when acids were used as eluents and this had allowed some biosorbents to be reused efficiently up to 10 times. To elucidate a practical perspective, analysis on column studies, adsorption performance using industrial wastewater, and cost analysis had been conducted. Cost analysis proved that agricultural wastes-based biosorbents are cheaper than traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Blasting pattern optimization using gene expression programming and grasshopper optimization algorithm to minimise blast-induced ground vibrations

- Bayat, Parichehra, Monjezi, Mejrdamesj, Mehrdanesh, Amirhosseina, Khandelwal, Manoj

  • Authors: Bayat, Parichehra , Monjezi, Mejrdamesj , Mehrdanesh, Amirhosseina , Khandelwal, Manoj
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Engineering with Computers Vol. 38, no. 4 (2022), p. 3341-3350
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  • Description: Blast-induced ground vibration is considered as one of the most hazardous phenomena of mine blasting, which can even cause casualties and severe damages to the adjacent properties. Measuring peak particle velocity (PPV) is helpful to know the actual vibration level but prediction of blast vibration prior to the blast is a tedious job due to involvement of blast design, explosive and rock parameters. Nowadays, efficient application of intelligent systems has been approved in different branches of science and technology. In this paper, a gene expression programming (GEP) model was developed to predict PPV using various blasting patterns as model inputs, which showed a high level of accuracy for the implemented model. Also, to optimize blast pattern attaining minimum ground vibration during blasting operation, the developed functional GEP model was taken as objective function for grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA). Construction of GOA model was performed using a trial and error mechanism to find out the best possible pertinent GOA parameters. Finally, it was observed that utilizing GOA technique, PPV can be reduced by 67% with optimized blast parameters including burden of 3.21 m, spacing of 3.75 m, and charge per delay of 225 kg. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to understand the influence of each input parameters on the blast vibrations. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd. part of Springer Nature.

Blockchain adaptation of remote patient monitoring with internet of medical things

- Godly, Cinthia, Balasubramanian, Venki, Jinila, Bevesh

Blood flow restriction exercise of the tibialis anterior in people with stroke : a preliminary study

- Kjeldsen, Simon, Næss-Schmidt, Erhard, Lee, Michael, de Oliveira, Camila, Nielsen, Jorgen, Stubbs, Peter

Boundary crossers : how providers facilitate ethnic minority families' access to dementia services

- Brijnath, Bianca, Gilbert, Andrew, Antoniades, Josefine, Croy, Samantha, Kent, Mike, Ellis, Katie, Browning, Colette, Goeman, Dianne, Adams, Jon

  • Authors: Brijnath, Bianca , Gilbert, Andrew , Antoniades, Josefine , Croy, Samantha , Kent, Mike , Ellis, Katie , Browning, Colette , Goeman, Dianne , Adams, Jon
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Vol. 77, no. 2 (2022), p. 396-406
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  • Description: Objectives: Providers who work closely with ethnic minority people with dementia and their families are pivotal in helping them access services. However, few studies have examined how these providers actually do this work. Using the concept of "boundary crossers,"this article investigates the strategies applied by these providers to facilitate access to dementia services for ethnic minority people with dementia and their families. Methods: Between 2017 and 2020, in-depth video-recorded interviews were conducted with 27 health, aged care, and community service providers working with ethnic minority people living with dementia across Australia. Interviews were conducted in one of seven languages and/or in English, then translated and transcribed verbatim into English. The data were analyzed thematically. Results: Family and community stigma associated with dementia and extra-familial care were significant barriers to families engaging with services. To overcome these barriers, participants worked at the boundaries of culture and dementia, community and systems, strategically using English and other vernaculars, clinical and cultural terminology, building trust and rapport, and assisting with service navigation to improve access. Concurrently, they were cognizant of familial boundaries and were careful to provide services that were culturally appropriate without supplanting the families' role. Discussion: In negotiating cultural, social, and professional boundaries, providers undertake multidimensional and complex work that involves education, advocacy, negotiation, navigation, creativity, and emotional engagement. This work is largely undervalued but offers a model of care that facilitates social and community development as well as service integration across health, aged care, and social services. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.

