Efficient deterministic algorithm for huge-sized noisy sensor localization problems via canonical duality theory
- Authors: Latorre, Vittorio , Gao, David
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics Vol. 51, no. 10 (2021), p. 5069-5081
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- Description: This paper presents a new deterministic method and a polynomial-time algorithm for solving general huge-sized sensor network localization problems. The problem is first formulated as a nonconvex minimization, which was considered as an NP-hard based on conventional theories. However, by the canonical duality theory, this challenging problem can be equivalently converted into a convex dual problem. By introducing a new optimality measure, a powerful canonical primal-dual interior (CPDI) point algorithm is developed which can solve efficiently huge-sized problems with hundreds of thousands of sensors. The new method is compared with the popular methods in the literature. Results show that the CPDI algorithm is not only faster than the benchmarks but also much more accurate on networks affected by noise on the distances. © 2013 IEEE.
On modeling and complete solutions to general fixpoint problems in multi-scale systems with applications
- Authors: Ruan, Ning , Gao, David
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Fixed Point Theory and Applications Vol. 2018, no. 1 (2018), p. 1-19
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- Description: This paper revisits the well-studied fixed point problem from a unified viewpoint of mathematical modeling and canonical duality theory, i.e., the general fixed point problem is first reformulated as a nonconvex optimization problem, its well-posedness is discussed based on the objectivity principle in continuum physics; then the canonical duality theory is applied for solving this challenging problem to obtain not only all fixed points, but also their stability properties. Applications are illustrated by problems governed by nonconvex polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic operators. This paper shows that within the framework of the canonical duality theory, there is no difference between the fixed point problems and nonconvex analysis/optimization in multidisciplinary studies.
On SPD method for solving canonical dual problem in post buckling of large deformed elastic beam
- Authors: Ali, Elaf , Gao, David
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Communications in Mathematical Sciences Vol. 16, no. 5 (2018), p. 1225-1240
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- Description: This paper presents a new methodology and algorithm for solving post buckling problems of a large deformed elastic beam. The total potential energy of this beam is a nonconvex functional, which can be used to model both pre- and post-buckling phenomena. By using a canonical dual finite element method, a new primal-dual semi-definite programming (PD-SDP) algorithm is presented, which can be used to obtain all possible post-buckled solutions. Applications are illustrated by several numerical examples with different boundary conditions. We find that the global minimum solution of the nonconvex potential leads to a stable configuration of the buckled beam, the local maximum solution leads to the unbuckled state, and both of these two solutions are numerically stable. However, the local minimum solution leads to an unstable buckled state, which is very sensitive to axial compressive forces, thickness of beam, numerical precision, and the size of finite elements. The method and algorithm proposed in this paper can be used for solving general nonconvex variational problems in engineering and sciences.
Double well potential function and its optimization in the n-dimensional real space - Part I
- Authors: Fang, Shucherng , Gao, David , Lin, Gang-Xuan , Sheu, Ruey-Lin , Xing, Wenxun
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization Vol. 13, no. 3 (2017), p. 1291-1305
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- Description: A special type of multi-variate polynomial of degree 4, called the double well potential function, is studied. It is derived from a discrete approx imation of the generalized Ginzburg-Landau functional, and we are interested in understanding its global minimum solution and all local non-global points. The main difficulty for the model is due to its non-convexity. In Part I of the paper, we first characterize the global minimum solution set, whereas the study for local non-global optimal solutions is left for Part II. We show that, the dual of the Lagrange dual of the double well potential problem is a linearly constrained convex minimization problem, which, under a designated nonlin ear transformation, can be equivalently mapped to a portion of the original double well potential function containing the global minimum. In other words, solving the global minimum of the double well potential function is essentially a convex minimization problem, despite of its non-convex nature. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the important features of the problem and the mapping in between.
