Generic three-dimensional visualization for distributed simulations
- Authors: Stratton, David , Miller, James
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at SimTect 2004: the Ninth Simulation Technology & Training Conference, Canberra : 24th June, 2004
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- Description: E1
- Description: 2003000935
Dynamic reconfiguration of telecommunication networks
- Authors: Dzalilov, Zari , Ouveysi, Iradj , Rubinov, Alex
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at the Industrial Optimisation 2003 Conference, Perth : 30th October, 2002
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- Description: E1
- Description: 2003000451
The behaviour of the measure of surround in relation to the diameter and spatial structure of a forest stand
- Authors: Graz, Patrick
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Forest Research Vol. 127, no. 2 (2008), p. 165-171
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- Description: Forestry inventory practices have, in the past, concentrated on obtaining information primarily required for timber management. To assess the ecological impact of exploitation, particularly under continuous cover forest management, diversity measures are required that consider the structural diversity in a forest stand. The measure of surround that was initially developed in Germany may be used to quantify the spatial interspersion of different tree size classes as a measure of spatial diversity. While the measure of surround has been applied to practical problems in the past, little is known about its actual performance in relation to stand compositions. This study investigate the behaviour of the index using a number of simulated age class distributions under various degrees of interspersion to provide a norm against which it may be compared. The measure of surround applied to diameter distributions is closely related to the diameter structure of a stand. When diameter classes are interspersed completely randomly within a stand the relative cumulative frequency of the diameter class provides an estimator of the size specific measure of surround. This provides a baseline from which the index may be interpreted. © Springer-Verlag 2007.
- Description: C1
A general purpose visualization architecture for distributed simulation
- Authors: Fraser, Michael , Stratton, David
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at SimTect 2004: the Ninth Simulation Technology & Training Conference, Canberra : 24th May, 2004
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- Description: E1
- Description: 2003000857
I think I can, I think I can, I think I can...I know I can : Multi-user Virtual Environments (MUVEs) as a means of developing competence and confidence in undergraduate nursing students : An Australian perspective
- Authors: Peck, Blake , Miller, Charlynn
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 2, no. 2 (2010), p. 4571-4575
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- Description: The consideration of emerging technologies for use in higher education is critical. The implications for the enhancement of scenario-based learning for students in areas such as nursing where active learning is necessary, but often unwieldy, makes a compelling argument for the incorporation of virtual technologies such as Second Life. Building upon studies that have established that simulation based learning can lead to improved levels of student confidence and competence for real-world clinical practice, this study illuminates the development of a virtual clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing students and the subsequent opportunities available to students within a Multi-user Virtual Environment (MUVE). © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: 2003008258
Dynamic reconfiguration and graph theory approaches to failures in IT based telecommunication networks
- Authors: Patel, Keyurkumar , Dzalilov, Zari
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 4th IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Simulation, and Optimisation, Marbella, Spain : 17-19th August, 2004 p. 219-244
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- Description: For the last quarter of a century understanding of the nature of telecommunication network traffic has been considered as an important research topic. Any well designed recovery strategy has to take into account the different resilience requirements of the single traffic flows in order to avoid excessive usage of bandwidth for standby links. Faced with multiple recovery options, an internet service provider (ISP) must decide which flows to protect to what extent against networks. Traditional techniques and models used to determine the availability and failure rates of telecommunications networks are based on classic failure models such as Mean-time between failure and Mean-time between service outage predictors. Network failures occur for many different reasons and occur in many different forms. These classic models only assume that the failure is caused by a hardware component of the network. With the widespread deployment of Internet technologies other factors that cause or contribute to failure in a telecommunications network must be explored. Two additional failure modes to existing published failure models, failure from Denial of Service attacks, and failures due to catastrophic events have been identified and defined along with an initial outline of a generalized prediction model based on Dynamic System Theory. Discussion is done on the effects of failures and survivability issues in network failures and how to overcome failures in IT based telecommunication network
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003002567
Adding thermal information to multisensory input in simulated environments
- Authors: Van Doorn, George , Richardson, Barry , Symmons, Mark , Wells, Jonathan
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems Vol. 2, no. 4 (2009 2009), p. 350-362
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- Description: Although simulated environments are improved by adding sensory information, temperature is one input that has rarely featured in them. Here we report findings from experiments that examine the efficacy of adding temperature information to the multimodal complex known to be of benefit in simulations. In the first experiment, Peltier tiles added thermal information to the kinesthetic feedback given by a hand-worn exoskeletal device and this increased ratings for 'presence' during interactions with simulated objects. In an experiment in which exploratory movements across surfaces of differing temperatures were either active or passive-guided, the degree of 'coldness' felt at the fingertip was reported as less intense when movement was active, suggesting that intentionality of movement plays a role in the attenuation of the thermal stimulus. Other work reported here suggests that the perception of temperature is not influenced by a simultaneously presented colour. For example, the perception of coldness is not enhanced when it is processed in conjunction with a blue colour. We discuss the potential value of thermal information within the context of the hypothesis that presence in simulated environments is enhanced by multisensory inputs that include redundant information.