Brief report : pregnancy, birth and infant feeding practices : a survey-based Investigation into risk factors for autism spectrum disorder

- Whitely, Aleesha, Shandley, Kerrie, Huynh, Minh, Brown, Christine, Austin, David, Bhowmik, Jahar

  • Authors: Whitely, Aleesha , Shandley, Kerrie , Huynh, Minh , Brown, Christine , Austin, David , Bhowmik, Jahar
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Vol. 52, no. 11 (2022), p. 5072-5078
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  • Description: A succession of interconnected environmental factors is believed to contribute substantially to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This exploratory study therefore aims to identify potential risk factors for ASD that are associated with pregnancy, birth and infant feeding. Demographic and health-related data on children aged 3–13 years (N = 4306) was collected through an online survey completed by biological mothers. A fitted logistic regression model identified advanced maternal age, prenatal bleeding, pre-eclampsia, perinatal pethidine usage, foetal distress before birth and male sex of child as associated with an increased risk of ASD, whereas longer gestational duration demonstrated a protective effect. These findings highlight potential risk factors and predictor interrelationships which may contribute to overall ASD risk. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Buffering the fear of COVID-19 : social connectedness mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological wellbeing

- Humphrey, Ashley, March, Evita, Lavender, Andrew, Miller, Kyle, Alvarenga, Marlies, Mesagno, Christopher

  • Authors: Humphrey, Ashley , March, Evita , Lavender, Andrew , Miller, Kyle , Alvarenga, Marlies , Mesagno, Christopher
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Behavioral Sciences Vol. 12, no. 3 (2022), p.
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  • Description: Social connections are crucial for an individual’s health, wellbeing, and overall effective functioning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one major preventative effort for reducing the spread of COVID-19 involved restricting people’s typical social interactions through physical distancing and isolation. The current cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, explored the relationship among fear of COVID-19, social connectedness, resilience, depressive symptomologies, and self-perceived stress. Participants (N = 174) completed an anonymous, online questionnaire, and results indicated that social connectedness mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological wellbeing. In contrast, the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological wellbeing was not mediated by resilience. These findings highlight the important role that social connections and resilience play in buffering against negative psychological wellbeing outcomes, especially during a pandemic. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Can systemic myokine response to an acute exercise bout predict high and low responders to resistance training?

- Bell, Leo, Wallen, M., Talpey, Scott, O'Brien, B.

  • Authors: Bell, Leo , Wallen, M. , Talpey, Scott , O'Brien, B.
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Medical Hypotheses Vol. 160, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: Resistance training is performed to increase muscle strength and mass. Associated benefits relate to improvements in physical performance as well as reduced risk of mortality. However, the exercise response to resistance training is largely variable. This may be attributed to individual physiological phenotype and flawed methods of standardised training. Recent efforts have been made to identify biomarkers which delineate between high and low responders to resistance training. Myokines associated with exercise-induced muscle secretome are biomarkers that potentially differentiate between individuals that experience large or small increases in muscle mass. However, the repeatability of these biomarkers in response to standardised resistance training is understudied. Therefore, this research seeks to address the inter and intra-reliability of myokines associated with resistance exercise, and if they confidently predict high and low responders to individually standardised resistance training. Development of a screening tool which reliably identifies individual trainability can have potential implications for personalised exercise physiology. © 2022

Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019

- Kocarnik, Jonathan, Compton, Kelly, Dean, Fean, Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian, Harvey, James, Henrikson, Hannah, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Ababneh, Emad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdoli, Amir, Abedi, Aidin, Abidi, Hassan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Adedeji, Isaac, Adnani, Qorinath, Advani, Shailesh, Afzal, Muhammad, Aghaali, Mohammad, Ahinkorah, Bright, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz

  • Authors: Kocarnik, Jonathan , Compton, Kelly , Dean, Fean , Fu, Weijia , Gaw, Brian , Harvey, James , Henrikson, Hannah , Lu, Dan , Pennini, Alyssa , Xu, Rixing , Ababneh, Emad , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abbastabar, Hedayat , Abd-Elsalam, Sherief , Abdoli, Amir , Abedi, Aidin , Abidi, Hassan , Abolhassani, Hassan , Adedeji, Isaac , Adnani, Qorinath , Advani, Shailesh , Afzal, Muhammad , Aghaali, Mohammad , Ahinkorah, Bright , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmad, Tauseef , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmadi, Sepideh , Ahmed Rashid, Tarik , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: JAMA Oncology Vol. 8, no. 3 (2022), p. 420-444
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  • Description: IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**

Characterising soil physical properties of selected temperate highland peat swamps on sandstone in the Sydney basin bioregion