Double well potential function and its optimization in the N-dimensional real space -- Part I
- Authors: Fang, Shucherng , Gao, David , Lin, Gang-Xuan , Sheu, Ruey-Lin , Xing, Wenxun
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization Vol. 13, no. 3 (2017), p. 1291-1305
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- Description: A special type of multi-variate polynomial of degree 4, called the double well potential function, is studied. It is derived from a discrete approximation of the generalized Ginzburg-Landau functional, and we are interested in understanding its global minimum solution and all local non-global points. The main difficulty for the model is due to its non-convexity. In Part I of the paper, we first characterize the global minimum solution set, whereas the study for local non-global optimal solutions is left for Part II. We show that, the dual of the Lagrange dual of the double well potential problem is a linearly constrained convex minimization problem, which, under a designated nonlinear transformation, can be equivalently mapped to a portion of the original double well potential function containing the global minimum. In other words, solving the global minimum of the double well potential function is essentially a convex minimization problem, despite of its non-convex nature. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the important features of the problem and the mapping in between.
On modeling and global solutions for d.c. optimization problems by canonical duality theory
- Authors: Jin, Zhong , Gao, David
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Mathematics and Computation Vol. 296, no. (2017), p. 168-181
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- Description: This paper presents a canonical d.c. (difference of canonical and convex functions) programming problem, which can be used to model general global optimization problems in complex systems. It shows that by using the canonical duality theory, a large class of nonconvex minimization problems can be equivalently converted to a unified concave maximization problem over a convex domain, which can be solved easily under certain conditions. Additionally, a detailed proof for triality theory is provided, which can be used to identify local extremal solutions. Applications are illustrated and open problems are presented.
- Description: This paper presents a canonical d.c. (difference of canonical and convex functions) programming problem, which can be used to model general global optimization problems in complex systems. It shows that by using the canonical duality theory, a large class of nonconvex minimization problems can be equivalently converted to a unified concave maximization problem over a convex domain, which can be solved easily under certain conditions. Additionally, a detailed proof for triality theory is provided, which can be used to identify local extremal solutions. Applications are illustrated and open problems are presented. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
On the convexity of nonlinear elastic energies in the right Cauchy-Green tensor
- Authors: Gao, David , Neff, Patrizio , Roventa, Ionel , Thiel, Christian
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Elasticity Vol. 127, no. 2 (2017), p. 303-308
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- Description: We present a sufficient condition under which a weak solution of the Euler-Lagrange equations in nonlinear elasticity is already a global minimizer of the corresponding elastic energy functional. This criterion is applicable to energies which are convex with respect to the right Cauchy-Green tensor , where denotes the gradient of deformation. Examples of such energies exhibiting a blow up for are given.
Analytical solutions to general anti-plane shear problems in finite elasticity
- Authors: Gao, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics Vol. 28, no. 1-2 (2016), p. 175-194
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- Description: This paper presents a pure complementary energy variational method for solving a general anti-plane shear problem in finite elasticity. Based on the canonical duality–triality theory developed by the author, the nonlinear/nonconvex partial differential equations for the large deformation problem are converted into an algebraic equation in dual space, which can, in principle, be solved to obtain a complete set of stress solutions. Therefore, a general analytical solution form of the deformation is obtained subjected to a compatibility condition. Applications are illustrated by examples with both convex and nonconvex stored strain energies governed by quadratic-exponential and power-law material models, respectively. Results show that the nonconvex variational problem could have multiple solutions at each material point, the complementary gap function and the triality theory can be used to identify both global and local extremal solutions, while the popular convexity conditions (including rank-one condition) provide mainly local minimal criteria and the Legendre-Hadamard condition (i.e., the so-called strong ellipticity condition) does not guarantee uniqueness of solutions. This paper demonstrates again that the pure complementary energy principle and the triality theory play important roles in finite deformation theory and nonconvex analysis. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Canonical duality for solving general nonconvex constrained problems
- Authors: Latorre, Vittorio , Gao, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Optimization Letters Vol. 10, no. 8 (2016), p. 1763-1779
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- Description: This paper presents a canonical duality theory for solving a general nonconvex constrained optimization problem within a unified framework to cover Lagrange multiplier method and KKT theory. It is proved that if both target function and constraints possess certain patterns necessary for modeling real systems, a perfect dual problem (without duality gap) can be obtained in a unified form with global optimality conditions provided.While the popular augmented Lagrangian method may produce more difficult nonconvex problems due to the nonlinearity of constraints. Some fundamental concepts such as the objectivity and Lagrangian in nonlinear programming are addressed.