Patient deterioration simulation experiences: impact on teaching and learning
- Authors: Buykx, Penny , Cooper, Simon J. , Kinsman, Leigh , Scholes, Julie , McConnell-Henry, Tracy , Cant, Robyn
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Collegian: Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia Vol. 19, no. 3 (2012), p. 125-129
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- Description: Early recognition and management of patient deterioration are essential nursing skills, and can be improved through education and experience. However, both nursing students and registered nurses may have few opportunities to develop and maintain the emergency management skills necessary to ensure patient safety. Using both theory and empirical evidence, we have developed a simulation-based educational model, ‘FIRST2ACT’ (Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends), to provide nurses with a high-fidelity learning experience. The model has been tested in three different settings: it is highly acceptable to learners, adaptable to different training needs, and shows promise in improving actual clinical performance.
Influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic response of a heavy haul railway embankment
- Authors: Shi, Jin , Chan, Andrew , Burrow, Michael
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F-Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit Vol. 227, no. 6 (November 2013 2013), p. 657-667
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- Description: It is not uncommon for conventional ballasted railway track systems to have unsupported sleepers due the uneven settlement of the ballast or subgrade. In order to investigate the possible implications of unsupported sleepers, this paper describes the development of a dynamic finite element model which includes wheel/rail friction. The developed model was used to investigate the behavior of a section of existing track on the ballasted Shuohuang heavy haul railway line in China. The investigation showed that the maximum displacement of the rails and sleepers increases significantly with the number of consecutive unsupported sleepers. Furthermore, the magnitude of the displacement between an unsupported sleeper and the ballast is likely to greatly exacerbate ballast/sleeper attrition and reduce the fatigue life of the hanging sleeper. An increase in the number of unsupported sleepers amplifies these effects. In addition, it was found that the sleepers adjacent to unsupported ones carry an additional load resulting potentially in their increased wear and additional damage to the substructure. To better understand the wider implications of the presence of unsupported sleepers on track performance, the stability, safety (in terms of derailment) and potential for rail and substructure damage were computed as a function of the number of unsupported sleepers (one to four) and compared with specifications. The results showed that the number of unsupported sleepers has a significant adverse impact on all four measures. However, while the effects on stability, safety and rail damage were within the limits suggested in specifications, even when four sleepers were modeled, the potential for substructure failure within a typical design life of the railway system was identified.
- Description: C1
Developing team based acute care scenarios: a rural hospital experience
- Authors: Missen, Karen , Sparkes, Louise , Porter, Joanne , Cooper, Simon J. , McConnell-Henry, Tracy
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Emergency Nursing Vol. 21, no. 3 (2013), p. 186-189
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- Description: Background Health professionals work in teams in a variety of health care settings especially in medical emergency teams at times of crisis. However, Registered Nurses (RNs) rarely have the chance to partake in educational programs designed for teams of nurses to practice working together in life-threatening situations. Further RN’s employed in rural setting have less opportunities for professional development than their city based counterparts. Simulated scenarios with a patient actor in a rural hospital have been utilised in this study to provide nurses with the opportunity to work as a team in the early recognition and management of patients with acute medical conditions. Aim This discussion paper focuses on one aspect of a larger research project with the aim of describing the development of team based scenarios for a rural hospital setting, focusing on the detection and management of a deteriorating patient. Methods Three team based scenarios, the related assessments and feedback techniques are all described. Conclusion Team based simulation provides a unique opportunity to assist registered nurses in rural settings in re-skilling or maintaining their emergency management skills.
