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Blockchain based smart auction mechanism for distributed peer-to-peer energy trading

- Islam, Md Ezazul, Chetty, Madhu, Lim, Suryani, Chadhar, Mehmood, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Islam, Md Ezazul , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Chadhar, Mehmood , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 55th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2022, Virtual, online, 3-7 January 2022, Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Vol. 2022-January, p. 6013-6022
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  • Description: Blockchain based framework provides data immutability in a distributed network. In this paper, we investigate the application of blockchain for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. Traditional energy trading systems use simple passing mechanisms and basic pricing methods, thus adversely affect the efficiency and buyers' social welfare. We propose a blockchain based energy trading mechanism that uses smart passing of unspent auction reservations to (a) minimise the time taken to settle an auction (convergence time), (b) maximise the number of auction settlement; and (c) incorporate second-price auction pricing to maximise buyers' social welfare in a distributed double auction environment. The entire mechanism is implemented within Hyperledger Fabric, an open-source blockchain framework, to manage the data and provide smart contracts. Experiments show that our approach minimises the convergence time, maximises the number of auction settlement, and increases the social welfare of buyers compared to existing methods. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Comparison between wired versus wireless mode of digital protection scheme leveraging on PRP topology

- Kumar, Shantanu, Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Das, Narottam, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 4th IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022, Virtual, online, 4-7 December 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022
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  • Description: Applications of Digital communication in power systems have undergone revolutionary changes in the last decade due to the advancement in technology encompassing substation automation system (SAS). The reasons for veering away from traditional copper based secondary wiring for protection schemes to Ethernet and fiber optic (FO) include economic gains, faster project delivery, ease of diagnostics, less engineering and design efforts. However, digital systems still comprise some challenges such as latencies, data losses, and packet clogging during high traffic. Errors in packets transmission and associated difficulties in publication and subscription of generic object-oriented substation events (GOOSE) and sampled value (SV) packets in a Wide Area Network (WAN) substation based on IEC 62439-3 protocol call for a detailed investigation. This paper compares the performance of wired and wireless mode of digital secondary scheme based on simulation and physical set up leveraging on Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) topology. It presents different scenarios for SV packets in a process bus and provides analysis to the data packet transmission due to traffic and network clogging in wired and wireless topologies. © 2022 IEEE.

Design of hybrid power system stabilizer for dynamic stability improvement using cultural algorithm

- Patel, Jasmeen, Das, Narottam, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Patel, Jasmeen , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 4th IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022, Virtual, online, 4-7 December 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022
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  • Description: In power system the stability is an important property that varies on the operational condition and the interruption to which it is exposed. The power system network endangered to the similar disruption can be stable at one operational situation (e.g., in off-peak hours) and not stable at another (e.g., at peak times). Similarly, a network at one operational situation can be stable to one disturbance and not stable to another. Consequently, stability reports generally involve the analysis of several cases, in order to cover various disruptions of interest and the key points of operation of the system. This research recommends various stabilizers such as, Power system stabilizers (PSS), Proportional Integration Differentiation (PID) and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) to decrease oscillations due to small signal disruption. The PSS-Voltage stabilizer generates impulses at the time of speed-change which usually results in positive PSS output. Using the FOPID procedure in relation with PSS, this approach can decrease these impulses. Using this approach, the generated impulses are finally decreased. Genetic Algorithm, particle swarm optimization and cultural algorithm are used for parameter fine-tuning of all the stabilizers. All these algorithms will help to tune parameters at soft computing level and then again tuned by two stabilizers which are FOPID and PSS. Now, again two stabilizers will tune and provide output needs to compare and average output to get required tuned values. Finally, the average of two stabilizers will field circuit and drive rotor according to the value given to it. © 2022 IEEE.

