Description:
We examine augmented Lagrangians for optimization problems with a single (either inequality or equality) constraint. We establish some links between augmented Lagrangians and Lagrange-type functions and propose a new kind of Lagrange-type functions for a problem with a single inequality constraint. Finally, we discuss a supergradient algorithm for calculating optimal values of dual problems corresponding to some class of augmented Lagrangians.
Description:
Like many other coastal systems across the world, the Coorong lagoonal ecosystem (South Australia) has degraded over the last 100 years; in this case as a result of extensive regulation and diversions of water across the Murray-Darling Basin following European settlement. To evaluate whether the sources of organic matter (OM) supporting its food-web have changed since the inception of water management and barrage construction, sedimentary OM was characterised in cores spanning the Coorong’s salinity gradient at depths representative of the last 100 years over which the management alterations to river and estuarine flow were most marked. Detailed 210Pb, 137Cs and Pu dating in conjunction with palaeolimnological data (Pinus pollen) allowed for the reconstruction of the timing of substantial changes observed in the composition of the OM, most of which occur during the early 1950s, concurrent with management-related variations in water flow and salinity. Negative shifts in
Description:
Like many other coastal systems across the world, the Coorong lagoonal ecosystem (South Australia) has degraded over the last 100 years; in this case as a result of extensive regulation and diversions of water across the Murray-Darling Basin following European settlement. To evaluate whether the sources of organic matter (OM) supporting its food-web have changed since the inception of water management and barrage construction, sedimentary OM was characterised in cores spanning the Coorong’s salinity gradient at depths representative of the last 100 years over which the management alterations to river and estuarine flow were most marked. Detailed 210Pb, 137Cs and Pu dating in conjunction with palaeolimnological data (Pinus pollen) allowed for the reconstruction of the timing of substantial changes observed in the composition of the OM, most of which occur during the early 1950s, concurrent with management-related variations in water flow and salinity. Negative shifts in
Description:
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait (ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) by multi-source (teachers and parents) design across a 3-month interval in a sample of 360 Australian elementary school children. The purpose was to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the ADHD-inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/ impulsivity (H/I) measures. Although similar traits and similar sources showed stronger correlations across time than dissimilar traits and dissimilar sources, the amount of source variance in the ADHD-IN and ADHD-H/I measures was substantial and consistent across the interval (M = 59%; range = 35-84%). This large amount of source variance raises the possibility that the correlations of the IN and H/I rating scales with other constructs (e.g., social competence, conduct problems) represent mostly source rather than trait effects. Multitrait by multisource analyses provide a means to answer this question and further advance understanding of ADHD.
Description:
Lakes of western Victoria are typically shallow (2-3 m), slightly saline (3-8 ppt) and eutrophic (total phosphorus 0.1-5 mg l-1 and total nitrogen 3-8 mg l-1). These lakes are prone to algal blooms in late spring and summer. We conducted experiments in ponds to determine whether lake zooplankton exert enough grazing pressure to control algal blooms and also if carp predation can regulate zooplankton communities and increase algal biomass. Zooplankton grazing (high zooplankton, low zooplankton and control) and carp predation (carp, nutrient and control) experiments had three treatments and each treatment had three replicates. Algal numbers and biomass (28
Description:
In this paper we study the set of statistical cluster points of sequences in m-dimensional spaces. We show that some properties of the set of statistical cluster points of the real number sequences remain in force for the sequences in m-dimensional spaces too. We also define a notion of T-statistical convergence. A sequence x is