Agent teamwork and reorganisation: exploring self-awareness in dynamic situations
- Authors: Keogh, Kathleen , Sonenberg, Liz
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Fifth International Workshop on Agent Technology for Disaster Management, Workshop Program, AAMAS 2006, Hakodate, Japan : 8th May, 2006
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- Description: We propose attributes that are needed in sophisticated agent teams capable of working to manage an evolving disaster. Such agent teams need to be dynamically formed and ca- pable of adaptive reorganization as the demands and com- plexity of the situation evolve. The agents need to have self- awareness of their own roles, responsibilities and capabilities and be aware of their relationships with others in the team. Each agent is not only empowered to act autonomously to- ward realizing their goals, agents are also able to negotiate to change roles as a situation changes, if reorganization is required or perceived to be in the team interest. The hierar- chical 'position' of an agent and the 'relationships' between agents govern the authority and obligations that an agent adopts. Such sophisticated agents might work in a collabora- tive team with people to self-organize and manage a critical incident such as a bush-¯re. We are planning to implement a team of agents to interface with a bush-¯re simulation, working with people in real time, to test our architecture.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001730
The FIRST2ACT simulation program improves nursing practice in a rural Australian hospital
- Authors: Kinsman, Leigh , Buykx, Penny , Cant, Robyn , Champion, Robert , Cooper, Simon J. , Endacott, Ruth , McConnell-Henry, Tracy , Missen, Karen , Porter, Joanne , Scholes, Julie
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Rural Health Vol. 20, no. 5 (2012), p. 270-274
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- Description: Objective: To measure the impact of the Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends (FIRST2ACT) simulation program on nursing observations and practice relevant to patient deterioration in a rural Australian hospital. Design: Interrupted time series analysis. Setting: A rural Australian hospital. Participants: All registered nurses (Division 1) employed on an acute medical/surgical ward. Intervention: The FIRST2ACT simulation program. Outcome measures: Appropriate frequency of a range of observations and administration of oxygen therapy. Results: Thirty-four nurses participated (83% of eligible nurses) in the FIRST2ACT program, and 258 records were audited before the program and 242 records after. There were statistically significant reductions in less than satisfactory frequency of observations (P = 0.009) and pain score charting (P = 0.003). There was no measurable improvement in the administration of oxygen therapy (P = 0.143), while the incidence of inappropriate nursing practice for other measures both before and after the intervention was too low to warrant analysis. Conclusion: FIRST2ACT was associated with measurable improvements in nursing practice.
Simulation based learning in midwifery education: a systematic review
- Authors: Cooper, Simon J. , Cant, Robyn , Porter, Joanne , Bogossian, Fiona , McKenna, Lisa , Brady, Susannah , Fox-Young, Stephanie
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Women and Birth Vol. 25, no. 2 (2012), p. 64-78
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- Description: Abstract Aim To critically examine the evidence for simulation based learning in midwifery education. Background Simulated Learning Programs (SLPs) using low to high fidelity techniques are common in obstetric professionals’ education and focus on the development of team work, labour and obstetric emergencies. Review methods A systematic review incorporating critical appraisal approaches, setting clear objectives and a defined search and analysis strategy. Evidence from obstetrics, neonatology, technical and non-technical skills (teamwork) was included where it informed the development of midwifery curricula. Studies in English from 2000 to 2010 were included searching CINAHL Plus, OVID Medline, Cochrane, SCOPUS and ProQuest and Google Scholar. Results Twenty-four papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. All were quantitative reports; outcomes and levels of evidence varied with two notable papers indicating that simulation had an impact on clinical practice. Benefits of SLP over didactic formats were apparent, as were the development of non-technical skills confidence and competence. The study outcomes were limited by the range of evidence and context of the reports which focussed on obstetric emergency training using a number of simulation techniques. Conclusion There is evidence that simulated learning of midwifery skills is beneficial. Simulation learning has an educational and clinical impact and advantages over didactic approaches. Where clinical practice is infrequent i.e. obstetric emergencies, simulation is an essential component of curricula. Simulation enhances practice and therefore may reduce the time taken to achieve competence; however there is no evidence from the literature that simulation should replace clinical practice.
Managing patient deterioration: A protocol for enhancing student nurses' competence through web-based simulation and feedback techniques
- Authors: Cooper, Simon J. , Beauchamp, Alison , Bogossian, Fiona , Bucknall, Tracey , Cant, Robyn , Devries, Brett , Endacott, Ruth , Forbes, Helen , Hill, Robyn , Kinsman, Leigh , Kain, Victoria , McKenna, Lisa , Porter, Joanne , Phillips, Nicole , Young, Susan
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Nursing Vol. 11, no. 18 (2012), p.1-7
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- Description: Aims To describe a funded proposal for the development of an on-line evidence based educational program for the management of deteriorating patients. Background There are international concerns regarding the management of deteriorating patients with issues around the ‘failure to rescue’. The primary response to these issues has been the development of medical emergency teams with little focus on the education of primary first responders. Design/Methods A mixed methods triangulated convergent design. In this four phase proposal we plan to 1. examine nursing student team ability to manage deteriorating patients and based upon these findings 2. develop web based educational material, including interactive scenarios. This educational material will be tested and refined in the third Phase 3, prior to evaluation and dissemination in the final phase. Conclusion This project aims to enhance knowledge development for the management of deteriorating patients through rigorous assessment of team performance and to produce a contemporary evidence-based online training program.