False data detection in a clustered smart grid using unscented Kalman filter

- Rashed, Muhammad, Kamruzzaman, Joarder, Gondal, Iqbal, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Rashed, Muhammad , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Gondal, Iqbal , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 10, no. (2022), p. 78548-78556
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  • Description: The smart grid accessibility over the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming attractive to electrical grid operators as it brings considerable operational and cost efficiencies. However, this in return creates significant cyber security challenges, such as fortification of state estimation data such as state variables against false data injection attacks (FDIAs). In this paper, a clustered partitioning state estimation (CPSE) technique is proposed to detect FDIA by using static state estimation, namely, weighted least square (WLS) method in conjunction with dynamic state estimation using minimum variance unscented Kalman filter (MV-UKF) which improves the accuracy of state estimation. The estimates acquired from the MV-UKF do not deviate like WLS as these are purely based on the previous iteration saved in the transition matrix. The deviation between the corresponding estimations of WLS and MV-UKF are utilised to partition the smart grid into smaller sub-systems to detect FDIA and then identify its location. To validate the proposed detection technique, FIDAs are injected into IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 118-bus, and IEEE 300-bus distribution feeder using MATPOWER simulation platform. Our results clearly demonstrate that the proposed technique can locate the attack area efficiently compared to other techniques such as chi square. © 2013 IEEE.

Incorporating price information in Blockchain-based energy trading

- Islam, Ezazul, Chetty, Madhu, Lim, Suryani, Chadhar, Mehmood, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Islam, Ezazul , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Chadhar, Mehmood , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings
  • Relation: SIG SAND -Systems Analysis and Design, 2022; Minneapolis; August 10th-14th, 2022 in AMCIS 2022 Proceedings. 6.
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  • Description: Blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) ecosystem is well suited for distributed energy trading as it is inherently decentralised. In a distributed energy trading, an auctioneer passes unspent reservations to the next auctioneer, as dictated by the passing mechanism. However, traditional P2P energy trading systems used passing mechanisms that only partially consider the auction capability of the next auctioneer. We propose iPass, which incorporates price information when passing unspent auction reservations in P2P energy trading environment. The three performance metrics applied to measure the trading efficiency are (a) auction convergence time, (b) the number of auction settlements, and (c) the economic surplus of buyers and sellers. We simulated the proposed mechanism in Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned blockchain framework. Hyperledger Fabric manages the data storage and smart contracts. Experiments show iPass is more efficient compared to existing passing mechanisms.

Modelling and experimental assessment of high-frequency oscillation in DC microgrid

- Habibullah, Mohammad, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Mithulananthan, Nadarajah, Islam, Syed, Islam, Rabiul

Overview of power converter control in microgrids - challenges, advances, and future trends

- Hu, Jiefeng, Shan, Yinghao, Cheng, Ka, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Hu, Jiefeng , Shan, Yinghao , Cheng, Ka , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Vol. 37, no. 8 (2022), p. 9907-9922
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  • Description: As the electronic interfaces between distributed energy resources and the electrical network, power converters play a vital role in voltage stabilization and power conversion. So far, various power converter control methods have been developed. Now it is urgently needed to compare and understand these approaches to support the smart microgrid pyramid. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of parallel power converter control in microgrid applications. The most important control schemes to address existing challenges, including concentrated control, master-slave control, droop mechanism, virtual synchronous generators, virtual oscillator control, distributed cooperative control, and model predictive control, are highlighted and analyzed in detail. In addition, the hierarchical control structure, as well as future trends, are reviewed and discussed. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

Power quality improvement of a solar powered bidirectional smart grid and electric vehicle integration system

- Paidimukkala, Nikitha, Das, Narottam, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Paidimukkala, Nikitha , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 4th IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022, Virtual, online, 4-7 December 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022
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  • Description: This research paper mainly focuses on photovoltaic (PV) smart grid (SG) and electric vehicles (EVs) integration with two-way power flow capabilities by charging/discharging and power quality improvements using the power converters. Due to the increase of energy demand by rapid growth of population, it is necessary to modernize the power grid with improved power quality, such that the energy converted by solar PV (SPV) can be transmitted and stored as the excess amount of power in terms of batteries to use at peak load demand. The batteries of the EVs charge at a low level of demand and discharged at peak demand. The EVs can function both as a load and an energy supplier to the SG. The simulation results demonstrate the functioning of interfaced smart G2V system by observing and improving the factors such as power factor, power regulation and elimination of harmonics by constructing a power electronic network which can perform bidirectional power flow and balancing the network using MATLAB/Simulink software. Subsequentially, the improvement of power quality of the integrated system by analyzing power compensation, voltage regulation and harmonics mitigation of the integration system has been examined in detail. © 2022 IEEE.