Global optimal trajectory in Chaos and NP-Hardness
- Authors: Latorre, Vittorio , Gao, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos Vol. 26, no. 8 (2016), p. 1-14
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- Description: This paper presents an unconventional theory and method for solving general nonlinear dynamical systems. Instead of the direct iterative methods, the discretized nonlinear system is first formulated as a global optimization problem via the least squares method. A newly developed canonical duality theory shows that this nonconvex minimization problem can be solved deterministically in polynomial time if a global optimality condition is satisfied. The so-called pseudo-chaos produced by linear iterative methods are mainly due to the intrinsic numerical error accumulations. Otherwise, the global optimization problem could be NP-hard and the nonlinear system can be really chaotic. A conjecture is proposed, which reveals the connection between chaos in nonlinear dynamics and NP-hardness in computer science. The methodology and the conjecture are verified by applications to the well-known logistic equation, a forced memristive circuit and the Lorenz system. Computational results show that the canonical duality theory can be used to identify chaotic systems and to obtain realistic global optimal solutions in nonlinear dynamical systems. The method and results presented in this paper should bring some new insights into nonlinear dynamical systems and NP-hardness in computational complexity theory. © 2016 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Global solutions to a class of CEC benchmark constrained optimization problems
- Authors: Zhou, Xiaojun , Gao, David , Yang, Chunhua
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Optimization Letters Vol. 10, no. 3 (2016), p. 457-472
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- Description: This paper aims to solve a class of CEC benchmark constrained optimization problems that have been widely studied by nature-inspired optimization algorithms. Based on canonical duality theory, these challenging problems can be reformulated as a unified canonical dual problem over a convex set, which can be solved deterministically to obtain global optimal solutions in polynomial time. Applications are illustrated by some well-known CEC benchmark problems, and comparisons with other methods have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Global solutions to nonconvex optimization of 4th-order polynomial and log-sum-exp functions
- Authors: Chen, Yi , Gao, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Global Optimization Vol. 64, no. 3 (2016), p. 417-431
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- Description: This paper presents a canonical dual approach for solving a nonconvex global optimization problem governed by a sum of 4th-order polynomial and a log-sum-exp function. Such a problem arises extensively in engineering and sciences. Based on the canonical duality–triality theory, this nonconvex problem is transformed to an equivalent dual problem, which can be solved easily under certain conditions. We proved that both global minimizer and the biggest local extrema of the primal problem can be obtained analytically from the canonical dual solutions. As two special cases, a quartic polynomial minimization and a minimax problem are discussed. Existence conditions are derived, which can be used to classify easy and relative hard instances. Applications are illustrated by several nonconvex and nonsmooth examples. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
On the extrema of a nonconvex functional with double-well potential in 1D
- Authors: Gao, David , Lu, Xioajun
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik Vol. 67, no. 3 (2016), p. 1-7
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- Description: This paper mainly investigates the extrema of a nonconvex functional with double-well potential in 1D through the approach of nonlinear differential equations. Based on the canonical duality method, the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation with Neumann boundary condition can be converted into a cubic dual algebraic equation, which will help find the local extrema for the primal problem. © 2016, Springer International Publishing.
Canonical duality theory and triality for solving general global optimization problems in complex systems
- Authors: Morales-Silva, Daniel , Gao, David
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems Vol. 3, no. 2 (2015), p. 139-161
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- Description: General nonconvex optimization problems are studied by using the canonical duality-triality theory. The triality theory is proved for sums of exponentials and quartic polynomials, which solved an open problem left in 2003. This theory can be used to find the global minimum and local extrema, which bridges a gap between global optimization and nonconvex mechanics. Detailed applications are illustrated by several examples. © 2015 Mathematical Sciences Publishers.