Managing deteriorating patients: Registered nurses' performance in a simulated setting
- Authors: Cooper, Simon J. , McConnell-Henry, Tracy , Cant, Robyn , Porter, Joanne , Missen, Karen , Kinsman, Leigh , Endacott, Ruth , Scholes, Julie
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Open Nursing Journal Vol. 5, no. (2011), p. 120-126
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- Description: Aim: To examine, in a simulated environment, rural nurses’ ability to assess and manage patient deterioration using measures of knowledge, situation awareness and skill performance. Background: Nurses’ ability to manage deterioration and ‘failure to rescue’ are of significant concern with questions over knowledge and clinical skills. Simulated emergencies may help to identify and develop core skills. Methods: An exploratory quantitative performance review. Thirty five nurses from a single ward completed a knowledge questionnaire and two video recorded simulated scenarios in a rural hospital setting. Patient actors simulated deteriorating patients with an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as the primary diagnosis. How aware individuals were of the situation (levels of situation awareness) were measured at the end of each scenario. Results: Knowledge of deterioration management varied considerably (range: 27%-91%) with a mean score of 67%. Average situation awareness scores and skill scores across the two scenarios (AMI and COPD) were low (50%) with many important observations and actions missed. Participants did identify that ‘patients’ were deteriorating but as each patient deteriorated staff performance declined with a reduction in all observational records and actions. In many cases, performance decrements appeared to be related to high anxiety levels. Participants tended to focus on single signs and symptoms and failed to use a systematic approach to patient assessment. Conclusion: Knowledge and skills were generally low in this rural hospital sample with notable performance decrements as patients acutely declined. Educational models that incorporate high fidelity simulation and feedback techniques are likely to have a significant positive impact on performance.
Enhancing tertiary healthcare education through 3D MUVE-based simulations
- Authors: Miller, Charlynn , Lee, Mark , Rogers, Luke , Peck, Blake
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Teaching through multi-user virtual environments: applying dynamic elements to the modern classroom p. 341-364
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- Description: This chapter focuses specifically on the use of three-dimensional multi-user virtual environments (3D MUVEs) for simulation-based teaching and learning in tertiary-level healthcare education. It draws on a broad range of extant research conducted over the past three decades, synthesizing this with newer developments and examples that have emerged since the advent and proliferation of the “3D Web.” The chapter adopts and advocates a research-informed approach to surveying and examining current initiatives and future directions, backed by relevant literature in the areas of online learning, constructivist learning theory, and simulations. Both opportunities and challenges are discussed, with the aim of making a contribution to the development of best practice in the field.
- Description: 2003008456
Managing women with acute physiological deterioration: student midwives performance in a simulated setting
- Authors: Cooper, Simon J. , Bulle, Bree , Biro, Mary Anne , Jones, Janet , Miles, Maureen , Gilmour, Carole , Buykx, Penny , Boland, Rosemarie , Kinsman, Leigh , Scholes, Julie , Endacott, Ruth
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Women and Birth Vol. 25, no. 3 (2012), p. e27-e36
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- Description: Abstract Objective Midwives’ ability to manage maternal deterioration and ‘failure to rescue’ are of concern with questions over knowledge, clinical skills and the implications for maternal morbidity and, mortality rates. In a simulated setting our objective was to assess student midwives’ ability to assess, and manage maternal deterioration using measures of knowledge, situation awareness and skill, performance. Methods An exploratory quantitative analysis of student performance based upon performance, ratings derived from knowledge tests and observational ratings. During 2010 thirty-five student, midwives attended a simulation laboratory completing a knowledge questionnaire and two video, recorded simulated scenarios. Patient actresses wearing a ‘birthing suit’ simulated deteriorating, women with post-partum and ante-partum haemorrhage (PPH and APH). Situation awareness was, measured at the end of each scenario. Applicable descriptive and inferential statistical tests were, applied to the data. Findings The mean total knowledge score was 75% (range 46–91%) with low skill performance, means for both scenarios 54% (range 39–70%). There was no difference in performance between the scenarios, however performance of key observations decreased as the women deteriorated; with significant reductions in key vital signs such as blood pressure and blood loss measurements. Situation, awareness scores were also low (54%) with awareness decreasing significantly (t(32) = 2.247, p = 0.032), in the second and more difficult APH scenario. Conclusion Whilst knowledge levels were generally good, skills were generally poor and decreased as the women deteriorated. Such failures to apply knowledge in emergency stressful situations may be resolved by repetitive high stakes and high fidelity simulation.