Prediction of positive cloud-to-ground lightning striking zones for tilted thundercloud based on line charge model

- Barman, Surajit, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Islam, Syed, Kumar, Apurv

  • Authors: Barman, Surajit , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Syed , Kumar, Apurv
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2022, Melbourne, 20-23 November 2023, 2022 IEEE PES 14th Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) Vol. 2022-November
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  • Description: Bushfire is known as one of the ascendant factors to create pyrocumulus thundercloud that causes the ignition of new fires by pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) lightning strikes mostly of positive polarity, and causes massive damage to nature and infrastructure. A conceptual model-based risk planning would be beneficial to predict the lightning striking zones on the surface of the earth underneath the pyroCb thundercloud. In this paper, a simple line charge structured thundercloud model is constructed in 2-D coordinates using the method of images to predict the probable +CG (positive cloud-To-ground) lightning striking zones on the earth's surface for tilted dipole thundercloud charge configuration. The electric potential distribution and ground surface charge density for tilted dipole thundercloud is investigated via continuously adjusting the position and charge density of its charge regions. Simulation results confirm the initiation of negative charged density for the wind shear extension of upper positive charge region by 2 to 8 km, and would expect +CG lightning to strike within 7.88 to 20 km around the earth periphery particularly in the direction of the cloud's forward flank. The proposed model would serve as the foundation to identify the probable lightning affected area as well as can also be extended to analyze the hazardous situation appears in wind energy farms or agricultural fencing situated nearby the power grid during pyroCb events. © 2022 IEEE.

Resilience of stablecoin reserve for distributed energy trading

- Islam, Md Ezazul, Chetty, Madhu, Lim, Suryani, Chadhar, Mehmood, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Islam, Md Ezazul , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Chadhar, Mehmood , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2022, Melbourne, Australia, 20-23 November 2022, Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC Vol. 2022-November
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  • Description: For payment settlement, a blockchain-based Peer-To-Peer (P2P) energy trading requires a stable medium of exchange with little price volatility. Stablecoins, the most suitable medium of exchange, gaining concentration even from central banks. A consortium of central banks recommends complying with capital and liquidity standards for the high-quality liquid asset (HQLA) for the solvency of banks or financial institutions. Stablecoin as HQLA requires the adaption of such standards in P2P energy trading for reserve resilience. We propose a mechanism (NF90) that controls the inflow of stablecoins responding to Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) for reserve resilience. Basel III accord recommends 100% of LCR. We measure the efficiency of NF90 concerning LCR as a metric. We simulate the proposed mechanism in Hyperledger Fabric as a permissioned blockchain platform for decentralisation, data storage, and smart contract. Experiments show that NF90 is the most efficient inflow control mechanism compared to other simulated mechanisms. © 2022 IEEE.

Risk and resiliency assessments of renewable dominated edge of grid under high-impact low-probability events -a Review

- Surinkaew, Tossaporn, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Islam, Syed

Vulnerability assessment framework for a smart grid

- Rashed, Muhammad, Kamruzzaman, Joarder, Gondal, Iqbal, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Rashed, Muhammad , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Gondal, Iqbal , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 4th IEEE Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference, GPECOM 2022, Cappadocia, Turkey, 14-17 June 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE 4th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference, GPECOM 2022 p. 449-454
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  • Description: The increasing demand for the interconnected IoT based smart grid is facing threats from cyber-attacks due to inherent vulnerability in the smart grid network. There is a pressing need to evaluate and model these vulnerabilities in the network to avoid cascading failures in power systems. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a vulnerability assessment framework based on attack probability for the protection and security of a smart grid. Several factors were taken into consideration such as the probability of attack, propagation of attack from a parent node to child nodes, effectiveness of basic metering system, Kalman estimation and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The IEEE-300 bus smart grid was simulated using MATPOWER to study the effectiveness of the proposed framework by injecting false data injection attacks (FDIA); and studying their propagation. Our results show that the use of severity assessment standards such as Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), AMI measurements and Kalman estimates were very effective for evaluating the vulnerability assessment of smart grid in the presence of FDIA attack scenarios. © 2022 IEEE.