Global solutions to fractional programming problem with ratio of nonconvex functions
- Authors: Ruan, Ning , Gao, David
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Mathematics and Computation Vol. 255, no. (2015), p. 66-72
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- Description: This paper presents a canonical dual approach for minimizing a sum of quadratic function and a ratio of nonconvex functions in Rn. By introducing a parameter, the problem is first equivalently reformed as a nonconvex polynomial minimization with elliptic constraint. It is proved that under certain conditions, the canonical dual is a concave maximization problem in R2 that exhibits no duality gap. Therefore, the global optimal solution of the primal problem can be obtained by solving the canonical dual problem. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mixed finite element solutions to contact problems of nonlinear Gao beam on elastic foundation
- Authors: Gao, David , Machalova, Jitka , Netuka, Horymir
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications Vol. 22, no. (2015), p. 537-550
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- Description: This paper analyzes nonlinear contact problems of a large deformed beam on an elastic foundation. The beam model is governed by a nonlinear fourth-order differential equation developed by Gao (1996); while the elastic foundation model is assumed as Winkler's type. Based on a decomposition method, the nonlinear variational inequality problem is able to be reformed as a min-max problem of a saddle Lagrangian. Therefore, by using mixed finite element method with independent discretization-interpolations for foundation and beam elements, the nonlinear contact problem in continuous space is eventually converted as a nonlinear mixed complementarity problem, which can be solved by combination of interior-point and Newton methods. Applications are illustrated by different boundary conditions. Results show that the nonlinear Gao beam is more stiffer than the Euler-Bernoulli beam.
Canonical primal-dual algorithm for solving fourth-order polynomial minimization problems
- Authors: Zhou, Xiaojun , Gao, David , Yang, Chunhua
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Mathematics and Computation Vol. 227, no. (2014), p. 246-255
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- Description: This paper focuses on implementation of a general canonical primal-dual algorithm for solving a class of fourth-order polynomial minimization problems. A critical issue in the canonical duality theory has been addressed, i.e., in the case that the canonical dual problem has no interior critical point in its feasible space Sa+, a quadratic perturbation method is introduced to recover the global solution through a primal-dual iterative approach, and a gradient-based method is further used to refine the solution. A series of test problems, including the benchmark polynomials and several instances of the sensor network localization problems, have been used to testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Post-buckling solutions of hyper-elastic beam by canonical dual finite element method
- Authors: Cai, Kun , Gao, David , Qin, Qing
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids Vol. 19, no. 6 (2014), p. 659-671
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- Description: The post-buckling problem of a large deformed beam is analyzed using the canonical dual finite element method (CD-FEM). The feature of this method is to choose correctly the canonical dual stress so that the original non-convex potential energy functional is reformulated in a mixed complementary energy form with both displacement and stress fields, and a pure complementary energy is explicitly formulated in finite dimensional space. Based on the canonical duality theory and the associated triality theorem, a primal–dual algorithm is proposed, which can be used to find all possible solutions of this non-convex post-buckling problem. Numerical results show that the global maximum of the pure-complementary energy leads to a stable buckled configuration of the beam, while the local extrema of the pure-complementary energy present unstable deformation states. We discovered that the unstable buckled state is very sensitive to the number of total elements and the external loads. Theoretical results are verified through numerical examples and some interesting phenomena in post-bifurcation of this large deformed beam are observed.
Complete solutions and triality theory to a nonconvex optimization problem with double-well potential in Rn
- Authors: Morales-Silva, Daniel , Gao, David
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Numerical Algebra, Control and Optimization Vol. 3, no. 2 (2013), p. 271-282
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- Description: The main purpose of this research note is to show that the triality theory can always be used to identify both global minimizer and the biggest local maximizer in global optimization. An open problem left on the double- min duality is solved for a nonconvex optimization problem with double-well potential in ℝn, which leads to a complete set of analytical solutions. Also a convergency theorem is proved for linear perturbation canonical dual method, which can be used for solving global optimization problems with multiple so- lutions. The methods and results presented in this note pave the way towards the proof of the triality theory in general cases.
Solving the canonical dual of box-and integer-constrained nonconvex quadratic programs via a deterministic direct search algorithm
- Authors: Gao, David , Watson, Layne , Easterling, David , Thacker, William , Billups, Stephen
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Optimization Methods and Software Vol. 28, no. 2 (2013), p. 313-326
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- Description: This paper presents a massively parallel global deterministic direct search method (VTDIRECT) for solving nonconvex quadratic minimization problems with either box or1 integer constraints. Using the canonical dual transformation, these well-known NP-hard problems can be reformulated as perfect dual stationary problems (with zero duality gap). Under certain conditions, these dual problems are equivalent to smooth concave maximization over a convex feasible space. Based on a perturbation method proposed by Gao, the integer programming problem is shown to be equivalent to a continuous unconstrained Lipschitzian global optimization problem. The parallel algorithm VTDIRECT is then applied to solve these dual problems to obtain global minimizers. Parallel performance results for several nonconvex quadratic integer programming problems are reported. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
- Description: 2003010580