Managing the deteriorating patient in a simulated environment: Nursing students' knowledge , skill, and situation awareness
- Authors: Cooper, Simon J. , Kinsman, Leigh , Buykx, Penny , McConnell-Henry, Tracy , Endacott, Ruth , Scholes, Julie
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 19, no. 15 (2009), p. 2309-2318
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- Description: Abstract AIM: To examine, in a simulated environment, the ability of final-year nursing students to assess, identify and respond to patients either deteriorating or at risk of deterioration. BACKGROUND: The early identification and management of patient deterioration has a major impact on patient outcomes. 'Failure to rescue' is of international concern, with significant concerns over nurses' ability to detect deterioration, the reasons for which are unknown. DESIGN: Mixed methods incorporating quantitative measures of performance (knowledge, skill and situation awareness) and, to be reported at a later date, a qualitative reflective review of decision processes. METHODS: Fifty-one final-year, final-semester student nurses attended a simulation laboratory. Students completed a knowledge questionnaire and two video-recorded simulated scenarios (mannequin based) to assess skill performance. The scenarios simulated deteriorating patients with hypovolaemic and septic shock. Situation awareness was measured by randomly stopping each scenario and asking a series of questions relating to the situation. RESULTS: The mean knowledge score was 74% (range 46-100%) and the mean skill performance score across both scenarios was 60% (range 30-78%). Skill performance improved significantly (p < 0.01) by the second scenario. However, skill performance declined significantly in both scenarios as the patient's condition deteriorated (hypovolaemia scenario: p = 0.012, septic scenario: p = 0.000). The mean situation awareness score across both scenarios was 59% (range 38-82%). Participants tended to identify physiological indicators of deterioration (77%) but had low comprehension scores (44%). CONCLUSION: Knowledge scores suggest, on average, a satisfactory academic preparation, but this study identified significant deficits in students' ability to manage patient deterioration. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study suggests that student nurses, at the point of qualification, may be inadequately prepared to identify and manage deteriorating patients in the clinical setting.
FIRST2ACT: Educating nurses to identify patient deterioration - a theory-based model for best practice simulation education
- Authors: Buykx, Penny , Kinsman, Leigh , Cooper, Simon J. , McConnell-Henry, Tracy , Cant, Robyn , Endacott, Ruth
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 31, no. 7 (2011), p. 687-693
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- Description: Delayed assessment and mismanagement of patient deterioration is a substantial problem for which educational preparation can have an impact. This paper describes the development of the FIRST2ACT simulation model based on well-established theory and contemporary empirical evidence. The model combines evidence-based elements of assessment, simulation, self-review and expert feedback, and has been tested in undergraduate nurses, student midwives and post-registration nurses. Participant evaluations indicated a high degree of satisfaction and substantial self-rated increases in knowledge, confidence and competence. This evidence-based model should be considered for both undergraduate and post-registration education programs.
Simulation in the Internet age: The place of Web-based simulation in nursing education. An integrative review
- Authors: Cant, Robyn , Cooper, Simon J.
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 34, no. 12 (2014), p. 1435-1442
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- Description: Objective The objective of this article was to review the literature on utilisation and place of Web-based simulation within nursing education. Web-based simulation combines electronic multimedia options with a central video or virtual world to produce interactive learning activities mediated by the learner. Design An integrative review. Data sources A search was conducted of healthcare databases between 2000 and 2014 and of Internet sources for hosted simulation programs in nursing. Eighteen primary programs were identified for inclusion. Review methods A strategy for integrative review was adopted in which studies were identified, filtered, classified, analysed and compared. Results and discussion Of 18 programs, two game-based programs were identified which represented a ‘virtual world’ in which students could simultaneously or individually immerse themselves in a character role-play. However, most programs (n = 10) taught an aspect of procedural patient care using multimedia (e.g. video, audio, graphics, quiz, text, memo). Time-limited sequences, feedback and reflective activities were often incorporated. Other studies (n = 8) taught interpersonal communication skills or technical skills for equipment use. Descriptive study outcomes indicated ease of program use, strong satisfaction with learning and appreciation of program accessibility. Additionally, four studies reported significant improvements in knowledge post-intervention. Conclusion Web-based simulation is highly acceptable to students and appears to provide learning benefits that align with other simulation approaches and it augments face-to-face teaching. Web-based simulation is likely to have a major place in nursing curricula in the next decade, yet further research is necessary to objectively evaluate learner outcomes and to justify its use.