Applications of power electronics in renewable energy systems

- Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Power Electronics Handbook Chapter 23 p. 797-843
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  • Description: The Kyoto and Paris agreements on global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have prompted renewed interest in the adoption of clean renewable energy systems worldwide. Many renewable energy technologies have been well developed over the years and become morereliable, and cost-competitive with conventional fuel-based generation. The cost of renewable energy technologies is on a falling trend and is expected to fall further with the increase in demand and production. There are many renewable energy sources (RES) such as biomass, solar, wind, mini-hydro, and tidal power. However, solar and wind energy systems make use of advanced power electronics technologies, and therefore, the focus in this chapter will be on solar photovoltaic and wind power systems. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Domestic load management with coordinated photovoltaics, battery storage and electric vehicle operation

- Das, Narottam, Haque, Akramul, Zaman, Hasneen, Morsalin, Sayidul, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Das, Narottam , Haque, Akramul , Zaman, Hasneen , Morsalin, Sayidul , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 11, no. (2023), p. 12075-12087
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  • Description: Coordinated power demand management at residential or domestic levels allows energy participants to efficiently manage load profiles, increase energy efficiency and reduce operational cost. In this paper, a hierarchical coordination framework to optimally manage domestic load using photovoltaic (PV) units, battery-energy-storage-systems (BESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) is presented. The bidirectional power flow of EV with vehicle to grid (V2G) operation manages real-time domestic load profile and takes appropriate coordinated action using its controller when necessary. The proposed system has been applied to a real power distribution network and tested with real load patterns and load dynamics. This also includes various test scenarios and prosumer's preferences e.g., with or without EVs, number of EV owners, number of households, and prosumer's daily activities. This is a combined hybrid system for hierarchical coordination that consists of PV units, BES systems and EVs. The system performance was analyzed with different commercial EV types with charging/ discharging constraints and the result shows that the domestic load demand on the distribution grid during the peak period has been reduced significantly. In the end, this proposed system's performance was compared with the prediction-based test techniques and the financial benefits were estimated. © 2013 IEEE.

Forced oscillation management in a microgrid with distributed converter-based resources using hierarchical deep-learning neural network

- Surinkaew, Tossaporn, Emami, Kianoush, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Islam, Md Rabiul, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Surinkaew, Tossaporn , Emami, Kianoush , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Md Rabiul , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 222, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: In future microgrids (MGs), increasing penetration of distributed converter-based resources (DCRs) has inevitably resulted in the problem of inertia scarcity. The interaction, combination, and/or resonance among converter control loops of DCRs, forced inputs, grid parameters, parasitic elements in networks, and system dominant modes can lead to major forced oscillations (FOs). Previous research works mostly focused the problem of FOs on large-scale power systems. However, the effects of FOs in MGs may be more severe than large-scale power systems due to the lower system inertia. With different characteristics of each DCR, conventional FO management methods applied in large-scale power systems may be ineffective. In this paper, a unified AI-framework named hierarchical deep-learning neural network (HiDeNN) is proposed to effectively handle the FOs in a MG with DCRs. To properly managing the FOs, the HiDeNN is divided into three levels for FO detection, identification, and mitigation, respectively. By considering big data produced from DCRs, the HiDeNN is used to solve complicated FO management problems with a low computational demand. By comparison to conventional FO management methods, performances of the proposed HiDeNN are verified in the modified IEEE 13-node feeder with DCRs under various operating points and FO conditions. © 2023

Numerical model of cloud-to-ground lightning for pyroCb thunderstorms

- Barman, Surajit, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Islam, Syed, Kumar, Apurv