- Shaygan, Mandana, Baumgartl, Thomas, McIntyre, Neil

  • Authors: Shaygan, Mandana , Baumgartl, Thomas , McIntyre, Neil
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Vol. 40, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: Study region: Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. Study focus: Some of Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone of Sydney Basin overlie existing underground mining areas, which may impact the hydrological fluxes into and out of the swamps. Understanding and predicting these potential impacts and their consequences for swamps’ vegetation requires knowledge of the relevant physical properties of the soil, however such knowledge is almost completely absent from the literature. This study addresses this gap, and provides new insight into the degree and nature of variability between swamp sites, and between groups of swamps, the soil properties controlling these variabilities and the classification of these swamps in the context of peatland. Soil samples were collected up to a depth of 750 mm from ten sites in Upper Nepean and Newnes Plateau swamps. Samples were analysed for organic matter, bulk density, texture, saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention characteristics. New hydrological insights: Not only the organic matter, but also bulk density and sand content control soil physical properties of the swamps. Soil properties vary between swamps; however, the variabilities were not large relative to those found in peatlands globally. These THPSS of the Sydney Basin cannot be classified as peatland and so their soil parameters cannot be estimated through the generalisation of peatland soil physical properties. It is concluded that the insights into soil properties provide new scope for developing hydrological models to assist in hydrological and ecological impacts analysis of the swamps. © 2022 The Authors

Characterization of legacy landfills with electrical resistivity tomography; a comparative study

- Guinea, Ander, Bicknell, J., Cox, Nicole, Swan, Haydn, Simmons, N.

  • Authors: Guinea, Ander , Bicknell, J. , Cox, Nicole , Swan, Haydn , Simmons, N.
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Applied Geophysics Vol. 203, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: Historic landfills that were constructed to standards that would not meet current regulations represent environmental and human-health risks. The adequate characterization of legacy landfills is paramount to manage the risks they pose effectively. In this study, the non-invasive geophysical technique of electrical resistivity tomography has been used to characterize two sites that have been identified as posing risks to the local environment. The sites are significantly different in the type of waste present, moisture content, type of bedrock and shape and distribution of the waste; although they have in common that neither site is lined. The results of the resistivity imaging have allowed defining the boundaries of the landfill and the depth of the waste. Different types of waste and their distribution have been identified. Additionally, a relationship between the resistivity distribution and the release of residual gas from the landfill has been described; where the presence of saturated clay in the waste prevents the release of said gasses. This is be associated with locations with higher resistivity and lower clay content. That relationship is not observed when the clay is dry. When interpreting the results, the heterogeneous nature of the waste can lead to misinterpretations due to resistivity overlap between the bedrock and the waste materials. Therefore, comparison of the resistivity models with direct information like borehole logs can significantly improve the reliability of the interpretations. However, the resistivity survey should predate the installation of bores to identify the most suitable locations for them. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

CHIEF : clustering With higher-order motifs in big networks

- Xia, Feng, Yu, Shuo, Liu, Chengfei, Li, Jianxin, Lee, Ivan

  • Authors: Xia, Feng , Yu, Shuo , Liu, Chengfei , Li, Jianxin , Lee, Ivan
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering Vol. 9, no. 3 (2022), p. 990-1005
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  • Description: Clustering network vertices is an enabler of various applications such as social computing and Internet of Things. However, challenges arise for clustering when networks increase in scale. This paper proposes CHIEF (Clustering with HIgher-ordEr motiFs), a solution which consists of two motif clustering techniques: standard acceleration CHIEF-ST and approximate acceleration CHIEF-AP. Both algorithms firstly find the maximal $k$-edge-connected subgraphs within the target networks to lower the network scale by optimizing the network structure with maximal $k$-edge-connected subgraphs, and then use heterogeneous four-node motifs clustering in higher-order dense networks. For CHIEF-ST, we illustrate that all target motifs will be kept after this procedure when the minimum node degree of the target motif is equal or greater than $k$. For CHIEF-AP, we prove that the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix are relatively stable after this step. CHIEF offers an improved efficiency of motif clustering for big networks, and it verifies higher-order motif significance. Experiments on real and synthetic networks demonstrate that the proposed solutions outperform baseline approaches in large network analysis, and higher-order motifs outperform traditional triangle motifs in clustering. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Clustering-based real-time anomaly detection—a breakthrough in big data technologies