  • Authors: Barman, Surajit , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Syed , Kumar, Apurv
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Vol. 16, no. (2023), p. 8689-8701
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  • Description: This paper demonstrates a 2-D numerical model to represent two conceptual pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) thundercloud structures: i) tilted dipole and ii) tripole structure with enhanced lower positive charge layer, which are hypothesized to explain the occurrence of lightning flashes in pyroCb storms created from severe wildfire events. The presented model considers more realistic thundercloud charge structures to investigate the electrical states and determine surface charge density for identifying potential lightning strike areas on Earth. Simulation results on dipole structure-based pyroCb thunderclouds confirm that the wind-shear extension of its upper positive (UP) charge layer by 2-8 km reduces the electric field and indicates the initiation of negative surface charge density around the earth periphery underneath the anvil cloud. These corresponding lateral extensions have confined the probable striking zone of-CG and +CG lightning within 0-23.5 km and 23.5-30 km in the simulation domain. In contrast, pyroCb thundercloud possessing the tripole structure with enhanced lower positive charge develops a negative electric field at the cloud's bottom part to block the progression of downward negative leader and cause the surface charge density beneath the thundercloud to become negative, which would lead to the formation of +CG flashes. Later, a parametric study is conducted assuming a positive linear correlation between the charge density and aerosol concentration to examine the effect of high aerosol concentration on surface charge density in both pyroCb thunderclouds. The proposed model can be expanded into 3-D to simulate lightning leader movement, aiding wildfire risk management. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

Reverse blocking over current busbar protection scheme based on IEC 61850 architecture

- Kumar, Shantanu, Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Das, Narottam, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Vol. 59, no. 2 (2023), p. 2225-2233
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  • Description: Substation Automation System (SAS) is currently in a matured state of technology that shall facilitate transformational changes from conventional protection scheme. IEC 61850 protocol is considered as the crux of digital SAS due to its multifunction features that include seamless communication, ability to integrate various intelligent electronic devices, potential for improved real-time condition monitoring, reliable protection, and control of critical electrical assets. Because the application of IEC 61850 in SAS is relatively new and has not fully implemented in many substations yet, further feasibility studies using multivendor equipment to assess its performance under different operating conditions is imperative. In this article, a practical reliable and efficient reverse blocking over current bus bar protection scheme based on IEC 61850 is implemented and tested. Also, a comparison of digital SAS and conventional protection scheme is presented to highlight the superiority of the former one. Experimental results attest the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed digital protection scheme along with the accuracy and security of transmitting data packets using sampled values and generic objective-oriented substation event communication protocols adopted by IEC 61850. © 2022 IEEE.

Review of the legacy and future of IEC 61850 protocols encompassing substation automation system

- Kumar, Shantanu, Abu-Siada, Ahmed, Das, Narottam, Islam, Syed

  • Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Electronics (Switzerland) Vol. 12, no. 15 (2023), p.
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  • Description: Communication protocols play a pivotal role in the substation automation system as they carry critical information related to asset control, automation, protection, and monitoring. Substation legacy protocols run the assets’ bulk data on multiple wires over long distances. These data packets pass through multiple nodes, which makes the identification of the location and type of various malfunctions a challenging and time-consuming task. As downtime of substations is of high importance from a regulatory and compliance point of view, utilities are motivated to revisit the overall scheme and redesign a new system that features flexibility, adaptability, interoperability, and high accuracy. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various legacy protocols and highlights the path forward for a new protocol laid down as per the IEC 61850 standard. The IEC 61850 protocol is expected to be user-friendly, employ fiber optics instead of conventional copper wires, facilitate the application of non-conventional instrument transformers, and connect Ethernet wires to multiple intelligent electronic devices. However, deployment of smart protocols in future substations is not a straightforward process as it requires careful planning, shutdown and foreseeable issues related to interface with proprietary vendor equipment. Along with the technical issues of communication, future smart protocols call for advanced personnel and engineering skills to embrace the new technology. © 2023 by the authors.