- Habeeb, Riyaz, Nasaruddin, Fariza, Gani, Abdullah, Amanullah, Mohamed, Hashem, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Ejaz, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Habeeb, Riyaz , Nasaruddin, Fariza , Gani, Abdullah , Amanullah, Mohamed , Hashem, Ibrahim , Ahmed, Ejaz , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Vol. 33, no. 8 (2022), p.
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  • Description: Off late, the ever increasing usage of a connected Internet-of-Things devices has consequently augmented the volume of real-time network data with high velocity. At the same time, threats on networks become inevitable; hence, identifying anomalies in real time network data has become crucial. To date, most of the existing anomaly detection approaches focus mainly on machine learning techniques for batch processing. Meanwhile, detection approaches which focus on the real-time analytics somehow deficient in its detection accuracy while consuming higher memory and longer execution time. As such, this paper proposes a novel framework which focuses on real-time anomaly detection based on big data technologies. In addition, this paper has also developed streaming sliding window local outlier factor coreset clustering algorithms (SSWLOFCC), which was then implemented into the framework. The proposed framework that comprises BroIDS, Flume, Kafka, Spark streaming, SparkMLlib, Matplot and HBase was evaluated to substantiate its efficacy, particularly in terms of accuracy, memory consumption, and execution time. The evaluation is done by performing critical comparative analysis using existing approaches, such as K-means, hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN), isolation forest, spectral clustering and agglomerative clustering. Moreover, Adjusted Rand Index and memory profiler package were used for the evaluation of the proposed framework against the existing approaches. The outcome of the evaluation has substantially proven the efficacy of the proposed framework with a much higher accuracy rate of 96.51% when compared to other algorithms. Besides, the proposed framework also outperformed the existing algorithms in terms of lesser memory consumption and execution time. Ultimately the proposed solution enable analysts to precisely track and detect anomalies in real time. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Collaborative filtering with network representation learning for citation recommendation

- Wang, Wei, Tang, Tao, Xia, Feng, Gong, Zhiguo, Chen, Zhikui, Liu, Huan

  • Authors: Wang, Wei , Tang, Tao , Xia, Feng , Gong, Zhiguo , Chen, Zhikui , Liu, Huan
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Big Data Vol. 8, no. 5 (2022), p. 1233-1246
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  • Description: Citation recommendation plays an important role in the context of scholarly big data, where finding relevant papers has become more difficult because of information overload. Applying traditional collaborative filtering (CF) to citation recommendation is challenging due to the cold start problem and the lack of paper ratings. To address these challenges, in this article, we propose a collaborative filtering with network representation learning framework for citation recommendation, namely CNCRec, which is a hybrid user-based CF considering both paper content and network topology. It aims at recommending citations in heterogeneous academic information networks. CNCRec creates the paper rating matrix based on attributed citation network representation learning, where the attributes are topics extracted from the paper text information. Meanwhile, the learned representations of attributed collaboration network is utilized to improve the selection of nearest neighbors. By harnessing the power of network representation learning, CNCRec is able to make full use of the whole citation network topology compared with previous context-aware network-based models. Extensive experiments on both DBLP and APS datasets show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, recall, and MRR (Mean Reciprocal Rank). Moreover, CNCRec can better solve the data sparsity problem compared with other CF-based baselines. © 2015 IEEE.

Community expectations and anticipated outcomes for crisis support services—Lifeline Australia

- Ma, Jennifer, Batterham, Philip, Kõlves, Kairi, Woodward, Alan, Bradford, Sally, Klein, Britt, Titov, Nickolai, Mazzer, Kelly, O’Riordan, Megan, Rickwood, Debra

  • Authors: Ma, Jennifer , Batterham, Philip , Kõlves, Kairi , Woodward, Alan , Bradford, Sally , Klein, Britt , Titov, Nickolai , Mazzer, Kelly , O’Riordan, Megan , Rickwood, Debra
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 30, no. 5 (2022), p. 1775-1788
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  • Description: Crisis lines provide a critical first line of mental wellbeing support for community members in distress. Given the increasing referral to such services, there is a need to understand what the expectations of the community are around the role of such services in our public health responses. A computer assisted telephone interview was undertaken between 28th October and 30th November 2019. The aim was to explore expectations and anticipated outcomes of Lifeline Australia's crisis support services from a nationally representative community sample (N = 1,300). Analysis was undertaken to determine if demographic variables (age, gender, indigenous status, country of birth, culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) status, sexual orientation, household composition, region and State/territory) and past service use affected community expectations. Results showed that a majority of respondents expected Lifeline to listen and provide support, recommend other services, and provide information. Help-seekers were expected to feel heard and listened to, receive safety advice or support to stay safe, and feel more hopeful. Lifeline was expected to prioritise people feeling suicidal, in immediate personal crisis, and experiencing domestic violence. Findings reveal that community members hold expectations for Lifeline Australia to serve as a suicide prevention and general crisis support service, which are congruent with the service's aims. There was little variation in community expectations of crisis support services based on demographic factors and past service use. The results show that the community has extensive and diverse expectations for this national crisis service to meet both short and longer-term needs for all vulnerable members of the community—entailing a very substantial public health service responsibility. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.